（整理版高中英語）高考英語專題總復(fù)習(xí)精選薈萃閱讀填空系列（一）

1、高考英語專題總復(fù)習(xí)精選薈萃閱讀填空系列一directions：read the following passage. complete the diagram / fill in the numbered blanks by using the information for the passage.write no more than 3 words for each answer. passage 1 sharks have lived in the oceans for over 450 million years, long before the appearance of dinos

2、aurs. there are now about 360 species of sharks, whose size, behavior and other characteristics differ widely.sharks range in size from the 6­inch­long dwarf­dog shark to the 60­foot­long whale sharkthe world's biggest fish. the whale sharks, like two other large shark s

3、peciesthe basking shark and the mega mouth sharkare harmless to people because they feed on plants and small aquatic animals.every year, we catch and kill over 100 million sharks, mostly for food and for their fins. dried shark fins are used to make shark fin soup, which sells for as much as $ 50 a

4、bowl in fine hong kong restaurants. other sharks are killed for sport and out of fear. sharks are vulnerable (脆弱的) to overfishing because it takes most species 10 to 15 years to begin reproducing and they produce only a few offspring.while sharks are seen as people­eating monsters, they help sa

5、ve human lives. in addition to providing people with food, they are helping us in cancer. they are among the few animals in the world that almost never get cancer. a research shows that chemicals extracted from shark cartilage have killed cancerous tumors in laboratory animals. their highly effectiv

6、e immune system (免疫系統(tǒng)) also allows wound to heal quickly and yet they are not infected.sharks are needed in the world's ocean ecosystems. although they don't need us, we need them. we are much more dangerous to sharks than they are to us. for every shark that bites a person, we kill one mill

7、ion sharks.title：_1_origin of sharkstime to appear: _2_species: 360_3_dwarf­dog sharks: 6 inches longwhale sharks：_4_5_ of being caughtand killedfor food；for sport；_6_.functionshelping us to prevent _7_ ；allowing wound to heal quickly _8_ _9_we are _10_ sharks.【答案解析】1sharks 文中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的詞往往和主旨有聯(lián)系，很

8、明顯本文是一篇關(guān)于鯊魚的說明文。2450,000,000 / 450 million years ago 信息來自于第一段sharks have lived in the oceans for over 450 million years，但是要進(jìn)行信息轉(zhuǎn)換，因?yàn)轭}目要求填寫鯊魚出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間。3size(s) 此題考查概括性詞匯，在第二段開頭出現(xiàn)了。460 feet long 解題信息來自第二段中的the 60­foot­long whale shark，須與表格中的6 inches long對(duì)稱，改成60 feet long。5causes 考查概括性詞匯。此題需要對(duì)本段進(jìn)

9、行理解然后概括。6out of fear 解題信息來自于.mostly for food and for their fins. other sharks are killed for sport and out of fear. 從表格中可見，三種原因?qū)俨⒘嘘P(guān)系。7cancer 解題信息來自于in addition to providing people with food, they are helping us in cancer. 8without being / becoming infected 解題信息來自于their highly effective immune system

10、 also allows wound to heal quickly and yet they are not infected. 此題有較高的轉(zhuǎn)換要求。9conclusion 考查學(xué)生的歸納能力。10in need of 解題信息來源于最后一段中的sharks are needed in the world's ocean ecosystems.passage 2dieters are often advised to stop drinking alcohol to avoid the extra calories hidden in a glass of wine or a fa

11、vorite cocktail. but new research suggests that women who regularly consume fair amounts of alcohol are less likely to gain weight than non­drinkers and are at lower risk for fat.the findings are based on a study of 19,220 united states women aged 39 or older who，at the start of the study，fell

12、into the “normal weight category based on their body mass index (身體質(zhì)量指數(shù))researchers tracked the women's drinking habits over 13 years. about 60 percent of the women were light or regular drinkers, while about 40 percent reported drinking no alcohol.over the course of the study, 41 percent of the

13、 women became overweight or fat. although alcohol is packed with calories (about 150 in a six­ounce glass of wine)，the non­drinkers in the study actually gained more weight over time：nine pounds，on average，compared with an average gain of about three pounds among regular mild drinkers. the

14、 risk of becoming overweight was almost 30 percent lower for women who consumed one or two alcohol drinks a day, compared with non­drinkers.the findings are certain to be confusing for women who continue to receive conflicting messages about the health benefits and risks of alcohol. although mi

15、ld drinking is associated with better heart health，regular drinking also increases breast cancer risk.the trend toward less weight gain among drinkers doesn't appear to hold true for men. a study of british men showed that regular drinkers gained more weight than non­drinkers. there may be

16、differences in how men and women metabolize (代謝) alcohol. metabolic studies show that after men drink alcohol，they experience little if any metabolic change. but alcohol appears to slightly speed up a woman's metabolism.the findings don't mean women should rush to drink alcohol to lose weigh

17、t. other research shows that once a person is already overweight，her alcohol metabolism is more efficient，and so an overweight woman may gain more weight from alcohol than a lean woman. the data do，however，suggest that for many women facing weight problems，the extra calories are probably not coming

18、from alcoholic drinks.title：women who drink gain _1_.widely known advicestop drinking alcohol to avoid the extra calories._2_ subjects：19,220 united states women aged 39 or older of normal weightabout 60 percentlight or regular drinkers；about 40 percent_3_._4_41 percent becoming overweight or fat；no

19、n­drinkers gaining more weight over time,9 pounds on average；_5_ gaining about three pounds on average；compared with non­drinkers，women who consumed one or two alcohol drinks a day almost 30 percent _6_to become fat；women being _7_ men in metabolism.confusing factmild drinking may _8_ to b

20、etter heart health，but it also increases breast cancer risk._9_women should not rush to drink alcohol to lose weight. for women with_10_，alcoholic drinks are probably not the cause of extra calories.【答案解析】1less weight由第一段最后一句及下文的研究結(jié)果可知飲酒的婦女不發(fā)胖。2experimental / tracked / investigated / analyzed由第二段第一句

21、可知實(shí)驗(yàn)(跟蹤、調(diào)查、分析)的對(duì)象是39歲以上的正常體重的婦女。3non­drinkers由第二段最后一句可知40%的是不飲酒的婦女。該名詞形式在第三段屢次出現(xiàn)。4. findings此題考查概括性詞匯。在文中2、4、6段都出現(xiàn)了該詞。5regular mild drinkers由第三段第二句可知：在調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)定期飲酒的婦女的體重平均增加了3磅。6less likely由第三段最后一句可知：與不飲酒的婦女相比，在一天里喝一、兩次酒的婦女變胖的可能性幾乎減少了30%。7different from由倒數(shù)第二段第三句可知：男女在代謝方面可能是不同的。此題需要對(duì)信息進(jìn)行加工。8contri

22、bute / be related / be linked由第四段最后一句可知：雖然飲酒對(duì)心臟有好處，但也提高了患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。9suggestion 考查概括性詞匯。由should可知，文中是建議的口吻。10. weight problems由文章最后一句可知，這是直接信息題。passage 3on 3 march ，a package of reforms about atm charge designed to improve competition in the australian atm system came into effect. specifically，the reform

23、s have made it easier for new providers of atm services to enter the market and have provided atm owners with the freedom to charge customers for the use of atms. furthermore，the reforms have increased the transparency of atm fees by ensuring that the fee charged by the atm owner is displayed prior

24、(在之前) to the transaction (交易) being finished，with the customer given the opportunity to cancel the transaction at no cost.one element of the reforms is the removal of interchange fees that card issuers paid to atm owners when cardholders used atms that did not belong to their financial institution.

25、these fees were often passed on，with a huge profit，by card issuers to cardholders in the form of a “foreign feewith the removal of interchange fees，the cost to card issuers when their customers use an atm belonging to another unit has fallen，reducing the need to charge “foreign feesfollowing the ref

26、orms，an atm owner can charge a cardholder directly for an atm transaction. when the atm owner charges such a fee，it must be disclosed before the cardholder withdraws the cash or makes a balance enquiry，and it doesn't apply if the transaction is cancelled before completion. and an atm owner could

27、 impose direct charges on all customers，including its own if it's also a financial institution.before the reforms，an interchange fee was paid by the cardholder's financial institution to the atm owner whenever a “foreign atm transaction was undertaken. and now the interchange fee paid has be

28、en cancelled and，in line with this，foreign fees have also fallen. in some cases，including two of the major banks，foreign fees were reduced to zero.title：_1_.time of _2_：on 3 march ._3_：to improve competition in the australian atm system._4_：making it easier for new _5_to enter the marketoffering atm

29、 owners the freedom to charge customers for _6_7_of atm fees _8_that card issuers paid to atm owners when cardholders used atms not belonging to their financial institutiona cardholder：being charged directly for an atm transactionan atm owner：being able to _9_on all customers._10_of interchange fee：

30、before the reforms：often being charged by the cardholder's financial institution after the reforms：having fallen and some being reduced to zero【答案解析】1atm charge reforms通讀全文可知，本文主要告訴我們atm自動(dòng)提款機(jī)收費(fèi)改革的情況。2coming into effect / becoming effective由第一段第一句可知收費(fèi)改革的生效時(shí)間是3月3號(hào)。3purpose / aim / goal / intention

31、由第一段第一句的句意可知to improve competition in the australian atm system是改革的目的。4advantages / benefits / good effects / good results由第一段內(nèi)容可知下面所列舉的是這次改革所帶來的種種益處。 5atm services providers由第一段第二句可知答案。6using atms由第一段第二句可知atm業(yè)主可以向atm的使用者自由收費(fèi)。7increasing transparency由第一段第三句可知這次改革也提高了atm收費(fèi)的透明度。 8removing interchange

32、fees由第二段第一句可知，這次改革也取消了發(fā)卡機(jī)構(gòu)付給atm業(yè)主的交換費(fèi)。9impose direct charges由倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知，atm業(yè)主可以直接把費(fèi)用加在消費(fèi)者身上。 10comparison / contrast由下文的before the reforms和and now可知是把改革前后的交換費(fèi)做了比擬，對(duì)照。passage 4worldwide, women are twice as likely to suffer from insomnia(失眠癥)as men, but a new study suggests that a more educated woman

33、 is less likely to lose sleep. researchers say that although biology is important in affecting insomnia risk, the results suggest that social factors such as educational achievement may also play a minor role. in the study, researchers surveyed nearly 40,000 men and women in taiwan. overall, women a

34、veraged 1.25 points higher on the insomnia scale than men regardless of socioeconomic status.however, the study also showed that insomnia was more common among both men and women who are in these categories：olderdivorced / separatedpoor healthsmokerlow incomeliving with children at homein contrast,

35、the study showed that students and regular exercisers tended to report better sleep quality. researchers say some of these social factors appeared to affect women more strongly. for example, unemployment and being divorced, or separated had a more negative effect on women's sleep quality and inc

36、reased their risk of insomnia. but although higher educational achievement improved women's sleep quality at night, researchers found it had the opposite effect on men.researchers say social factors can't fully explain the differences between the sexes in insomnia risk and sleep disturbances

37、, and these findings need further study.title: educated women _1_【答案解析】1sleep better 本文是關(guān)于文章主旨的一個(gè)題，需要進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的概括。2the less likely從文中第一段可以找到信息原文 a more educated woman is less likely to lose sleep，但是此題需要進(jìn)行信息轉(zhuǎn)換。3factors 考查概括性詞匯。4social factors 信息來自于倒數(shù)第二段researchers say some of these social factors appeared

38、 to affect women more strongly.5unemployment 信息來自于文章倒數(shù)第二段for example, unemployment and being divorced, or separated had a more negative effect on women's sleep quality and increased their risk of insomnia.6categories信息來自于文章第三段however, the study also showed that insomnia was more common among bot

39、h men and women who are in these categories.7low income 此題可直接從文中找到信息，無需進(jìn)行信息轉(zhuǎn)換。8. regular exercisers信息來自于倒數(shù)第二段第一句in contrast, the study showed that students and regular exercisers tended to report better sleep quality.9conclusion 考查概括性詞匯。10needed 從最后一段最后一句可以找到信息.these findings need further study.需要進(jìn)行

40、信息轉(zhuǎn)換。passage 5 a technical secondary school in nanjing, east china's jiangsu province, planned to order korean style school uniforms for students，but parents opposed the move，believing that the new uniforms looked too good and would encourage early romances among the students, the jinling evenin

41、g paper reported monday.parents “my daughter was so excited about the korean style uniform，saying it's her dream to wear miniskirt to school every day， a mom surnamed cheng complained.“my daughter also called her classmates to talk about how handsome the boys looked in the uniform！cheng looked o

42、n the internet and found that most korean schoolboy uniforms are similar to western suits.“they are so handsome! my daughter is a fan of korean fashion，that's why she is crazy about the uniform！ cheng said.“if the students wear such beautiful uniforms，how can they study well? i prefer the sports

43、wear which makes me think of health and positive thinking.school “the plan to change the current school uniform from sportswear has been cancelled， an employee of the school told the jinling evening paper. “the students dislike the current uniform，so the school took advice from the students last nov

44、ember，knowing that most of students prefer korean or japanese style school uniforms. we know cities like shanghai and guangzhou have changed their sportswear school uniforms to more fashionable uniforms， an employee surnamed lin said. “however，we had to stop the plan because many parents are strongl

45、y against it. some parents think it's just a way for the school to make money，and others think the new uniforms will take students' attention away from their studies， lin said. when asked about the possibility of problems with early romance between students because of the more fashionable un

46、iforms，lin said he hadn't considered it. he，however，agreed that the korean style uniform makes the students more charming.studentsthe students are very disappointed about the school's final decision. they think the sports wear uniforms make them look androgynous (難分性別) they said the korean s

47、tyle uniform has many advantages such as raising interest in class, lifting confidence, improving solidarity and creating good temperaments. as for concerns about romance，the students believe that love is love and bears no relationship to the uniform.education department“we don't have a unified

48、(統(tǒng)一的) standard for school uniforms. the schools can choose their own styles. either sportswear or uniforms are ok， an official from the nanjing bureau of education said.eventa technical secondary school planned to order korean style school uniforms for students.different _1_ parents: strongly _2_ the movewith such beautiful designs, t