(三)冠詞和數(shù)詞及練習

1、第三章冠詞和數(shù)詞冠詞是一種輔助性的詞，不可在句中獨立擔任一個成分。放在名詞前，幫助說明名詞 的含義，使用極為頻繁。冠詞有不定冠詞（a, an）和定冠詞（the）兩種。a和an的基本 含義是“一，一個”，表示泛指，不強調數(shù)目，只表示名詞不是特定的；the的基本含義是 “這個，那個”，表示特指，在可數(shù)的單復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前面都可以用。冠詞本身是 虛詞，沒有意義，同時也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義數(shù)詞可分為基數(shù)詞（Cardinal Numbers）和序數(shù)詞（Ordinal Numbers）兩種。前者表 示數(shù)量，后者表示順序。A高考重點要求：一、冠詞1、不定冠詞、定冠詞和零冠詞的

2、基本用法2、不定冠詞和定冠詞的位置3、冠詞常見的習慣搭配用法二、數(shù)詞1、掌握基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞構成2、掌握基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞的基本用法3、基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞在表示倍數(shù)、百分數(shù)、年、月、日等的基本用法第一節(jié)知識點概述f 一、冠詞（一）不定冠詞不定冠詞用a還是an由后而一個詞的首音決定。以元音開頭的詞前用an,以輔音（包 括半元音，不是元音字母）開頭的詞前用a,例如：輔音字母或半元音開頭：a tree, a university, a house, a European country, a one-eyed man元音或半元音開頭：an apple, an umbrella, an hour, an ele

3、phant, an opera值得注意的是：1 .如果不定冠詞后而第一個詞以輔音音素開頭就用a。例如university, useless, useful, unit, uniform;以元音音素開頭用 an ,例如:an uncle , an apple。2 .如果不定冠詞后面第一個詞以不發(fā)音的h開頭，而h后而第一個音的音素是元音因 素,就用 aru 例如 hour, honesto3 .如果不定冠詞和名詞之間有其他詞，不定冠詞的形式仍取決于它后面第一個詞的語 音形式。例如 a rich uncle , a beautiful actresso不定冠詞的用法如下：1 .用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，表

4、示一類人或事物，如：A dictionary is a useful book.An underground train can start and stop quickly.2 .說明某人或某東西屬于哪一類，如：This is a book.He used to be an engineer.3 .泛指某人或某物，但未具體說明何人、何物，如：A boy is waiting for me.Give me a pen, please.4 .表示數(shù)量，有“一”的意思，如：Behind the house there is a garden.once a week.5 .用于錄些固定詞組中，如：a

5、 few, a little, a lot of, a number of, just a minute, in a hurry, for a while, for a long time, a_cup of, a bottle of, have a rest, have a talk, have a fever, have a good time, have （take） a walk, have a toothache, take a bath, give a lesson（二）定冠詞定冠詞的用法如下：1 .指彼此都知道的人或事物，如：Open the door, please.Go an

6、d close the window.2 .特指某（些）人或£（些）事物，如：The girl in red is my sister.The man over there is our English teacher.The book on the desk is mine.3 .指前而提到過的人或事物，如：Here is a picture of a modern car factory. My father works in the factory.4 .用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前，以及在方位詞前。如：The Nile is the longest river in the w

7、orld.He won the first prize.The sun rises in the east.5 .用在某些名詞化的扁詞或過去分詞前，表示一類人或事物，如：the rich, the sick, the new , the false, the wounded6 .用在某些專用名詞前，如：the Great Wallthe People' s Republic of Chinathe United Nationsthe Netherlands7 .在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱的前面，如：the North China Plainthe Rocky Mountain

8、sthe Yangtse River8 .在一些用語中，如：in the morning （,/afternoon/evening）, in the day, by the way, on the whole, the next morning, all the year around, the other day, at the same time（三）不用冠詞的情況1 .在不含普通名詞或某些專有名詞如表示人名，地名，機構等 China, Beihai Park2 .名詞前而已有用作定語的this, that, my, your, some, any等代詞前，如： The letter is

9、 from my father.I have a book in my hand.3 .在復數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時，如：Horses are useful animals.I like cakes.4 .在節(jié)日名稱、星期、月份、季節(jié)前。如：Today is Sunday.Spring is the best season in the year.Childrenf s Day5 .在某些固定搭配和習慣用語中，如：go to school , be in hospital, be in prison6 . 一天三餐，球類運動的名稱前，如：I like to play basketball.We

10、 have lunch at school.八二、數(shù)詞（一）數(shù)詞的詞形（1）在1-12中，1T2為基數(shù)詞中的數(shù)詞：序數(shù)詞1-3為特殊變化，序數(shù)詞4-12在基 數(shù)詞詞尾加-th。注意fifth （第五）;ninth （第九）和twelfth （第十二）的特殊拼寫。（2）在13-19中，13-19基數(shù)詞在數(shù)詞3-9后加-teen構成。其中13和15發(fā)生拼寫 變化：thirteen和fifteen，相應序數(shù)詞在基數(shù)詞后加-th構成。13T9歲的少年用teens （in one' s teens在某人十多歲時）°（3）在20-90整十位數(shù)，在基數(shù)詞2-9之后加-ty構成。其中20、3

11、0、40、50拼法特 殊。在構成相應的序數(shù)詞時，將詞尾y變i，再加-eth。表示二十多歲等用twenty等的復 數(shù) twenties （in one" s twenties 在某人二十多歲時）。（4）兩位數(shù)之間的數(shù)，由十位數(shù)加個位數(shù)構成，中間用連字符。構成序數(shù)詞時，連字 符前為基數(shù)詞,后為序數(shù)詞。如：二十五twenty-five;第九十九ninety-ninth.（5） 100以上數(shù)詞，整百位數(shù)由-9加hundred構成，序數(shù)詞在詞尾加-th：整千位數(shù) 由1-9力口 thousand構成，序數(shù)詞在詞尾加-th。在百位和個位之間須加and,如：141 one hundred and f

12、orty-one： 1201 one thousand two hundred and one ,構成序數(shù)詞只將最 后一個數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞。（二）使用基數(shù)詞的情況（1）念數(shù)（o念作/o /或zero）（2）電話號碼（）（3）事物表示編號順序（名詞在前,如：Room 303; World War Two）（4）貨幣（100 dollars）（5）度量（50 kilos）（6）小數(shù) meters）（三）使用序數(shù)詞的情況(1)第幾(2)月份后的號(August 5th)(3)事物表示順序(名詞在后，如：the fiftieth page; the Second World War)（四）分數(shù)、小數(shù)、百分

13、比、倍數(shù)、四則運算的表示方法類別說明例詞或例句分 數(shù)分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù) 詞，分子大于1,分母的序數(shù) 詞用復數(shù)。1/2 讀作 a (one) half1/3 讀作 a (one) third1/4 讀作 a (one) quarter 或 a (one) fourth4/5 讀作 four fifths4 2/3 讀作 four and two thirdsTwo thirds of the earth surface is covered by water.(地球表面的三分之二覆蓋若水)小 數(shù)小數(shù)點讀作pointe小數(shù)點后 面各數(shù)都按個位基數(shù)詞讀：小 數(shù)點前面仍按基數(shù)詞讀。零讀 作?；騴

14、ero.讀作 zero point seven讀作 twenty-five point two five百分比百分比由基數(shù)詞+percent組 成（為）2% 讀作 two percent44% 讀作 forty-four percent100% 讀作 one hundred percentMore than 25 percent of the surface of the ground is covered with grass,百分之二十五以上的地面被草覆蓋 著。倍 數(shù)（1）倍數(shù)+as+形（副）原級+as（2）倍數(shù)+形（副）比較級 +than（3）倍數(shù) + the size （length

15、, height , width , etc ）+ of （表示大小或數(shù)量的名 詞）This room is three times as large as that one This room is two times larger than that one. This room is three times the size of that one 注意：上述三個結構的意義是相同的。 漢譯表達： 這間房是那間房的三倍大。加、減、乘、除四 則運算用基數(shù)詞表示加號用plus / and減號用minus乘號用times 除號用divided by9+8=17» 讀作 Nine plu

16、s (and) eight is seventeen.11-5=6 , 讀作 Eleven minus five is six.6X5=30, 讀作 Six times five is thirty.354-7=5» 讀作 Thirtyfive divided by seven is five.第二節(jié)實戰(zhàn)演練一、復習時需注意的要點1、如兩個形容詞都有冠詞，表示兩個不同東西。例如：My grandpa raises a black and a white dog. 我爺爺養(yǎng)了一只黑狗和一只白狗。The black and the white dogs are his.這只黑狗和白狗都是

17、他的。2、如后一個形容詞無冠詞，則指一物，例如：My grandpa raises a black and white dog, 他養(yǎng)了一只黑白花狗。3、several或基數(shù)詞修飾hundred, thousand, million表示計數(shù)時，一般不用復數(shù)形式. 例如：several hundred students watched the match.4、dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, millions of, tens of thousands of, hundreds of thousands of, tens of millions of等結構可用

18、來表示不確定的數(shù)量.例如：Hundreds of thousands of people are going to watch the fireworks in the Central Park.She bought dozens of eggs last week.k?二、歷屆高考試題分析例 1、I earn 10 dollars hour as supermarket cashier on Saturdays.A. a. an B. the. aC. an. . a D. an. the答案為c.【解析】hour以元音開頭，前面加不定冠詞an, an hour “每小時”：a表示“一個”，

19、 放在supermarket cashier前面表示類指，說明屬哪類人。譯文：星期六我作為超市出納 員每小時掙10美元。a/an的用法規(guī)則：以元音音素開頭的單詞前用an,以輔音音素開頭 的單詞前用a。例 2、 One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain good knowledge of basic word formation.A. / B. the C. a D. one答案為c。【解析】knowledge是不可數(shù)名詞，當被某些修飾語修飾時，前而要加不定冠詞，如： He has a very good knowledge

20、of English他在英語方面有豐富的知識。(列 3、 Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876.A. / B a C. the D. one答案為C o【解析】the+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)表示一類泛指。(列 4、 The cakes are delicious. He'd like to have third one becausesecond one is rather too small.A. aa B. the*theC. athe D. thea答案為c?！窘馕觥孔⒁庑驍?shù)詞前面的冠詞的用法：當序數(shù)詞表示順序時用定冠詞the：表

21、示再來 一次使用不定冠詞a (an)。從句子的意思可知，third one表示再吃一個，所以填a： second one表示所吃的第二個，所以填the。這句話的意思是：蛋糕很好吃。他想再吃一個，因 為他吃的第二個太小了。例 5、 A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in leg.A. aB. oneC. theD. his答案為C?！窘馕觥總澳橙四巢课换蚺?、打、拉某人某部位要用句式wound/bit/beat/pat/take+sb+介詞+the+部分。譯文：子彈擊中了戰(zhàn)士，他的腿受了傷1 列 6、 people in the world

22、are sending information by email every day.A. Several million B. Many million C. Several millions D. Many million答案為A?！窘馕觥吭趍illion, hundred等前如果有具體數(shù)字或several等詞時，要用單數(shù)形式。 many一般不與million等詞連用。在表示不確切數(shù)目時用復數(shù)，例如：表示“數(shù)百萬”， 英語為millions ofe譯文：每天，世界上有百十萬人通過email傳遞信息。例 7、of the land in that district covered with

23、trees and grass.B. Two fifth. is B. Two fifth. are C. Two fifths. is D. Two fifths. . are答案為c?！窘馕觥糠謹?shù)的分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。如果分子大于1，序數(shù)詞后加-S。 分數(shù)和百分比作主語時，謂語動詞的形式取決于分數(shù)和百分數(shù)后的名詞。句子中的主語 land是單數(shù)，所以謂語動詞要用is covered。（列 8、 Paper produced every year is the world,s production of vehicles.C. the three times weight of B

24、. three times the weight ofD. as three times heavy asD. three times as heavier as答案為丸【解析】表示倍數(shù)的詞數(shù)放在the weight of前，意思是“重量的幾倍例 9、An accident happened at crossroads a few metres away frombank.A.B. /a C. /the D. the*V答案為A。【解析】at a crossroads表示“在十字路口”，crossroads "十字路口”是復數(shù)形式單 數(shù)用法；bank是可數(shù)名詞，不能單獨使用（要加冠詞

25、或復數(shù)），又非特指，不能用the。此 處是泛指，前面要用不定冠詞藐 例 10、 Smith me to buy several eggs for the dinnerA、 askeddozenB、 suggesteddozens ofC、 haddozenD、 persuadeddozens of答案為A?！窘馕觥俊癲ozen +復數(shù)名詞”前除了用具體數(shù)詞修飾外，還可以用several, many修 飾，如 several dozen people, many dozen students 等，dozen 不力I s。第三節(jié)鞏固練習1. It takes us hour or more to

26、go to my hometown by train.A. an*aB. aanC. /D. a-*/2. They had wonderful train ride to Chengdu before they went on toMount Emeiby bus.A. atheB. /theC.D. theaword. Jim was the first to break3. For a long time they walked without sayingA. the. aB. a. theC. a. /D. the. /4. 一By the way, have you got E-m

27、ail address一Oh, yes, it' s cthsc .A. theB. anC. aD. /5. book on the desk is A. The. an . a6. My good friend Liqing studies atA. 18No.D.7. 一What date is it-It，s .A. the April thirteenthC. thirteenth April8. His uncle has lived at forA. No. 103 Xinhua StreetC. Xinhua Street 1039. Please wait here.

28、 I' 11 be back inuseful one.C. The. aD. The. / Middle School.B. the 18C. 18thB. the thirteenth of AprilD. April thirteen ten years.B. 103 Xinhua StreetD. Xinhua Street hours.A. two and half aB. two and a half C. half and twoD. two a half.10. When you come here for your holiday next time, don'

29、; t go tohotel. I canfind youbed in myflat.B.C. a. theD.11.China islargerthan the United States.A. one sixB. one sixthC.onesixesD. a sixthsdied of cold last winter.A. hundreds old peopleB.hundredsoldpeoplesC. hundred old peopleD.hundredoldpeoples13. 999 reads nine hundredA. and ninety ninthB. and ni

30、nety-nineC.ninety and nineD. and nine nineteacher told us to write acomposition.A. two-thousand-wordB.two-thousand-wordsC. two thousands wordsD.two-thousands-wordA. threethirdtallest in theirclass.threeC.D.the third16. Would you like to trytimeA. twoB.secondC. atwoD.a second17. When spring comes,tre

31、es are plantedinourcity.A. millions ofB a million ofC. twomillionsD. million ofmore than six18. The number of the girls in our schoolA. are. hundreds B. is. hundredC.are. . hundredD. is. . hundred19. is a happy time for .A. Chinese New Year-,-childrenB. The Chinese New Year*childrenC. Chinese New Ye

32、arthe childrenD. The Chinese New Year*the children20. In Marx began to learn Russian.A. a 1870B. the 1870C. the1870' sD. his 187021. Most English people have names： name, a middle name and the familyname.A. three. . firstB. three. a firstC. the three. the firstD. the third. one first22.of the wo

33、rld, s books and newspapersare written in English.A. Three quarter B. Three of quartersC. Third fourthsD.Three fourthswe' re going to learn thelesson.A. twentyB.20C.twentiethD.twentyth24. How deep is the holeisItA. four metre deepD. four-metres-deep25. books must beA. Many thousandsMany thousand

34、are days in JuneA. thirteen, firstB. four metres deep produced for the children. B. Many thousands of C.and day is Children,C. thirty. the secondC. four-metre deepMany thousand of D.s Day.D. thirty. thefirstD. thirteen. . the firstof27. When you finish reading the book, you will havelife.A. a. theC.

35、 /. thebetter understandingD.a。28. I heard that as many as 4,000 people were killed in Horror Attack.一Yes,news came asshock to us.A. the. theC. /D. /29.on-going division between English-speaking Canadians andFrench-speaking Canadians ismajor concern of the country.C. An. the30. I spoke toyounger Mr.

36、Hamilton, not Hamiltonmanager.A. /theB. the/C. thethe31. There'sdictionary ondesk by yourside.A.B.a.aD.the.the32.-Where is myblue shirtA.-It's in thewashing machine.You have to weardifferent one.anyB. theC. aD. other33. I don't like talking ontelephone, I prefer writingletters.A. a. theC

37、. the. theD.34. Mr. Smith, there , s a man atfront door who says he hasnewsfor you of great importance.A. the-/B. the. . theD. /the35. Summers insouth of France are formost part dry and sunny.A. /aB. the-*/D. the. the36. He got hurtin a traffic accidentother day.Now he has been inhospital for a week

38、.A. the, /B. the, theC. /, /D. /, the37. Mark wished forrestafter havinghard time at school.A.B. thetheC. atheD. a/38.school usually beginsinSeptember ,when the weather is stillwarm .A. / B. The /C. The-*theD. A/39. We stood at the top of the mountain east of the city, watching burning sun rising.A. /a B. theaC. the*theD. /the40. -Put waste bag in the dustbin.-It' s not waste bag. It' s my shopping bag.A. a aB. thetheC. the*aD. athe41. His car suddenly got