從電影《桃姐》和《遺愿清單》對比分析中美老年生活英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計

1、） 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）Title：A comparison of elderly living between China and America-a case study of A Simple Life and The Bucket List 題目：從電影桃姐和遺愿清單對比分析中美老年生活學(xué)生姓名： 專 業(yè)：英 語學(xué) 號：指導(dǎo)老師： 二零壹三年五月ABSTRACT The primary goal of this thesis is studies the similarity and difference of elderly living between China and Americ

2、a, through the modern films A Simple Life and The Bucket List .Under the background that global old age population accelerated develops, the elderly living become the urgent question that catch attention of various countries, China took in a development the population great nation, already marched i

3、nto the old age national ranks. Looks over to cares for the aged research many articles, concentrates to caring for the elderly living and cares for the aged system reform, it is few and scattered that the attention cares for the culture and life of the aged, especially it is really few of cares for

4、 the comparison of the cultural between china and America culture of old aged support. This thesis depends on the facts in China and America, analyses their backgrounds, such as history, the social security system and so on, puts forward the ideas of perfect social security system, and improves the

5、elderly living level in China. Key words：Elderly living; old-age pension insurance system; Psychological problem of elder摘 要在加速發(fā)展的全球老齡化的背景下，老年人口增長迅速，老年問題越來越突出。因此，越來越多人把目光投向老年問題。其中，能突出反映老年問題的養(yǎng)老保障體系和老年生活方式得到社會各界的廣泛關(guān)注。本文通過兩部現(xiàn)代電影桃姐和遺愿清單折射出的現(xiàn)實社會狀況，比較中西方老年生活的異同，及其產(chǎn)生的背景，如社會保障制度，歷史淵源等，并對其進行分析，就我國老年人生活面臨的問題與

6、挑戰(zhàn)，結(jié)合西方老年人生活與我國的實際國情，提出完善我國的養(yǎng)老保障體系，建立適合我國國情的養(yǎng)老方式，進一步提高我國老年人的生活水平。關(guān)鍵字：老年生活; 養(yǎng)老保障體系; 老年心理問題；桃姐；遺愿清單 CONTENTChapter 1 Introduction11.1 The background of the study11.2 The motivation of this study11.3 research questions2Chapter 2 Literature review32.1 prophase research32.2 The significance of comparison

7、 of elderly living between China and America32.2.1Psychological problem of elder32.2.2 Perfect of old-age pension insurance system52.3 The current situation of elderly living72.3.1 The situation in china72.3.2 The situation in America8Chapter 3 Comparison and analysis of elderly living between China

8、 and America113.1 The similarities of elderly living between China and America113.1.1 Difficulties in role transformation113.1.2 The issue of old-age care123.1.3 The desire of backing home143.2 The difference of elderly living between China and America153.2.1. old-age pension insurance system153.2.2

9、 Realization of the life value173.2.3 The attitude towards dissatisfaction18Chapter 4The reasons of the difference elderly living in China and America194.1 culture factors194.2 Social economic status214.3 different policies23Chapter 5 Conclusion26A comparison of elderly living between China and Amer

10、ica-a case study of A Simple Life and The Bucket ListChapter 1 Introduction This chapter introduce the background of the study, the motivation of this study and research questions about this study.1.1 The background of the study In recent years,for the elder population is grows fastly,applied resear

11、chers have become increasingly interested in elderly study.Elderly living as an important part of elderly study,so that more and more people draw attention to the elderly living.However,few studies are convincing to interpreter the difference of elderly living between China and America.But as aging

12、population in China increase quickly,the aging problem is rise to the surface.Analysis the difference between two countries have significance for reference to China. 1.2 The motivation of this study There are some researches about elderly living, both in China and America. Most of their works are fo

13、cus on patterns of family support or the life quality of the elderly pattern of family, or Development and validation of the Quality of Life Scale for the Elder. and attitudes toward elder in China and the United States. But those studies seldom focus on the comparison of reality life of elderly in

14、China and America, which has great significance. Frist,it is a vital part in establishing the harmonious society,which policies our country has pay great attention to.The policy of harmonious society is based on human beings and the needs of our citizens.With the degree of the aged phenomenon becomi

15、ng more serious in our country,our country walk into the age of population The elder as an important part of citizens,their living go hand in hand with the establishing the harmonious society. Secondly,As one of the four ancient civilization countries in the world ,China has a long history as an anc

16、ient civilization.Filial piety is a traditional virtue.From the ancient time,every people is under the obligation to support his or her parents.Moreover,in moder time,support elder have been written in law. Support the elder,not only mean to give they money,make them get rid of hunger and cold,but a

17、lso include administer them spiritual comfort.so we should pay more attention to elders living.1.3 research questionsFirst, The psychological problems of the elderly.Second, perfecting of social security system.Chapter 2 Literature review This chapter concluding prophase research about elderly livin

18、g,The significance of comparison of elderly living between China and America,and introduction of two movies:A Simple Life and The Bucket List.2.1 prophase research There are few of studies for elderly living, and the studies are almost pay attention to some areas in elderly living or different elder

19、ly security system in different countries , such as elderly supports, social security system and so on. For example, Attitudes toward aging in China Hong Kong and the United States, written by Tucker, John Richard, and Oregon: University of Oregon, 1992. It compare the aging living form elder social

20、 security and living standard between Hong Kong and United State. In addition,Development and validation of the Quality of Life Scale for the Elderly, written by McKenna, Molly Colleen, which states improvement of elders living standards by economic development and law ensured. About adapting to the

21、 life after retired,Reichard,Liuson and Peterson divided the elder into five types:mature,vocking-chair man,armored type,angry-man and self-hater.The former three type can adapt to aging more easily.2.2 The significance of comparison of elderly living between China and America2.2.1Psychological prob

22、lem of elder According to the demand theory, the famous American social psychologist Maslow divided the life demand from low to high into five levels: physiological needs, security needs, social needs, esteem needs and self-actualization. Physiological needs are the most basic requirement and the ba

23、sic guarantee of survival of people to maintain their survival. Since the new period, with the development of economy, the elderly living can get protection. But several other needs are different degrees of deficiency. The old people feeling lonely, spiritual emptiness, loneliness of life boring, su

24、rvival condition is worrying. To elderly people, work, lifestyle and body will change. In the past,peoples attention most focus on living support,for short of money,However,with the development of economy,the basic living support can be meet most peoples needs.peoples vision turn to physiological ne

25、ed. When they seldom suffer from starvation and cold.they are thirsty for others care,especially the care from their families and their children.But now,people lives in high-speed run up society,they are occupied with working,learning,competing,but spend little time with their families.Therefore,the

26、 elder always feel lonely and be ignored. The psychological problem often occurred in the period when a person retired form his or her position.some of them can hardly adapt into a new type of life.which neednt go to work,and at the same time,lose the connection of the colleagues.Just as Reichards r

27、esearch,two types person can hardly adapt to their new roles.one is the angry-man,who can not accept the fact that he or she is old,and can not adapt to the life after retired.When they havent attach their life purpose,they attributed it to others,and become angry and despaired.As to retirement,the

28、angry-man hold the totally negative attitudes.Besides,death can cause their extreme fear.Having nowhere to express their passion,restless,pessimism,blue emotion are typical characters of this type of person.the other one is self-hater,who is called maladjustive group.they regard their life as fail j

29、ourney,and all of causes attributed to themselves,which is differ from the angry-man.they are indrawn,short of ambition and lonely,they regard death as a kind of release to hurtful reality,so that this type of person have the highest potential of suicide. Because of the different culture and backgro

30、und,the Psychological problem of elder is different in China and America.The elder in China focus on their children and short of their own hobbies and interests,but their children seldom have time or unwill to keep them company.emptiness and loneliness are filled with their life,even there are someo

31、ne turn to self-closing.this situation occurred especially their husbands or wives died.For the reason that in tradition,the elder should not get married again when partner died.In America,most elders have their own life,such situation is less serious,but it does not mean that they have no psycholog

32、ical problem,many American elders keep working when they reach the retired age,but for many reasons,they always go to the downhill path,which bring the sense of fail to them.However,if quiting job,there are someone cannot accept it,through they are really old and cant qualified with the work.they fe

33、el be unneeded,and wait to death. By comparing the elderly living between China and America ,we can find the causes of the different Psychological problems in China and America,and from this starting point,we can find more suitable and practical solutions to maintain those Psychological problems bot

34、h in China and America.2.2.2 Perfect of old-age pension insurance system China's old age security system was formally established in twentieth Century. It is the symbol of the beginning of the old-age pension insurance system that regulation of labor insurance byelaw of the peoples republic of C

35、hina,which has been published in 1951. The present population structure is a heavy burden for the young Chinese people to support the old. In the early 1990s, 10 young Chinese supported one elderly person. These days, every young couple has to support four seniors and one child. In the past, some lo

36、cal Chinese governments tried to set up endowment insurance systems whereby the rural people paid into a fund to support themselves. In 2009, China officially experimented with the old-age pension for rural seniors in one tenth of its counties. China had 2,862 county-level administrative regions in

37、2005. In November 2009, South China's Hainan Province became one of the first to pilot the program. Under the system, about 98 percent of rural residents aged 60 years or older - some 530,000 people - received 165 yuan for the fourth quarter of 2010 Thursday, according to Chen Cheng, vice govern

38、or of the province. The pensions are paid with funds from three sources. Rural residents aged 16 to 59 years pay 4 to 8 percent of the base payment, which is the average full-year per capita income of the previous year in the locality. They are allowed to pay more so they can receive a larger pensio

39、n in the future as long as the payment does not exceed 15 percent of the base payment. The cumulative payment term for rural persons younger than 45 years is 15 years. In 2008, per capital net income of Chinese rural residents totaled 4,761 Yuan. The central government has earmarked funds for paying

40、 the 55-yuan-per-month pension. Central government coffers will pay 80 percent of the basic pension in China's poor western areas and 60 percent in central areas. It will pay 20 percent in the wealthier eastern areas. Local governments will pay the rest. As I mentioned above,we can have a basic

41、view of the historic revolution of old-age pension insurance system in China.In modern society,compare to the old-age insurance system in America,there are some fundamental characters of old-age pension insurance system in our country as follow. In the frist place,The law is not perfect,and have str

42、ong administrative feature.since the promulgation of that regulation of labor insurance byelaw of the peoples republic of China,although the old-age pension insurance system have experience several modulation and revolution,and published some regulations and laws,it has not a unified national old-ag

43、e pension insurance law. Second,given its limited coverage and single level,the old-age insurance system is incomplete.According to the law,even the old-age insurance have covered government department,undertaking and enterprise employees and urban dwellers,but because of the difference of payment s

44、tandard and administration department,the unified old-age insurance system havent formed Third,the disunity between rights and obligations.there are two kinds of people.one is covered by the insurance system,the heavy burden have shouldered by the government.the other who are beyond the system,they

45、havent enjoy the rights even fulfill their obligation.For that,the society is unfair and unstable. Last,the over-all planning level is low,and the means of operate capital is single.Social insurance premium is used should by tripartite of unit of country,choose and employ persons,individual joint re

46、sponsibility,go up in higher administrative levels and the society comes true to be mixed as a whole inside bigger range each other aid.2.3 The current situation of elderly living The current situation of elderly living is different in China and America.the following will be a detail explanation abo

47、ut them. 2.3.1 The situation in china In recent years,applied researchers have become increasingly interested in elderly living.however,few studies are convincing to interpreter the difference of elderly living between China and America.But as aging population in China increase quickly,it related to

48、 establishing the harmonious society. In China, the current situation of elderly living is different between city and village. Firstly,the social security system in city is much better than it in the rural areas,most of them can enjoy the pension plan,but few of them involves in the commercial insur

49、ance,and the social insurance can hardly satisfy their needs.therefore,they still depend on family support,especially when they get sick.Secondly,in spiritual life,most citizens are regular nine-to-five worker,they have little time to stay with their parents.The elder stay at home have nobody to com

50、municate with.and they seldom to visit others home for the doors always closed.When their children work, they stand at home alone, lonely, but do not want to go out. So they maintain all the housework.They prepare delicious hot food for their children. Their happiness, most come from their dedicatio

51、n, from family, from their childrens safe and healthy. They seldom have their own independent life. In the rural areas,just as I mentioned before,the elder can not enjoy pension plan.China's rural old-age security system is low level and not comprehensive. On the part of material guarantee, the

52、main source of rural elders income support by their own works and their family, the level of income is low and unstable. Except this,for the limit of education level and life experience,most of them lacked of interests and hobbies so that their spiritual and cultural life is monotonous,such as play

53、cards,play mahjong,watch TV and so on.At their young age,most of their income come from land,and when they grow old,they lose the labor force as well as income.So doing some temporary work is the major way to earn money.when they cannot do it,they depend on their children.That is typical Chinese fam

54、ily support elder living.Except the financial life,most of their children go to cities to find job,and when they give birth to children,they can hardly afford the high cost,so they send their children back to their parents in rural areas.In such situation,it has formed the elder-children family stru

55、ctures,which has brought many problems.For examples,the elder must take care of themselves as well as their grandchildren.when they get sick,they can hardly be found by others,which is very dangers.2.3.2 The situation in America Americans advocate individualism,they emphasis on individual freedom an

56、d personal achievement,children left their parents since graduated. Normally, the elderly lived with their wife or husband, or live in senior home with other aged people. The old man seldom live with their children Even step into old age, they will never yield to age,they insist to live depend on th

57、emselves instead by their children.Such situation is obvious a big different from China. There are several types of elder living in America.First,elder lives depend on themselves,but close to their children.Second, elder lives in nursing home ,but it need some requirement ,most of them are without c

58、hildren,of course,there are some exception,if they pay more.besides，the condition of the nursing house are various,the elder can choose one they think suitable.Third, except the government built nursing house,there are also many private elders home,which built by businessman.In there,the elder can be take care of