貨代英語 unit7

1、 Unit 7 The Practice of International Ocean Cargo Transportation 國際海洋貨物運輸國際海洋貨物運輸 本年歷年試卷本年歷年試卷I考試的分值在考試的分值在16分左右分左右 本節(jié)重點：本節(jié)重點： 1） 班輪公會運輸班輪公會運輸 2） 非班輪公會運輸非班輪公會運輸 3） 無船承運人無船承運人 4） 不定期船不定期船 5） 主要的運輸單據主要的運輸單據 Shipping constitutes the principal mode of international transport and is estimated to carry ab

2、out 90 percent of international trade in terms of volume. constituteknsttjut 組成，構成；建立；任命 be estimated to 預計 海運是國際運輸中主要的運輸方式，估計在國際貿易運輸中占左右。 Consequently, it is very important for the freight forwader to be able to identify the formalities relating to carriage of goods by sea to be able to provide an

3、efficient service.identify adentfa 確定；鑒定；辨認出；formality fmlt正式手續(xù) 因此，對貨運代理來說，重要的是能夠了解有關海上貨物運輸的手續(xù)，以便提供有效的服務 be familiar with: 熟悉. trade routes: 貿易線路 knowledge: 知識 （have knowledge of: 具備.知識，可以引申為“了解，熟悉” traffic routes: 運輸線路 location: 位置 transshipment points: 轉運地inland centers: 內陸中心一、Transport Geography

4、運輸地理學 An international freight forwarder should be familiar with international trade routes. He or she should have knowledge of main traffic routes, location of ports, transshipment points and inland centers. 國際貨運代理人應熟悉國際貿易線路。他應該熟悉主要的交通線路，港口的位置，轉運地和內陸中心。 A freight forwarder should also have a genera

5、l idea of the pattern of international trade and its changing trends. pattern: 型式，模式 trend: 走向，方向，趨勢，傾向 一個貨運代理人應該對國際貿易的模式和其改變的趨勢有一個整體的概念。 namely: 即，就是，換句話說（that is） conference lines:班輪公會運輸non-conference lines:非班輪公會運輸non-vessel operating common carriers: 無營運船公共承運人tramp service:不定期船運輸（tramp: 在這里是指的“不定

6、期航行”）不同類型的海上運輸服務 二、Different Types of shipping services 不同類型的海上運輸服務 1、國際海洋運輸的類型 The international shipping market offers four types of service, namely, conference lines, non-conference lines, non-vessel operation common carriers and tramp service. 國際海上運輸市場提供了四種類型的服務，即班輪公會運輸，非班輪公會運輸，無營運船公共承運人和不定期船運輸s

7、hipping conference:班輪公會shipping lines: 班輪運輸operating: 運行的，操作的particular: 特殊的，特定的under agreement: 按照協(xié)議的，在這里引申為“預 定的”scheduled: 按船期表的tariff:費率表fixed:固定的itinerary:路線，旅行計劃ports of call: 掛靠港，?？扛?2、四種類型海洋運輸服務的具體介紹 1） Conference Lines 班輪公會運輸（考試重點） A shipping conference is a group of shipping lines operatin

8、g in any particular route under agreement to provide a scheduled service with a common tariff and a fixed itinerary of ports of call. 班輪公會是按預定的船期表在特定的航線上從事營運的班輪公司的組織，具有共同的費率表、固定的掛靠港。purpose:目的eliminate：消除，除去price competition: 運價競爭member lines: 會員公司reduce:減少outside competition: 外部競爭capture:獲得，爭取traff

9、ic: 在這里是“買賣，交易”的意思loyalty: 忠誠，忠實（loyalty arrangements: 忠誠協(xié)議）shipper:托運人 The purpose of a shipping conference is to eliminate price competition among member lines and reduce outside competition by trying to capture most of the traffic for member lines through loyalty arrangements with shippers. 班輪運輸的

10、目的是消除會員公司之間在運價上的競爭，通過與托運人之間達成的忠誠協(xié)議為會員爭取大量貨源，以減少外部競爭。對于托運人來說班輪公會運輸的優(yōu)勢（兩點）：a) Stability of freight rates.穩(wěn)定的運費率（注釋：stability: 穩(wěn)定，穩(wěn)定性）b) Regularity of services.定期的運輸服務（注釋：regularity:定期，規(guī)則，規(guī)則性） 班輪公會運輸的缺點（三點）：a) Rates are usually high. 費率一般很高b) Rates do not fluctuate according to supply and demand as in

11、a tramp service.費率不會像不定期船那樣隨供求關系的變化而變動。（注釋：fluctuate:變化，變動；supply and demand:供求）c) Rules and procedures are inflexible.規(guī)則和程序不靈活（rules:規(guī)則；procedure:程序，手續(xù)；inflexible:不靈活的）in recent years: 近幾年along: 沿著pose a challenge to: 對提出挑戰(zhàn)Attributable trbjtbl : 可歸于的（be attributable to: 可歸因于）containerization: 集裝箱運輸

12、，集裝箱化emergence:出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生independent carriers: 獨立承運人2） Non-conference lines 非班輪公會運輸 In recent years, along most international routes, non-conference lines have posed a challenge to conference system. This is attributable to the development of containerization and emergence of many independent carriers. 近

13、幾年，出現(xiàn)在大多數國際航線上的非班輪公會運輸，對班輪公會提出了挑戰(zhàn)。這是由于集裝箱運輸的發(fā)展和許多獨立承運人的出現(xiàn)。as a result:結果be forced to:被迫去做come to terms:達成協(xié)議，妥協(xié)，讓步in regard to: 關于term: 法 條款；術語；措辭；價錢（term的 復數形式）condition:條件 As a result, along some routes, the conference lines have been forced to come to terms with the non-conference lines in regard

14、to rates, and terms and condition of service. 結果航運公會被迫在運價、運輸條件上和非班輪公會公司達成協(xié)議。 3） Non-vessel operating common carrier (NVOCC) 無營運船公共承運人 An NVOCC is a carrier who operates a regular scheduled service. He does not own or operate the vessels by which sea transportation is provided. operate: 營運 vessel: 船舶

15、 sea transportation: 海上運輸 無船承運人是從事定期營運的承運人，但并不擁有或經營海上運輸所需的船舶。 Although the NVOCC is a carrier in his relationship with the actual shipper, he is a shipper in his relationship with the actual carrier.（考點） in relationship with: 與.的關系 盡管無船承運人相對于實際托運人是承運人，而相對于實際承運人是托運人。assume: 擔任，承擔principal: 負責人 functi

16、on: 職責，功能，作用，效力assume responsibility: 負責，承擔責任Ocean/MARINE carrier: 海洋承運人 He assumes the role of the principal and performs several functions. He assumes responsibility for ocean carriers, both conference and non-conference lines. （無船承運人）擔任負責人的角色并履行一些職責。(無船承運人)對海洋承運人負責，包括班輪運輸和非班輪運輸render: 給予，提出；呈遞；匯報

17、；開出(賬單等)groupage: 貨物合并裝運consolidation: 合并運輸 bargaining: 討價還價 negotiating rate: 談判價 He renders a useful service by providing groupage or consolidation services, particularly to small shippers who do not have much bargaining power in negotiating rates. （無船承運人）通過拼箱或者合并運輸業(yè)務提供有效的服務，特別是對那些在談判價格中沒有多少討價還價能力

18、的小的托運人。 4）Tramp service 不定期船運輸 Tramp service has no fixed itinerary or schedule and is operated on any route according to supply and demand. Tramp vessels are usually chartered at negotiated rates, particularly when the quantity of cargo is large. according to ：根據，按照 charter: 租賃，包租 不定期船運輸沒有固定的路線或者船期

19、表，根據供求情況在任何線路上營運。通常是在談判價格下租賃不定期船船舶，特別是當貨物的數量很大的時候。 貨運單證貨運單證三、Shipping documents 貨運單證 The documents commonly used in carriage of goods by sea are bills of lading,sea waybills, manifests, shipping notes, delivery orders and mates receipts. sea waybills: 海運單海運單 manifests: 艙單艙單 shipping notes: 托運單托運單 de

20、livery orders: 提貨單提貨單 mates receipts: 大副收據大副收據 海上貨物運輸常用的單證包括提單、海運單、艙單、托運單、提貨單和大副收據。 海運單(SEA WAYBILL)與空運單(AIR WAY BILL)一樣，與海運提單相比少了“物權憑證”這一重要特征。收貨人憑身份證明就可以提貨。如果收貨人提貨后拒付貨款，可能面臨錢、貨兩空的不利情況。 海運提單是物權憑證，誰合法持有誰就擁有貨物的所有權。買方必須在銀行贖單或承兌以后才能拿到提單，這樣在貨款上就有了保證。如果提單不清潔而買方不贖單，賣方仍舊握有提單，仍舊保有貨物的所有權，起碼不會出現(xiàn)錢、貨兩空。 托運單是托運人根

21、據貿易合同和信用證條款內容填制的， 向承運人或其代理辦理貨物托運的單證。承運人根據托運單內容，并結合船舶的航線、掛靠港、船期和艙位等條件考慮，認為合適后，即接受托運。 1、 Bill of lading 提單 （重要考點） The bill of lading by itself is not a contract of carriage as it is signed only by the carrier. However, it providesevidence of contract of carriage. It serves as a receiptfor goods delive

22、red to the carrier. evidence of contract of carriage：海上運輸合同的證明 serve as: 作為 receipt: 收據 提單本身不是運輸合同，因為它只是由承運人簽署的但是它是海上運輸合同的證明。提單是貨物交付給承運人的收據。 Besides, the bill of lading serves as a document of title enabling the goods to be transferred from the shipper to the consignee or any other party by endorsem

23、ent. besides: 另外 document of title: 物權憑證 endorsement: 背書 enable neb()l; en- 使能夠，使成為可能；授予權利 此外，提單還可作為物權憑證，通過背書，將貨物的所有權從托運人轉移到收貨人或者其他方手中。 Normally the marine bill of lading has three functions, namely： A. evidence of the contract of carriage B. a receipt of goods C. a document of title to the goods D.

24、 the contract of carriage 答案：ABC 分析：提單的三大功用是：海上貨物合同的運輸證明；貨物交付給承運人的收據；物權憑證 replacement: 代替，替換 traditional: 傳統(tǒng)的 non-negotiable: 不可轉讓的，不流通的 make out: 書寫，填寫 named: 指定的 allowed:承認的，允許的 proper: 正確的，適當的 identification: 證明 claim: 要求，主張 2、 Sea waybill 海運單 A sea waybill is the replacement of the traditional o

25、cean bill of lading. The waybill is a non-negotiable document and made out to a named consignee who is allowed, upon production of proper identification, to claim the goods without presenting the waybill. 海運單替代了傳統(tǒng)的海洋提單。海運單是一種不可流通的單證，且填寫了經承認的指定收貨人，在提供了貨物身份證明后，無須出示提單即可提貨。3、 Cargo manifest 貨物艙單 A cargo

26、 manifest provides information regarding cargo on board. A freight manifest gives information regarding freight rates, surcharges, rebates, etc. regarding: 關于 on board: 在船上，已裝船 freight rate: 運費 surcharge: 附加費 rebate: 折扣，回扣 貨物艙單提供已裝船貨物的信息。貨物艙單提供了運費，附加費，折扣等的信息。 The manifest is prepared by the carriers

27、 agent but the freight forwarder has to handle it while dealing with the customs and port authorities. handle: 處理，控制 deal with: 安排，處理 port authorities: 港務局 貨物艙單是由承運人代理準備的，但是貨運代理人必須持有貨物艙單與海關和港務局（辦理貨物進出口） 4、 Shipping note 托運單 （重要考點） A shipping note is issued by the shipper to the carrier requesting al

28、location of shipping space. 注釋：shipping note : = booking note 托運單 request: 要求，請求 allocation: 分配，安置 shipping space: 艙位 課文意思：托運單是托運人簽發(fā)給承運人要求分配艙位的單證。 It is a commitment on the part of the shipper to ship the goods and serves as the basis for the preparation of the bill of lading. commitment: 承諾，委托 prep

29、aration: 準備，預備 托運單是托運人委托運輸貨物，作為準備提單的基礎。歷年考題： 1）The shipping note is issued by the ( ) requesting allocation of shipping space. A. carrier to the agent B. carrier to the shipper C. shipper to the carrier D. carrier to the consignee 答案：C 分析：參考書中托運單的內容（shipping note）, 托運單是由托運人簽發(fā)給承運人要求分配艙位的單據。 2）A booki

30、ng note is a commitment on the part of the shipper to ship the goods and serves as the basis for the preparation of the bill of lading. () 答案：對 分析：托運單是由托運人根據買賣合同和信用證的有關內容向承運人或他的代理人辦理貨物運輸的書面憑證。經承運人或其代理人對該單的確認，即表示已接受這一委托，承運人與托運人之間對貨物運輸的相互關系即告建立。托運單是提單制作的基礎。 5、 Delivery order 提貨單 A delivery order is issued by the carrier or his agent to enable the consignee or his forwarding agent to take delivery of the cargo (import cargo) from the vessel. 提貨單是由承運人或其代理簽發(fā)給收貨人或其代理，使其能夠