冀教版八年級上冊英語知識點(diǎn)匯總

1、 冀教版八年級上冊英語語法點(diǎn)滴 1) leave的用法1.“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)”表示“離開某地”。例如：When did you leave Shanghai?你什么時候離開上海的？2.“l(fā)eave for+地點(diǎn)”表示“動身去某地”。例如：Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.下周五，愛麗斯要去倫敦了。3.“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)+for+地點(diǎn)”表示“離開某地去某地”。例如：Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?你為什么要離開上海去北京？2) 情態(tài)動詞should“應(yīng)該”學(xué)會使用should作為情態(tài)動詞用，常常表示

2、意外、驚奇、不能理解等，有“竟會”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什么來得這么晚？should有時表示應(yīng)當(dāng)做或發(fā)生的事，例如：We should help each other.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)互相幫助。我們在使用時要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1. 用于表示“應(yīng)該”或“不應(yīng)該”的概念。此時常指長輩教導(dǎo)或責(zé)備晚輩。例如：You should be here with clean hands. 你應(yīng)該把手洗干凈了再來。 2. 用于提出意見勸導(dǎo)別人。例如：You should go to the doctor if

3、 you feel ill. 如果你感覺不舒服，你最好去看醫(yī)生。3. 用于表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現(xiàn)的考點(diǎn)之一。例如：We should arrive by supper time. 我們在晚飯前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她隨時都可能來。 3) What.? 與 Which.?1. what 與 which 都是疑問代詞，都可以指人或事物，但是what僅用來詢問職業(yè)。如： What is your father?  你父親是干什么的？該句相當(dāng)于： What does your father do?Wha

4、t is your father's job?Which 指代的是特定范圍內(nèi)的某一個人。如： -Which is Peter?  哪個是皮特？ -The boy behind Mary.  瑪麗背后的那個男孩。2. What.?是泛指，所指的事物沒有范圍的限制；而 Which.?是特指，所指的事物有范圍的限制。如： What color do you like best?  （所有顏色）你最喜愛什么顏色？ Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? 

5、60;（有特定的范圍）你最喜愛哪一種顏色？3. what 與 which 后都可以接單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。如： Which pictures are from China?哪些圖片來自中國？4) 頻度副詞的位置1.常見的頻度副詞有以下這些： always（總是，一直） usually（通常） often（常常，經(jīng)常） sometimes（有時候） never（從不）2.頻度副詞的位置：a.放在連系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。如：David is often arrives late for school.大衛(wèi)上學(xué)經(jīng)常遲到。b.放在行為動詞前。如：We usually go to schoo

6、l at 7:10 every day.我們每天經(jīng)常在7：10去上學(xué)。c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾，用來表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。如：Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.有時我步行回家，有時我騎自行車。3.never放在句首時，主語、謂語動詞要倒裝。如：Never have I been there.我從沒到過那兒。5) every day 與 everyday1. every day作狀語，譯為“每一天”。如：We go to school at 7:10 every day.我們每天7：10去上學(xué)。I decide to read Englis

7、h every day.我決定每天讀英語。2. everyday 作定語，譯為“日常的”。She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚飯后在電視上看日常英語。What's your everyday activity?你的日?；顒邮鞘裁矗?) 什么是助動詞1.幫助主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語動詞詞組的詞叫助動詞（Auxiliary Verb）。被協(xié)助的動詞稱作主要動詞（Main Verb）。助動詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用，例如：He doesn't like English.他不喜歡英語。（doesn't是助動詞，無詞義；l

8、ike是主要動詞，有詞義）2.助動詞協(xié)助主要動詞完成以下功用，可以用來： a. 表示時態(tài)，例如：He is singing.他在唱歌。He has got married.他已結(jié)婚。 b. 表示語態(tài)，例如：He was sent to England.他被派往英國。 c. 構(gòu)成疑問句，例如：Do you like college life?你喜歡大學(xué)生活嗎？Did you study English before you came here?你來這兒之前學(xué)過英語嗎？ d. 與否定副詞not合用，構(gòu)成否定句，例如：I don't like him. 我不喜歡他。 e. 加強(qiáng)語氣，例如：D

9、o come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會。He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。3.最常用的助動詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would7) forget doing/to do與remember doing/to do1.forget to do忘記要去做某事。(未做)forget doing忘記做過某事。(已做)The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關(guān)了。(沒有

10、做關(guān)燈的動作)He forgot turning the light off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。 ( 已做過關(guān)燈的動作)Don't forget to come tomorrow.別忘了明天來。(to come動作未做)典型例題- The light in the office is still on.- Oh，I forgot_. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off答案：C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的動作沒有發(fā)生，因此用for

11、get to do sth.而forget doing sth表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實。此處不符合題意。2.remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做)remember doing記得做過某事 (已做)Remember to go to the post office after school.記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。Don't you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如e

12、asy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等： It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學(xué)兩門外語是很難的。2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我，你真是太好了。3.for 與of 的辨別方法：用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個句子。如果道理上通順用o

13、f，不通則用for。如： You are nice.(通順，所以應(yīng)用of)。 He is hard.(人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。)9) 對兩個句子的提問冀教英語在命題中有將對句子劃線提問這一題型取消的趨勢，現(xiàn)在采取的作法是對一個句子進(jìn)行自由提問。例如：句子：The boy in blue has three pens.提問：1.Who has three pens?2.Which boy has three pens?3.What does the boy in blue have?4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?很顯然，學(xué)生多了更多

14、的回答角度，也體現(xiàn)了考試的靈活性。再如：句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.提問：1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?4.With whom does he us

15、ually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?10) so、such與不定冠詞的使用1.so與不定冠詞a、an連用，結(jié)構(gòu)為“so+形容詞+a/an+名詞”。如：He is so funny a boy.Jim has so big a house.2.such與不定冠詞a、an連用，結(jié)構(gòu)為“such+a/an+形容詞

16、+名詞”。如：It is such a nice day.That was such an interesting story.11) 使用-ing分詞的幾種情況1.在進(jìn)行時態(tài)中。如：He is watching TV in the room.They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.2.在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在have fun/problems結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：We have fun learning English this term.They had p

17、roblems getting to the top of the mountain.4.在介詞后面。如：Thanks for helping me.Are you good at playing basketball.5.在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中：enjoy doing sth樂于做某事finish doing sth完成做某事feel like doing sth                 想要做某事stop doing sth 

18、;                     停止做某事forget doing sth                    忘記做過某事go on doing sth  

19、;                   繼續(xù)做某事remember doing sth                  記得做過某事like doing sth      

20、60;               喜歡做某事keep sb doing sth                   使某人一直做某事find sb doing sth        

21、60;          發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事see/hear/watch sb doing sth         看到/聽到/觀看某人做某事try doing sth                      

22、試圖做某事need doing sth                      需要做某事prefer doing sth                    寧愿做某事min

23、d doing sth                      介意做某事practice doing sth                  練習(xí)做某事be busy doing sth

24、0;                  忙于做某事can't help doing sth                禁不住做某事miss doing sth        &#

25、160;             錯過做某事 12) 英語中的“單數(shù)”1.主語的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，即可用“he,she,it”代替的。如：he, she, itmy friend,   his teacher,   our classroom,   Tom,   Mary's uncle2.名詞有單數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：man（單數(shù)）-men（復(fù)數(shù)）  

26、60;    banana（單數(shù)）-bananas（復(fù)數(shù)）3.動詞有原形，第三人稱單數(shù)形式，-ing分詞，過去式，過去分詞。如：go-goes-going-went-gone  work-works-working-worked-workedwatch-watches-watching-watched-watched當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的時候，謂語動詞必須用相應(yīng)的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：The boy wants to be a sales assistant. Our English teacher is from the US. Their

27、daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.13) 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成的幾種形式名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成可分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。I 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化1.一般在名詞詞尾加-s。如：pear-pears                   hamburger-hamburgersdesk-deskstree-trees2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x結(jié)尾的名詞，詞尾加-e

28、s。如：class-classes                 dish-disheswatch-watches                 box-boxes3.以字母-o結(jié)尾的某些名詞，詞尾加-es。如：potato-potatoes   

29、;            tomato-tomatoesNegro-Negroes                 hero-heroes4.以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞，將-y變?yōu)?i,再加-es。如：family-families        &

30、#160;      dictionary-dictionariescity-cities                   country-countries5.以字母-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞，將-f或-fe變?yōu)?v，再加-es。如：half-halves         &#

31、160;         leaf-leavesthief-thieves                 knife-knivesself-selves                 &

32、#160; wife-wiveslife-lives                   wolf-wolvesshelf-shelves                 loaf-loaves但是：scarf-scarves(fes)  

33、         roof-roofsserf-serfs                   gulf-gulfschief-chiefs                 pro

34、of-proofsbelief-beliefsII 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化1.將-oo改為-ee。如：foot-feet                     tooth-teeth2.將-man改為-men。如：man-men              &#

35、160;        woman-womenpoliceman-policemen           postman-postmen3.添加詞尾。如：child-children4.單復(fù)數(shù)同形。如：sheep-sheep                 &

36、#160; deer-deerfish-fish                     people-people5.表示“某國人”的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化。即“中日瑞不變英法變，其它國把-s加后面”。如：Chinese-Chinese               J

37、apanese-Japanese         Swiss-SwissEnglishman-Englishmen         Frenchman-FrenchmenAmerican-Americans           Australian-AustraliansCanadian-Canadians  

38、0;        Korean-KoreansRussian-Russians             Indian-Indians6.其它。如：mouse-miceapple tree-apple treesman teacher-men teachers  14) 雙寫最后一個字母的-ing分詞初中階段常見的有以下這些：1.letletting讓hithitting打、撞cutcu

39、tting切、割getgetting取、得到sitsitting坐forgetforgetting忘記putputting放setsetting設(shè)置babysitbabysitting      臨時受雇照顧嬰兒2.shopshopping購物triptripping絆stopstopping停止dropdropping放棄3.traveltravel(l)ing旅游swimswimming游泳runrunning跑步digdigging挖、掘beginbeginning開始preferpreferring   &

40、#160;   寧愿       planplanning           計劃15) 肯定句變否定句及疑問句要變化的一些詞1.some變?yōu)閍ny。如：There are some birds in the tree.There aren't any birds in the tree.但是，若在表示請邀請、請求的句子中，some可以不變。如：Would you like some orange juic

41、e?與此相關(guān)的一些不定代詞如something, somebody等也要進(jìn)行相應(yīng)變化。2.and變?yōu)閛r。如：I have a knife and a ruler.I don't have a knife or a ruler.3.a lot of (=lots of)變?yōu)閙any或much。如：They have a lot of friends.（可數(shù)名詞）They don't have many friends.There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可數(shù)名詞）There isn't much orange in the b

42、ottle.4.already變?yōu)閥et。如：I have been there already.I haven't been there yet.16) in與afterin 與 after 都可以表示時間，但二者有所區(qū)別。1.in 經(jīng)常用于將來時的句子中，以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)，表示將來一段時間。如：He will leave for Beijing in a week.一周后他會動身去北京。2.after 經(jīng)常用于過去時的句子中，以過去為起點(diǎn)，表示過去一段時間。如：He left for Beijing after a week.一周后他動身去了北京。不過，如果after后跟的是具體的時刻

43、，它也可用于將來時。如：We will finish the work after ten o'clock.十點(diǎn)后我們會完成工作的。3.注意區(qū)分以下的in的用法。I'll visit him in a week.一周后我會去拜訪他。I'll visit him twice in a week.一周內(nèi)我會去拜訪他兩次。17) 不定冠詞a與an的使用1.a 用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前。如：There is a "b" in the word "book".單詞book中有個字母b。類似的字母還有：b,c, d, g, j, k, p,

44、 q, t, u, v, w, y, z。She has a small knife.她有一把小刀。2.an 用于以元音音素開頭的單詞前。如：There is an "i" in the word "onion".單詞onion中有個字母i。類似的字母還有：a, e, f, h,i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。Do you have an umbrella?你有一把雨傘嗎？3.以元音字母開頭的單詞前面不一定都用an；以輔音字母開頭的單詞前面也不一定都用a。如：a useful booka universitya one-letter wor

45、d           an houran unclean umbrellaan honest person18) 如何表達(dá)英語中的“穿、戴”？英語中表示“穿、戴”的表達(dá)方法有好幾種，常見的有以下這些：1、put on 主要表達(dá)“穿”的動作。如： He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的狀態(tài)。如： The old man wears a pair of gl

46、asses.老人戴著一副眼鏡。 The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿著一條紅色的短裙。3、dress 可作及物動詞，有“給.穿衣”的意思，后接“人”，而不是“衣服”。如： Please dress the children right now.請立即給孩子們穿上衣服。 dress 也可作不及物動詞，表示衣著的習(xí)慣。如： The woman always dresses in green.那位婦女總是穿綠色的衣服。4、be in 表示穿著的狀態(tài)。如： John is in white today.約翰今天穿白色的衣服。 The man in black is

47、a football coach.19) a little, a few 與 a bit (of)   a little, a few 與 a bit (of) 都有“一些、少量”的意義。他們的區(qū)別在哪里呢？ 1. a little意為“一些、少量”，后接不可數(shù)名詞。如： There is a little water in the bottle.  瓶子里有一點(diǎn)水。 還可以接形容詞。如： He is a little shy.  他有些害羞。 2. a few 意為“一些、少數(shù)”，后接復(fù)數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞。如： There are a f

48、ew people in the room.  房間里有一些人。 3. a bit 意為“一點(diǎn)兒”，后接形容詞。如： It's a bit cold.  有點(diǎn)冷。 a bit of 后接不可數(shù)名詞。如： He has a bit of money.  他有一點(diǎn)兒錢。 4. a little 表肯定意義，little 表否定意義；a few 表肯定意義，few 表否定意義。如： There is a little soda in the glass.  杯子里有一點(diǎn)兒汽水。 There is little s

49、oda in the glass.  杯子里幾乎沒有汽水了。 I have a few Chinese friends.  我有一些中國朋友。 Few people like him.  幾乎沒有人喜歡他。 5. a little = a bit of, 后接不可數(shù)名詞； a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容詞，意為“有點(diǎn)兒”。25) other及其用法Other 及其相近的詞（組），如 others, the other, the others, another, any o

50、ther 等，一直是中學(xué)生朋友們比較困擾的問題，平常的考試、作業(yè)中經(jīng)常出錯。下面是它們的一些用法：1、other 指其余的人或物，所有格是 other's，復(fù)數(shù)形式是 others，the other 指“兩個人或物中的另一個”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是 the others，others 相當(dāng)于“other + 名詞”，所以不能充當(dāng)定語，修飾名詞。others指整體中去掉一部分后剩余的部分，但不是全部的，即 some.others （一些.其余的人.）。the others 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體中除去一部分后剩余的全部，即some.the others.2、another 泛指三個以上的不定數(shù)目中的“另外一

51、個”。由 an 和 other 合并構(gòu)成，所以不能和冠詞連用。another 修飾單數(shù)名詞，比如：another pencil. 3、any other 指除去本身以外的“任何其他的人或物”，后面要用名詞的單數(shù)形式。26) look 短語常見的look短語有以下這些：1.look at 朝.看Please look at the map of China.請看中國地圖。(look at=have a look at)2.look for 尋找The old man is looking for his dog.老人在尋找他的狗。3.look like 看起來像Nancy looks like

52、her mother.南?？雌饋硐袼赣H。4.look the same 看上去一樣Li Ping and Li Jing look the same.李萍和李晶看上去一樣。5.look up 查找Please look up the word in the dictionary.請在詞典中查找這個單詞。6.look over 仔細(xì)檢查The doctor looked over Mary carefully.醫(yī)生仔細(xì)檢查了瑪麗。7.look after 照顧，照看You must look after your old father.你必須照顧你的老父親。8.look around 到處尋找

53、、查看We looked around, but we found nothing strange.我們四處查看，但是我們沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)奇怪的東西。27) too，also與either1.too用于肯定句和疑問句，一般放在句尾，其前常加逗號。如：We are in the same school, too.我們也在相同的學(xué)校。Do you play soccer every day, too?你也每天踢足球嗎？2.also用于肯定句和疑問句，一般位于實義動詞前、be動詞后。如：Sandra is also a Korean student.Sandra 也是一個韓國學(xué)生。3.either用于否定句

54、，一般放在句末。如：They don't know the answer, either.她們也不知道答案。4.as well as也有“也”的意思。如：We have great mushroom pizza as well as soda.He is a happy boy as well.28) hard與hardly1.hard既可作形容詞，也可作副詞。如：It's a hard(adj.) question. (=difficult)這是一個難的問題。The boy studies very hard(adv.).那男孩學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。句子結(jié)構(gòu)：It's har

55、d for sb to do sth 做某事對某人來說是難的。如：It's hard for him to finish the work. 完成那項工作對他來說很難。注意區(qū)分：hard work 困難的工作work hard 努力工作2.hardly是頻度副詞，表示否定的意思。（=almost not）通常用在形容詞、副詞和動詞之前。如：I can hardly see it.我?guī)缀蹩床坏剿?9) sometime,sometimes,some time與some times1.sometime是時間副詞，指不確定的將來或過去某一點(diǎn)時間（某時候或任何時候），不指一段時間。如：We&

56、#39;ll go to Beijing sometime next month.我們下個月某一時候會去北京。2.sometimes是頻度副詞，指“有時”、“不時”的意思（=at times）。如：Sometimes I get up very late on Sunday morning.有時候我在星期天早晨起得很晚。3.some time是名詞詞組，指一段時間（一些時間或若干時間）。如：It took him some time to finish the book.她花了一些時間去完成作業(yè)。4.some times指“幾次”。如：He met the woman some times l

57、ast month.上個月他見過那婦女幾次。30) exercise的一些用法1.作不及物動詞，譯為“運(yùn)動，鍛煉”。如：David exercises every morning.大衛(wèi)每天早晨進(jìn)行鍛煉。2.作及物動詞，譯為“訓(xùn)練”。如：Swimming exercises the whole body.游泳能使身體得到全面的鍛煉。3.作名詞，譯為“體育鍛煉、運(yùn)動、體操、練習(xí)題”等。如：It's good to do eye exercises every day.每天做眼保鍵操對眼睛有好處。Please do more exercise from now on.從今以后請多做運(yùn)動吧。I

58、 have lots of homework to do tonight.今晚我有很多的作業(yè)要做。4.注意：exercise指具體運(yùn)動或體操時是可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式為exercises；泛指運(yùn)動時是不可數(shù)名詞。31) maybe與may be1.maybe是副詞，譯為“也許、可能”，相當(dāng)于“perhaps”。如：Maybe he can answer the question.也許他能回答那個問題。He maybe is from the USA, too.他可能也來自美國。2.may be中的may為情態(tài)動詞，譯為“可能是.”。如：He may be from the USA, too.他可能

59、也來自美國。She may be our English teacher.她可能是我們的英語老師。32) same與different1.same指“相同的”，前面通常要有一個定冠詞the，但是如果same前面已經(jīng)有this，those等詞，就不能再與the連用了。如：We are in the same class.我們在同一個班級。結(jié)構(gòu)：the same as與.一樣如：His mark is the same as mine.他的分?jǐn)?shù)和我的分?jǐn)?shù)一樣。2.different譯為“不同的”，其后的可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：We are in different classes.我們在不同的班

60、級。結(jié)構(gòu)：be different from與.不同如：This sweater is different from that one.這件毛衣與那一件不同。different的名詞形式為difference, 復(fù)數(shù)形式為differences。33) 動詞want的用法1.want sth. 想要某物They want some help.他們需要一些幫助。2.want sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事My father wants me to help him on the farm.我父親要我在農(nóng)場上幫他。3.want to do sth. 想要做某事I want to s

61、tudy English in England.我想要在英國學(xué)習(xí)英語。4.want doing 需要.Your sweater wants washing.你的運(yùn)動衣該洗了。34) be good(bad) for、be good at的相關(guān)用法1.be good for 對.有益Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操對你們的建康有益。2.be good at 擅長于.Li Ping is good at basketball.李平擅長于籃球。= Li Ping is good at playing basketball.李平擅長

62、于打籃球。be good at = do well in 如：I'm good at math. = I do well in math.我擅長于數(shù)學(xué)。3.be good to 對.好Parents are always good to their children.父母親總是對他們的孩子好。35) how many與how much1.how many表示“多少”，對數(shù)量提問，后面接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：There are four people in my family.-How many people are in your family?   你家里有幾個人？We have seven classes every day.-How many classes do you have every day?   你們每天上幾節(jié)課？2.how much也是表示“多少”，但它對不可數(shù)名詞進(jìn)行提問。如：There is some milk in the bottle.-How much milk is there in the bottle?   瓶子里有多