機(jī)械手外文翻譯

1、外文出處：Manufacturing Engineering and Technology MachiningManipulatorRobot developed in rece nt decades as high-tech automated producti on equipme nt. In dustrial robot is an importa nt branch of in dustrial robots. It features can be program med to perform tasks in a variety of expectati ons, in both

2、structure and performa nee a dvantages of their own people and machines, in particular, reflects the peoples intellig en ce a nd adaptability. The accuracy of robot operati ons and a variety of en vir onments the ability to complete the work in the field of national economy and there are broad p ros

3、pects for developme nt. With the developme nt of in dustrial automati on, there has be en CNC machi ning cen ter, it is in reduci ng labor in ten sity, while greatly improved lab or productivity. However, the upper and lower com mon in CNC machi ning processes material, usually still use manual or t

4、raditi onal relay-c on trolled semi-automatic device .The former time-cconsuming and labor in ten sive, in efficie nt; the latter due to desig n c omplexity, require morerelays, wiring complexity, vuln erability to body vibrati on in te rferen ce, while the existe nee of poor reliability, fault more

5、 maintenance problems and other issues. Programmable Logic Con troller PLC-c on trolled robot con trol system for materials up and dow n moveme nt is simple, circuit desig n is reas on able, with a stron g an ti-jam ming capability, en suri ng the systems reliability, reduced maintenance rate, and i

6、mprove work efficie ncy. Robot tech no logy related to mecha ni cs, mecha ni cs, elec trical hydraulic tech no logy, automatic con trol tech no logy, sen sor tech no logy and com puter tech no logy and other fields of scie nee, is a cross-discipli nary in tegrated tech nol ogy.First, an overview of

7、industrial manipulatorRobot is a kind of positi oning con trol can be automated and can be re-programm ed to cha nge in multi-f un cti onal mach ine, which has multiple degrees of freedom can be used to carry an object in order to complete the work in different environments. Lo w wages in Chi na, pl

8、astic products in dustry, although still a labor- in ten sive, mecha nica l hand use has become increasingly popular. Electronics and automotive industries tha t Europe and the Un ited States mult in atio nal compa nies very early in their factories in China, the in troduct ion of automated producti

9、 on. But now the cha nges are those foun d in in dustrial-inten sive South China, East Chin as coastal areas, local plastic processi ng pla nts have also emerged in mecha ni cal watches bega n to become in creas in gly inte rested in, because they have to face a high turnover rate of workers, as wel

10、l as for the workers to pay work-related injuries fee challe nges.With the rapid developme nt of Chin as in dustrial product ion, especially the refor m and ope ning up after the rapid in crease in the degree of automati on to achieve the w orkpiece han dli ng, steeri ng, tran smissi on or operati o

11、n of braz ing, spray gun, wren ches and other tools for process ing and assembly operati ons sin ce, which has more and mo re attracted our attention. Robot is to imitate the manual part of the action, according t o a give nprogram, track and requireme nts for automatic capture, han dli ng or operat

12、io n of the automatic mecha ni cal devices.In real life, you will find this a problem .In the mach ine shop, the process ing of p arts loadi ng time is not annoying, and labor productivity is not high, the cost of produ ction major, and sometimes man-made incidents will occur, resulting in processin

13、g we re injured. Think about what could replace it with the processing time of a tour as Ion g as there are a few people, and can operate 24 hours saturated human right? The ans wer is yes, but the robot can come to replace it.Product ion of mecha ni cal hand can in crease the automatio n level of p

14、roducti on a nd labor productivity; can reduce labor intensity, ensuring product quality, to achieve safe producti on; particularly in the high-temperature, high pressure, low temperature, low pressure, dust, explosive, toxic and radioactive gases such as poor en vir onment ca n replace the normal w

15、orking people. Here I would like to think of designing a robotto be used in actual producti on.Why would a robot desig ned to provide a pn eumatic power: pn eumatic robot refe rs to the compressed air as power source-drive n robot. With pressure-drive n and other en ergy-drive n comparis on have the

16、 follow ing adva ntages: 1. Air in exhaustible, used l ater discharged into the atmosphere, does not require recycli ng and disposal, do not p ollute the en vir onment. (Con cept of en vir onmen tal protect ion) 2. Air stick is small, th e pipeli ne pressure loss is small (typically less tha n aspha

17、lt gas path pressure drop of o n e-thousa ndth), to facilitate Ion g-dista nee tran sport. 3. Compressed air of the worki ng pressure is low (usually 4 to 8 kg / per square centimeter), and therefore moving the m aterial comp onents and manu facturi ng accuracy requireme nts can be lowered. 4. With

18、the hydraulic tran smissi on, compared to its faster acti on and react ion, which is one of the adva ntages pn eumatic outsta nding. 5. The air clea ner media, it will not dege nerat e, not easy to plug the pipeli ne. But there are also places where it fly in the oin tme nt:1. As the compressibility

19、 of air, resulting in poor aerodynamic stability of the work, re sulting in the implementing agencies as the precision of the velocity and not easily co n trolled. 2. As the use of low atmospheric pressure, the output power can not be too la rge; in order to in crease the output power is bound to th

20、e structure of the en tire pn eum atic system size in creased.With pn eumatic drive and compare with other en ergy sources drive has the follo wing adva ntages:Air in exhaustible, used later discharged into the atmosphere, without recycli ng a nd disposal, do not pollute the en vir onment. Accide nt

21、al or a small amount of leakage would not be a serious impact on product ion.Viscosity of air is small, the pipeline pressure loss also is very small, easy Iong-d ista nee tran sport.The lower work ing pressure of compressed air, pn eumatic comp onents and theref ore the material and manu facturi ng

22、 accuracy requireme nts can be lowered. In gen eral, reciprocating thrust in 1 to 2 tons pneumatic economy is better.Compared with the hydraulic tran smissi on, and its faster acti on and react ion, whi ch is one of the outsta nding merits of pn eumatic.Clea n air medium, it will not dege nerate, no

23、t easy to plug the pipeli ne. It can be s afely used in flammable, explosive and the dust big occasi ons.Also easy to realize automatic overload protect ion.Second, the composition, mechanical handRobot in the form of a variety of forms, some relatively simple, some more comp licated, but the basic

24、form is the same as the composition of the , Usually by the imple men ti ng age ncies, tran smissi on systems, con trol systems and auxiliary devices compo sed.1. Impleme nting age nciesMan ipulator execut ing age ncy by the han ds, wrists, arms, pillars. Hands are craw ling institutions, is used to

25、 clamp and release the workpiece, and similar to human fin gers, to complete the staffi ng of similar acti ons. Wrist and fin gers and the arm connect ing the comp onents can be up and dow n, left, and rotary moveme nt. A simple mecha n ical hand can not wrist. Pillars used to support the arm can al

26、so be made mobile as nee ded.2. Tran smissi onThe actuator to be achieved by the tran smissi on system. Sub-tra nsmissi on system common ly used mani pulator mecha ni cal tran smissi on, hydraulic tran smissi on, pn eum atic and electric power tran smissi on and other drive several forms.3. Control

27、SystemMan ipulator con trol systems mai n role is to con trol the robot accordi ng to certai n procedures, directi on, positi on, speed of action, a simple mecha ni cal hand is gen eral ly not set up a dedicated con trol system, using on ly trip switches, relays, con trol valve s and circuits can be

28、 achieved dynamic drive system control, so that implementing age n cies accord ing to the requireme nts of action. Acti on will have to use complex progra mmable robot con troller, the micro-computer con trol.Three, mechanical hand classification and characteristicsRobots are gen erally divided in t

29、o three categories: the first is the gen eral machi n ery does not require manual hand. It is an independent not affiliated with a particular host device. It can be programmed accordi ng to the n eeds of the task to complete the operati on of the provisi on s. It is characterized with ordinary mecha

30、 ni cal performa nee, also has general machinery, memory, intelligence ternary machinery. The second cate gory is the need to manually do it, called the operation of aircraft. It originated in the atom, military industry, first through the operation of machines to complete a particula r job, and lat

31、er developed to operate using radio sig nals to carry out detect ing mach ine s such as the Moon. Used in in dustrial man ipulator also fall in to this category. The thir d category is dedicated manipulator, the main subsidiary of the automatic machines or automatic lin es, to solve the mach ine up

32、and dow n the workpiece material and delive ry. This mechanical hand in foreign countries known as the Mechanical Hand, whic h is the host of services, from the host-driven; exception of a few outside the working procedures are gen erally fixed, and therefore special.Main features:First, mecha ni ca

33、l hand (the upper and lower material robot, assembly robot, hand ling robot, stack ing robot, help robot, vacuum han dli ng mach in es, vacuum suet ion era ne, labor-saving spreader, pneumatic balancer, etc.).Second, can tilever cranes (ca ntilever crane, electric cha in hoist crane, air bala nce th

34、e hanging, etc.)Third, rail-type transport system (hanging rail, light rail, single girder cranes, dou ble-beam crane)Man ipulator in the mecha ni zatio n and automati on of the product ion process deve loped a new type of device. In rece nt years, as electr onic tech no logy, especially comp uter e

35、xte nsive use of robot developme nt and product ion ofhigh-tech fields has become a rapidly developed a new tech no logy, which further promoted the developme nt of ro bot, allow ing robot to better achieved with the comb in ati on of mecha ni zati on and auto matio n.Although the robot is not as fl

36、exible as staff, but it has to the continuous duplicati on of work and labor, I do not know fatigue, not afraid of dan ger, the power sn atch we ight characteristics when compared with manual large, therefore, mechanical hand has bee n of great importa nce to many sectors, and in creas in gly has be

37、e n applied widely, f or example:(1) Machining the workpiece loading and unioading, especially in the automatic lathe, comb in ati on machi ne tool use is more com mon.(2) In the assembly operations are widely used in the electronics industry, it can be used to assemble printed circuit boards, in th

38、e machinery industry It can be used to assemble parts and comp onen ts.(3) The work ing con diti ons may be poor, monotono us, repetitive easy to sub-fati gue work ing en vir onment to replace huma n labor.(4) May be in dan gerous situati ons, such as military goods han dli ng, dan gerous g oods and

39、 hazardous materials removal and so on.(5) Uni verse and ocea n developme nt.(6) ,military engineering and biomedical research and testing.Help mecha ni cal han ds: also known as the bala ncer, bala nce suspe nded, labor-sa ving spreader, manual Transfer machine is a kind of weightlessness of manual

40、 load sy stem, a novel, time-sav ing tech no logy for material han dli ng operati ons booster equip ment, bel onging to kinds of non-sta ndard desig n of series products. Customer applicat ion n eeds, creati ng customized cases. Manual operati on of a simulatio n of the automat ic machinery, it can

41、be a fixed program draws、 handling objects or perform househo ld tools to accomplish certain specific actions. Application of robot can replace the pe ople engaged in monotonous、 repetitive or heavy manual labor, the mechanization a nd automati on of producti on, in stead of people in hazardous en v

42、ir onments manual op erati on, i mpro ving work ing con diti ons and en sure personal safety. The late 20th century, 40, the United States atomic energy experiment s, the first use of radioactive material han dli ng robot, huma n robot in a safe room to m an ipulate various operati ons and experime

43、ntati on. 50 years later, man ipulator and gra dually exte nded to in dustrial producti on sector, for the temperatures, polluted areas, a nd loading and unioading to take place the work piece material, but also as an auxiliar y device in automatic mach ine tools, mach ine tools, automatic product i

44、on lines and pr ocessing center applications, the completion of the upper and lower material, or From the library take place knife knife and so on according to fixed procedures for the repla cement operation. Robot body mainly by the hand and sports institutions. Agencies wi th the use of hands and

45、operati on of objects of differe nt occasi ons, ofte n there are cla mpi ng support and adsorptio n type of care. Moveme nt orga ns are gen erally hydraulic pneumatic electrical device drivers. Manipulator can be achieved independently retra ctable rotatio n and lift ing moveme nts, gen erally 2 to

46、3 degrees of freedom. Robots ar e widely used in metallurgical in dustry, machi nery manu facture, light in dustry and ato mic en ergy sectors.Can mimic some of the staff and arm motor function, a fixed procedure for the ca pture, han dli ng objects or operati ng tools, automatic operati on device.

47、It can replace h uma n labor in order to achieve the product ion of heavy mecha ni zati on and automati on that can operate in hazardous environments to protect the personal safety, which is wi dely used in machinery manufacturing, metallurgy, electronics, light industry and nucl ear power sectors.

48、Mecha ni cal hand tools or other equipme nt com monly used for addi tional devices, such as the automatic machines or automatic production line handling and tran smissi on of the workpiece, the replaceme nt of cutt ing tools in mach ining cent ers, etc. gen erally do not have a separate con trol dev

49、ice. Some operat ing devices requi re direct mani pulati on by huma ns; such as the atomic en ergy sector performs househo ld hazardous materials used in the master-slave manipulator is also often referred to as mecha ni cal hand.Manipulator mainly by hand and sports institutions. Task of hand is ho

50、lding the workpiece (or tool) comp onen ts, accord ing to grasp ing objects by shape, size, weight, material and operational requirements of a variety of structural forms, such as clamp t ype, type and adsorption-based care such as holding. Sports organizations, so that the completi on of a variety

51、of hand rotati on (swi ng), mobile or compo und moveme nts to achieve the required action, to change the location of objects by grasping and posture.Robot is the automated producti on of a kind used in the process of crawli ng and moving piece features automatic device, which is mecha ni zed and aut

52、omated producti on process developed a new type of device. In rece nt years, as electr onic tech no logy, especially computer exte nsive use of robot developme nt and producti on of high-tech f ields has become a rapidly developed a new tech no logy, which further promoted the d evelopme nt of robot

53、, allow ing robot to better achieved with the comb in ati on of mecha ni zati on and automati on. Robot can replace huma ns completed the risk of duplicati on of bori ng work, to reduce huma n labor inten sity and improve labor productivity.Man ipulator has bee n applied more and more widely, in the

54、 mach inery in dustry, i t can be used for parts assembly, work piece han dli ng, loadi ng and uni oadi ng, particul arly in the automation of CNC machine tools, modular machine tools more commonly used. At prese nt, the robot has developed into a FMS flexible manu facturi ng systems and flexible ma

55、nu facturi ng cell in an importa nt comp onent of the FMC. The mach ine tool equipme nt and mach inery in hand together con stitute a flexible manu facturi ng sy stem or a flexible manu facturi ng cell, it was adapted to small and medium volume pro ducti on, you can save a huge amount of the work pi

56、ece conv eyor device, compact, an d adaptable. When the work piece cha nges, flexible producti on system is very easy to change will help enterprises to continuously update the marketable variety, improve pr oduct quality, and better adapt to market competiti on. At prese nt, Chin as in dustrial ro

57、bot tech no logy and its engin eeri ng applicati on level and comparable to foreig n countri es there is a certain distanee, application and industrialization of the size of the low level of robot research and development of a direct impact on raising the level of auto matio n in China, from the eco

58、nomy, tech ni cal con siderati ons are very n ecessary. Ther efore, the study of mecha ni cal hand desig n is very mea nin gful.譯文：機(jī)械手機(jī)械手是近幾十年發(fā)展起來的一種高科技自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。工業(yè)機(jī)械手是工 業(yè)機(jī)器人的一個(gè)重要分支。它的特點(diǎn)是可通過編程來完成各種預(yù)期的作業(yè)任務(wù)， 在構(gòu)造和性能上兼有人和機(jī)器各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)， 尤其體現(xiàn)了人的智能和適應(yīng)性。機(jī)械 手作業(yè)的準(zhǔn)確性和各種環(huán)境中完成作業(yè)的能力， 在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)各領(lǐng)域有著廣闊的發(fā) 展前景。隨著工業(yè)自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了數(shù)控加工

59、中心，它在減輕工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度 的同時(shí),大大提高了勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率。但數(shù)控加工中常見的上下料工序，通常仍采用人 工操作或傳統(tǒng)繼電器控制的半自動(dòng)化裝置。前者費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)工、效率低；后者因設(shè)計(jì)復(fù)雜,需較多繼電器，接線繁雜，易受車體振動(dòng)干擾，而存在可靠性差、故障多、維 修困難等問題?？删幊绦蚩刂破?PLC控制的上下料機(jī)械手控制系統(tǒng)動(dòng)作簡便、 線路設(shè)計(jì)合理、具有較強(qiáng)的抗干擾能力，保證了系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的可靠性，降低了維修 率,提高了工作效率。機(jī)械手技術(shù)涉及到力學(xué)、機(jī)械學(xué)、電氣液壓技術(shù)、自動(dòng)控 制技術(shù)、傳感器技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)等科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，是一門跨學(xué)科綜合技術(shù)。一、工業(yè)機(jī)械手的概述機(jī)械手是一種能自動(dòng)化定位控制并可重新編程序以變動(dòng)的多功能機(jī)器，它有多個(gè)自由度，可用來搬運(yùn)物體以完成在各個(gè)不同環(huán)境中工作。 在工資水平較低的 中國，塑料制品行業(yè)盡管仍屬于勞動(dòng)力密集型，機(jī)械手的使用已經(jīng)越來越普及。 那些電子和汽車業(yè)的歐美跨國公司很早就在它們設(shè)在中國的工廠中引進(jìn)了自動(dòng) 化生產(chǎn)。但現(xiàn)在的變化是那些