兒童安全問題爸媽需掌握急救常識

1、*兒童安全問題爸媽需掌握急救常識春節(jié)時(shí)我們中國人最隆重的一個(gè)節(jié)日，家人團(tuán)聚，小朋友們可以盡情的玩耍，但是家長朋友們一定要注意孩子的安全問題，每年都會發(fā)生燙傷，骨折等意外情況，所以家長朋友們要學(xué)會一些急救常識。案例小頑童比武意外“掛彩”過年了，9 歲的小翰（化名 ）跟大半年未見面的表弟表妹們又團(tuán)聚了，加上鄰居家的小伙伴，這年過得真是熱鬧、開心。 一幫好奇又好動(dòng)的小頑童每天結(jié)伴都能玩出很多花樣來，前天下午，幾個(gè)小男孩決定玩“擂臺比武”的游戲，讓女孩子們充當(dāng)觀眾兼裁判。小頑童們用家里高高低低的凳子拼成了“擂臺”，才“擺”起來沒多久，小翰在上面與“對手” 過招時(shí)凳子突然移位打滑，他一不小心摔了下來，痛

2、得慘叫一聲，大人聞聲趕到時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)他不但磕破了嘴唇，還開始流鼻血。見到小翰突然“掛彩”，爸爸認(rèn)為孩子磕磕碰碰很正常，擦干血，讓他躺一躺就沒事了。可過了一陣子，小翰的鼻血還是止不住，媽媽心里很緊張，爺爺奶奶堅(jiān)持要馬上送孩子上醫(yī)院，嚇得本來一直強(qiáng)撐著裝鎮(zhèn)靜的小翰大哭起來，一家人慌得沒了主張。專家支招：學(xué)點(diǎn)急救常識，遇意外莫慌亂專家認(rèn)為，好奇好玩是孩子的天性，特別是生性好動(dòng)、喜歡打打鬧鬧的男孩子，磕磕碰碰更是常有的事。現(xiàn)在正值寒假，時(shí)間充裕，玩伴也多，更容易出現(xiàn)意外。家長除了提高防范意識外，最好學(xué)會一些急救常識，遇到小頑童磕磕碰碰“掛彩”時(shí)，一定要保持鎮(zhèn)定，不要緊張或哭泣，冷靜處理才能安撫已經(jīng)受傷的孩

3、子。在上醫(yī)院之前，如何及時(shí)處理孩子們?nèi)菀壮霈F(xiàn)的常見創(chuàng)傷，專家支招如下1 .小割傷和擦傷可以用肥皂及冷水洗凈傷口，檢查是否有殘留物留在傷口中，祛除殘留物確保傷口干凈。如果孩子摔在路面上，路面的灰塵會嵌到創(chuàng)傷處，這不僅容易造成傷口感染，而且會在傷口處留下永久的疤痕。這時(shí)， 應(yīng)用干凈的毛巾或消毒紙巾將傷口處的臟東西擦拭掉，即使寶寶哭著叫疼，也不能忽略這個(gè)步驟。有時(shí)家長喜歡馬上用雙氧水給孩子洗傷口，這樣做雖可以殺死細(xì)菌，但同時(shí)也破壞了幫助修復(fù)傷口的白細(xì)胞，會減緩傷口的愈合速度。任何皮膚創(chuàng)傷，即使僅僅是輕微的擦傷，也可能成為細(xì)菌和病毒侵入的窗口，因此建議使用醫(yī)院和藥店出售的抗菌藥膏。一旦涂抹了抗菌藥膏，

4、傷口被密封好，大多數(shù)情況下會在八小時(shí)內(nèi)就開始愈合。如果傷口所在處經(jīng)常和衣服摩擦，使用紗布或繃帶便很有必要。是否使用創(chuàng)可貼可根據(jù)傷口的形狀和大小來決定，并需每日更換。2 .大出血或傷口很深兒童的血管壁很薄，寬大的止血帶容易影響創(chuàng)傷處的血液循環(huán)，使肌肉組織無法得到足夠的血液供給，導(dǎo)致永久性傷害。其實(shí)，控制傷口出血的最好方法是直接壓迫，特別是將冰袋放在處理好的傷口上更有利于壓縮血管、減少血液流失。但如果觀察十分鐘后仍發(fā)現(xiàn)出血未停止，則應(yīng)盡快將孩子送到醫(yī)院找兒科醫(yī)生或急診醫(yī)生處理。如果創(chuàng)傷較嚴(yán)重，判斷有骨折的可能，則應(yīng)立刻撥打120,同時(shí)用紗布墊或其他消毒用品覆蓋傷口。3 .流鼻血孩子流鼻血時(shí)，切莫讓

5、孩子頭部向后傾斜，以免血液流入喉嚨發(fā)生窒息或嘔吐。正確的做法是讓孩子保持直立或頭部稍向前傾，最好讓孩子含個(gè)冰塊在嘴里，通過冷卻相關(guān)部位減慢鼻部血液的流動(dòng)。但不是所有的孩子都受得了嘴里放冰塊的處理方法，這時(shí)“冰鎮(zhèn)”鼻梁也同樣有效，即用冰塊冰敷鼻根及鼻頭510分 鐘，以幫助鼻子血管收縮，達(dá)到止血的效果。待血止住后，可以帶孩子到耳鼻喉科查明出血的位置及原因。若孩子出血的位置是在鼻腔的后處，則較不容易處理，需查明原因以防止下回再度出血。4 .燒傷或燙傷如果有衣物被粘貼在燒傷處，首先應(yīng)立即剝離衣物，以防衣物浸滿高溫油脂繼續(xù)灼燒皮膚。然后，馬上用涼水(注意不是冰凍的冷水)沖洗傷處至少5分鐘左右。如果是因化

6、學(xué)品造成的燒傷，用清水洗掉化學(xué)品。若沒有出現(xiàn)破裂的水泡，可以在燒傷處涂抹抗生素軟膏，覆蓋住傷處，并用干燥的紗布繃帶包扎傷口。如果水泡破裂或燒傷發(fā)生在關(guān)節(jié)處，則應(yīng)盡早上醫(yī)院治療，以免在孩子的皮膚上留下疤痕。The Spring Festival, we the Chinese one of the most grand festival, family reunion, the children can enjoy playing, but parents must pay attention to the child's safety, burn happens every year,

7、 broken, so parents friends want to learn some first aid knowledge.caseLittle urchin jousting accident "injured"The New Year, 9 years old little John (a pseudonym) to meet rectified not cousin cousin together again, plus the junior partner in the neighborhood, this year is really busy and

8、happy. A group of curious and active little urchin companion can be a lot of tricks to every day, the day before yesterday afternoon, a few small boys decided to play the game of "challenge tournament", let the girls act as the audience and the judges.Small street urchins with low stool sp

9、ell became a "ring" in the home, just "pendulum" rise didn't take long, little John and "rival" on our bench suddenly shift sliding, he accidentally fell down, pain cries, adults heard arrived, found that not only did he scraped his lips, also began to flow noseblee

10、d.See his little hands suddenly "injured", dad think children hashing is normal, dry blood, do not have a thing to let him lie down. But after a while, little John is bleeding or uncontrollable coughing, mother in mind very nervous, grandma and grandpa insisted that to send their children

11、to hospital immediately, frighten had been clamped outfit calm little John burst into tears, the family didn't advocate lie.Expert action: learn some first aid knowledge, any accident don't panicExperts believe that curiosity is the nature of children, fun especially natural disposition is a

12、ctive, likes to beat the boy, hashing is often the case. During the winter vacation, now enough time, playmates, also more prone to outside. Parents in addition to raising awareness, it is better to learn some emergency rescue, little urchin hashing "injured", be sure to keep calm, don'

13、;t be nervous, or cry, calm processing to placate has injured children.Before the hospital, how to timely handle children prone to the common trauma, experts recommend the following -1. The small cuts and scrapesCan wash the wound with soap and cold water, and check whether there is a residue in the

14、 wound, remove residues to ensure that the wound clean.If a child fell on the road, the road dust will be embedded into the wound, it is not only easy to cause wound infection, and will apply it to the wound left a permanent scar. At this time, the application of clean towel or paper towel to wipe t

15、he dirt from the wound disinfection, even if the baby cried and called ache, also cannot ignore this step.Sometimes parents like to wash the wound with hydrogen peroxide solution immediately, although to do so can kill bacteria, but also destroyed the help repair the wound of white blood cells, coul

16、d slow wound healing. Any skin injuries, even if only is only a slight abrade, could also become the window of the bacteria and viruses, so it is recommended to use hospitals and pharmacies sell antibiotic ointment. Once apply antibiotic ointment, and dress the wound is sealed, in most case, it will

17、 begin to heal within eight hours. If a wound is located and clothes often friction, it is necessary to use gauze or bandage. Whether to use band-aid can be decided according to the shape and size of the wound, and change daily.2. Bleeding or a wound is deepChildren hemal wall is thin, broad tourniq

18、uet easily affect the trauma of blood circulation, make muscle tissue can't get enough blood supply, causing permanent damage.In fact, is the best way to control bleeding direct pressure, especially ice packs on processing good wound is more advantageous to compress blood vessels, reduce blood l

19、oss. But if the watch still found the bleeding has not stopped after ten minutes, should the child to the hospital as soon as possible to find a pediatrician or emergency doctor processing.If severe trauma, determine the possibility of fracture, you should call 120 immediately, and cover the wound w

20、ith gauze pad or other disinfection products.3. The nose is bleedingWhen your child nosebleeds, don't let the children head tilted back, in order to avoid the blood flowing to the throat choking or vomiting. The right thing to do is to let children keep erect or head slightly forward, it is bett

21、er to let the child with an ice cube in your mouth, slow nasal blood flow by cooling the region associated. But not all the children stand mouth put ice treatment, at this time as well as "cold" bridge of the nose, with ice ice nasal root and nose for 5 10 minutes, to help the nose vasoconstriction, hemostatic effect. After being blood stopped, can bring the child to find out the location of the hemorrhage otolaryngology, and why. If children bleeding position is in the nasal cavity