英語(yǔ)句子概述

1、句子的種類句子的基本成分句子的結(jié)構(gòu)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句并列句并列句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 She arrived quite early. (事實(shí)事實(shí)) / She may have arrived now. (看法看法) 1一般疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句： Has the factory gone into production? Shall I turn on the TV? 2特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)句： Which colour do you prefer? How much is this table-cloth? 3選擇疑問(wèn)句：選擇疑問(wèn)句： 一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句 + or + 第二個(gè)選擇第二個(gè)選擇:

2、Are you an Englishman or an American? 特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句 + 選擇部分選擇部分: Which do you prefer, red wine or white? 4反意（或附加）疑問(wèn)句：反意（或附加）疑問(wèn)句： You are not going out today, are you? Yes, I am. / No, Im not.句子的種類 Be sure to get here before nine. You do it right now. what + 感嘆句：感嘆句： What a noble-hearted man he was! What

3、 good news it is! how + 感嘆句：感嘆句： How well she dances! How fast they are working!nounadj. / adv.To-infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主主語(yǔ)語(yǔ)謂謂語(yǔ)語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(間間)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(直直)VtV-linkViNoun / PronounThe + adjV-ing / to-infinitiveNoun clauseNoun / Pronoun / The + adjV-ing / to-infinitiveNoun clausebe / feel / see

4、m / lookappear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keeptaste / smell etc. nounpronounadj. / adv.To-infinitiveV-ing / V-edNoun clauseetc.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞She came/ My head aches.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)She likes English.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)She is happy主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 雙賓動(dòng)詞雙賓動(dòng)詞 間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)Sh

5、e gave John a bookShe bought a book for me.第一類：第一類：give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, lend, leave, tell, hand, return, write, pay, throw, allow, wish, teach, promise, owe, refuse等。第二類：等。第二類：make, buy, do, fetch, get, paint, play, save, spare, order, cook, sing, find等等主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

6、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)She makes her mother angryI hear him singing an English song.The teacher asked me to read the passage.簡(jiǎn)單句基本句型實(shí)例簡(jiǎn)單句基本句型實(shí)例附屬成分附屬成分定定 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearbyShe likes oranges imported from the USA.John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrationsHave you seen the book

7、on the desk?The boy playing over there is my brother.People there like sports.基本成分的修飾語(yǔ)?？梢允牵夯境煞值男揎椪Z(yǔ)?？梢允牵?定語(yǔ)：即用來(lái)修飾名詞定語(yǔ)：即用來(lái)修飾名詞/代詞的單代詞的單詞、短語(yǔ)或從句詞、短語(yǔ)或從句 狀語(yǔ)：即用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞以狀語(yǔ)：即用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、短語(yǔ)或從句。外的詞的單詞、短語(yǔ)或從句。John often came to chat with meJohn likes oranges very muchWhenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary

8、 very angryHearing the news, he jumped with joy.As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday.She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.Youd better stay here.狀狀 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的主語(yǔ)可以連詞兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的主語(yǔ)可以連詞and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut also等連詞連接等連

9、詞連接組成一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，但應(yīng)注意主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致性。組成一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，但應(yīng)注意主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致性。The boss is flying to Paris. His secretary is flying to Paris. The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris. Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.The boss is flying to Rome. His secretary is not flying to Rome. The boss but not his

10、secretary is flying to Rome.The boss may be flying to Berlin. His secretary may be flying to Berlin. Either the boss or his secretary is flying to Berlin.The boss is not flying to York. His secretary isnt flying to York. Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to York.主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的合并主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的合并兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單

11、句的賓語(yǔ)可由兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的賓語(yǔ)可由and、bothand等連詞連接組成等連詞連接組成一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。I met Jane. I met her husband.I met Jane and her husband.I met both Jane and her husband.It was cold. It was wet.It was cold and wet.I didnt meet Jane. I didnt meet her husband.I didnt meet either Jane or her husband. I met neither Jane nor her hu

12、sband.兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上限定動(dòng)詞也可合并為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上限定動(dòng)詞也可合并為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。We sang all night. We danced all night.We sang and danced all night.主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的合并主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的合并并列句并列句需把幾個(gè)意思連接在一起時(shí)，可用分號(hào)需把幾個(gè)意思連接在一起時(shí)，可用分號(hào)或把兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句用或把兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句用并列連詞并列連詞連接連接起來(lái)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)即構(gòu)成一個(gè)并列句。起來(lái)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)即構(gòu)成一個(gè)并列句。用分號(hào)：用分號(hào)：We fished all day; we didnt catch a thing.用分號(hào)，

13、后跟一個(gè)連接副詞：用分號(hào)，后跟一個(gè)連接副詞：We fished all day; however, we didnt catch a thing.用并列連詞（如用并列連詞（如and、but、so、yet等等）We fished all day, but (we) didnt catch a thing.并列句并列句常用并列連詞常用并列連詞coordinating conjunctionsl平行并列連詞平行并列連詞: l轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞：l因果并列連詞因果并列連詞: l選擇并列連詞選擇并列連詞:and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, and

14、 thenbut, however, while, yetfor, soor, eitheror, neither norExercise:請(qǐng)用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個(gè)并列句請(qǐng)用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個(gè)并列句。He was tired, so he went to bed.1. He was tired. He went to bed. 2. The child hid behind his mothers skirt. He was afraid of the dog.3. He made a promise. He didnt keep it.He made a pro

15、mise, but He didnt keep it. The child hid behind his mothers skirt, for he was afraid of the dog.由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或者一個(gè)以上從句所由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或者一個(gè)以上從句所構(gòu)成的句子。在英語(yǔ)書(shū)面語(yǔ)中應(yīng)用廣泛。構(gòu)成的句子。在英語(yǔ)書(shū)面語(yǔ)中應(yīng)用廣泛。主句是一個(gè)完整的句子主句是一個(gè)完整的句子,它可以獨(dú)立存在。它可以獨(dú)立存在。從句是一個(gè)不完整的句子從句是一個(gè)不完整的句子,它必須和一個(gè)它必須和一個(gè)主句連用，不能獨(dú)立存在。主句連用，不能獨(dú)立存在。復(fù)合句可以通過(guò)把兩個(gè)以上簡(jiǎn)單句連接復(fù)合句可以通過(guò)把兩個(gè)以上簡(jiǎn)單句連接在一起

16、構(gòu)成在一起構(gòu)成,但復(fù)合句的各組成部份并非但復(fù)合句的各組成部份并非同等重要，其中一個(gè)句子由引導(dǎo)詞引同等重要，其中一個(gè)句子由引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)（從句），用以修飾另一句子（主句）。導(dǎo)（從句），用以修飾另一句子（主句）。 復(fù)合句復(fù)合句 = 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 + 引導(dǎo)詞簡(jiǎn)單句引導(dǎo)詞簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 + 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞 +簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句He told me the news.that the match had been cancelled.賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)how much he was prepared to pay for my car.that I could

17、 have the money without delay.how much he was prepared topay for my car and that I couldhave the money without delay. when he was leaving for Paris.that his fathered was working in that school.賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 + 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞 +簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句I dont know him.He has finished his work that he ha

18、s finished his work.whether he has finished his work.賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句He is leaving for Washington.that he is leaving for Washington.when he is leaving for Washington.why he is leaving for Washington.how he is leaving for Washington.whether he is leaving for Washington.復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 + 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)

19、詞 +簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句the people surprised That What he saidwhat he did主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)That he didnt know the answerin the room.定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)who were sitting in the room.who were present.whose sons were at war.who had signed the contract.復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 + 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞 +簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句That is the fact.表表 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)what he needs.what he gave

20、 me.why he was late.what has happened.復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句 = 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 + 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞 +簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句He worked in that factorythree years ago.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where his father workedin that factorywhere I livedwhen he lived thereHis father worked there.I lived there.He lived there three years ago.復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句：復(fù)合句復(fù)合句與簡(jiǎn)單句

21、：復(fù)合句 = 簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句 + 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞 +簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句Put the book on the desk.where you took it.where it was.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)where you found it.You cant camp here.where there are a lot of trees.wherever you like.定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句 （Attributive ClauseAttributive Clause）名詞性從句（名詞性從句（Noun ClauseNoun Clause）狀語(yǔ)從句（狀語(yǔ)從句（Adverbial ClauseAdverbial C

22、lause）關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系副詞：關(guān)系副詞：that （主、賓、表；可指人或物）（主、賓、表；可指人或物）which（主、賓、表、定；只指物（主、賓、表、定；只指物）who （主、賓；只指人）（主、賓；只指人）whom （賓；只指人（賓；只指人） whose（定；可指人或物（定；可指人或物） as （主、賓）（主、賓） but（主）（主）when （時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）where （地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）why （原因狀語(yǔ)）（原因狀語(yǔ)）定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句 （Attributive ClauseAttributive Clause）as的用法的用法:1. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)非限制性

23、定語(yǔ)從句, 其先行詞多為整個(gè)主句其先行詞多為整個(gè)主句; as位置位置比較靈活比較靈活, 可位于主句前或主句后，還可以插入主句中。可位于主句前或主句后，還可以插入主句中。Eg.) As we all know (=_ ), smoking does harm to health.=Smoking does harm to health, as we all know.=Smoking, as we all know, does harm to health.= _ is known to all _ smoking does harm to health.As is often the case

24、,we have worked out the plan.As is known to allItthatHe passed the exam , _ we expected.He passed the exam, _ we didnt expect.aswhich2. 若先行詞前有若先行詞前有_ 作修飾語(yǔ)作修飾語(yǔ), 通常用通常用as 作關(guān)系代詞。作關(guān)系代詞。Eg.) Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem _ none of us worked out. Last term our maths t

25、eacher set so difficult an exam problem _ none of us worked it out. You should give the watch to Lily. This watch is the same _ she lost yesterday. Im going to buy the same watch _ he bought the other day. ( that; as; which; like )the same, so, suchasthatthatasit “介詞介詞+關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞 ” 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句句:Eg.) The

26、 palace _ I often pay a visit dates from the 17th century. The students, most _ are from the north, are not used to the winter in Shanghai. We all stood on the top of the high building, _ we could see the whole city.A. to which B. from that C. from where D. which to whichof whom介詞的選擇介詞的選擇: 一看先行詞一看先行

27、詞; 二看與從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配二看與從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配; 三看整個(gè)句子的意思三看整個(gè)句子的意思.關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)：關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)： 例例: He wont want to eat it unless hes really hungry, in _ case hell eat almost anything. A. what B. that C. whose D. whichEg.) Tom spent four years in college, during _ time he learned French. I called him by the wrong name, for _ mist

28、ake I should apologize.A mental patient is one _ mind is diseased.The students are working hard at English, _ _ _ _ is known to all. whichwhichwhosewhose importance importance/ the importance of which / of which the判斷關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞判斷關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞:Eg.) I still remember the day _ / _ _ we first met. Ill never

29、forget the day _ we spent together. That is the reason _ he explained to us for his action. The reason _ / _ _ he was fired was _ ( because, that ) he was careless. I like to take my vacation in the mountain, _ is quiet and beautiful. I like to take my vacation in the mountain, _ there are many plan

30、ts.whenon which (that/which)(that/which)whyfor whichthatwhichwhereIs there a bus stop around which I can take a No. 3 bus?_whereEg.) You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. (NMET 2004)A. why B. where C. what D. howwhere 用法知多少用法知多少: Where bees are, there is honey. ._ o

31、thers are weak, he is strong. Its none of your business where I spend my vacation. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句從句名詞性從句名詞性從句Ex.) Finally we reached _ was once an old temple _ the villagers used as a school. A. where; that B.what; where C. what; which D. there; whichWhere名詞性從句（名詞性從句（Noun ClauseNoun Clause） 主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句 （Su

32、bject Clause）表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句 ( Predicative Clause) 賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句 （Object Clause）同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句 （Appositive Clause） 主語(yǔ)從句1.主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞1).連接詞: that, whether 例:(1).That he will win is certain. (2).It has been reported that sales of beef in China will increase. (3).Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decide

33、d. (4).Whether he ll join us in the discussion is of great importance.2).連接代詞: who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever,whatever, whichever例: (1).It is clear who is afraid of having a change in land ownership. (2).Whose bag it is can not be told. (3).What India needs is a law to make land ownership fa

34、irer. (4).It is not yet decided which cash crop will be produced next year. (5).Whatever he said was right. (6).Whoever go there must get ready by 6 oclock.3).連接副詞: when, where, why, how, how many, how much how long, how soon, how often例:(1).When well start tomorrow will be told soon. (2).Where we c

35、an buy oxen is something we need to find out. (3).Why he came here is not known. (4).How we can protect the grain from damp needs to be discussed. (5).How many people died from starvation that year will never be known. (6).How often hell go to see his grandmother depends on the time he can spare.2.注

36、意點(diǎn)1).主語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句語(yǔ)序,即主語(yǔ)在前,謂 語(yǔ)在后. 例: 正: When he will come is not known. 誤: When will he come is not known.2).連接詞that在從句中無(wú)實(shí)際意義,但不能省略. 例: 正: That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true. 誤: He will not come to the meeting this evening is true.3).whether可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,但if不能.4).whoever, whatever, wh

37、ichever等詞可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句, 但no matter who, no matter what 等不能.5).為避免主語(yǔ)冗長(zhǎng),句子頭重腳輕,經(jīng)常用it作形式主語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)從句放在后面作真正的主語(yǔ). 例: It is well known/reported/thought/said/ that It is clear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/ that It is a pity/a shame/an honour/ that It doesnt matter whether/It seems that It happens that三.賓語(yǔ)從句1.賓語(yǔ)從句

38、的引導(dǎo)詞: 賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞相同.2.注意點(diǎn)1).賓語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句的語(yǔ)序.2).引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞that也無(wú)實(shí)際意義,多數(shù) 情況下可以省略.3).whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句 但: (1).當(dāng)whether后緊跟or not時(shí),不用if. 例: I dont know whether I will stay or not. (2).介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句不能用if. 例: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.4).that在賓語(yǔ)從句中的省略與保留 (1).在主+謂+it(形式賓語(yǔ))+賓補(bǔ)+that 從句(真正賓語(yǔ))

39、 的句型中不省略. 例: We must make it clear that we mean what we say. (2).由連詞and連接的兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo) 的賓語(yǔ)從句中,that 不省略. 例: He told me that he would come and that he would come on time.四.表語(yǔ)從句1.表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞: 基本上與主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同.連詞除了that, whether(不用if)外,還可以用because.在連系動(dòng)詞seem,look之后還可用as though (as if ). 例: (1).That is how mice ru

40、in many stores of grain every year. (2).The question was when the butcher was likely to come back from the town. (3).The fact remains that a change in land ownership is needed in India. (4).That is what he told us. (5).It seems as if it is going to rain. 2.注意點(diǎn)1). 表語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述句的語(yǔ)序.2).表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that無(wú)實(shí)際意義,但

41、不能省略.3).表語(yǔ)從句只能用whether,而不能用if 引導(dǎo).4).不要使用 The reason is because that 句型, 應(yīng)使用 The reason is that 或 This / it /that/ is because等句型.例如: 今天早上他遲到的原因是因?yàn)槁飞闲腥颂? 誤: The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road. 正: The reason why he was late this morning is th

42、at there was a lot of traffic on the road. 或:He was late this morning. That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.五.同位語(yǔ)從句1.同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞: that2.同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別: 如果that作從句中的某一成分,則是定語(yǔ)從句,如果that不作從句中的任何成分,則是同位語(yǔ)從句. 例: (1). I had no idea that it was so late. (主系表 結(jié)構(gòu),that 不作從句中的成分,同位語(yǔ)從句) (2).I still

43、 remember the place that we visited last year.(主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),that作從句中的賓 語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)從句)3.that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句前面的名詞常見(jiàn)的有: idea, fact, news, belief, thought, doubt, suggestion, proof,message, order, conclusion, desire, theory, truth,word 等.狀語(yǔ)從句（狀語(yǔ)從句（Adverbial ClauseAdverbial Clause）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句方式

44、狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 when, while, as ; the moment/minute/instant; immediately/directly/instantly; hardly/scarcely when; no soonerthanbefore, after;until/till, notuntil;as soon asevery/each/any/next/last timeonce, since地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 原因狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句w

45、here, whereverbecause, since, as; now (that), in that, seeing (that)方式狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 目的狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句as; as if, as though so/such that ; such that ;so thatin order that, so that, for fear that, lest, in caseif, unless; in case; as/ so long as; on condition tha

46、t; provided/providing; supposing/suppose; given; when, whilealthough, though; no matter +wh-/how, wh-ever/however; even if, even though; when, while，whether; than, as用用when, while或或as 填空填空:1. _ we were talking, Mr Smiths came in.2. _ they came home, I was cooking dinner.3. I was about to go to bed _

47、 I heard someone knock at t the door.4. _ we were watching TV, he was studying. 5. He is fat _ his brother is thin.6. _ she sang, tears ran down her face.Conclusion:A: 從句為從句為”當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候的時(shí)候”,從句謂語(yǔ)為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞從句謂語(yǔ)為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,主句謂語(yǔ)為非延主句謂語(yǔ)為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(即終止性動(dòng)詞即終止性動(dòng)詞), 三者可通用三者可通用.B 當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為終止性動(dòng)詞當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為終止性動(dòng)詞,只能用只能用when; 表示

48、表示”正在那時(shí)正在那時(shí)”, 也只能用也只能用when.C.從句和主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)從句和主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí), 只能用只能用while; while還還可作并列連詞可作并列連詞,表示表示”而而”. While/ As/ WhenwhenwhenWhilewhileAsD. 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí),只能用as, 譯為”一邊一邊; 隨著”Before與after:1.Finish your homework _ you go out to play.2.He had left the town the day _ she arrived.3.He had walke

49、d three days _ he found water.4.It was not long _ he left his hometown.5.I played football _ I (had) finished my homework6.Please tell her Ill come _ _ I do some shopping.7.It will not be long _ we meat each other again.afterafterConclusion:1. Before作為連詞, 有多種含義,必須根據(jù)上下文作出合理的判斷.2. Before與after所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

50、從句中, 用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí).4.Before引導(dǎo)的從句是過(guò)去式, 主句是過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí);. 主句為過(guò)去時(shí),after從句可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí).3. Before與after 還可作介詞,后接名詞或-ing形式.till 與until:1. He lived with his parents _ he graduated from college.He lived with his parents _ he graduated from college.2. Not _ he told me did I know the truth.2. Not _ he told me did

51、I know the truth.3. The children wont _ (come/ be) home until/ till its dark.3. The children wont _ (come/ be) home until/ till its dark.4. It was _ the war was over that he returned to his land.4. It was _ the war was over that he returned to his land.till/ untiluntilcomenot untilConclusion:1. 主句為肯

52、定句時(shí), 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.2. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用否定式.3. 位于句首時(shí).只能用until, 不用till.4. notuntil可改寫(xiě)為: It is/ was not until that強(qiáng)調(diào)句.”not+ until引導(dǎo)的從句, 一同置于強(qiáng)調(diào)句中.5. Till與until 還可作介詞,后接名詞. 如: I waited till/ until 3 oclock.其它的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句其它的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句:ill. 1. I_ (be) at his bedside since he _ (become) ill.2. It _ (be) two ye

53、ars since we _ (begin) to use this machine.3. _he saw the monster, he turned pale.4. The spy had _ returned home than he was told to go to another country.5. We had _returned home when it rained.6. _ had we begun when we told to stop.have beenbecameis/ has beenbeganThe moment/ minute/ As soon asNo s

54、oonerhardlyHardlyConclusion:1. Since表示表示”自從自從以來(lái)以來(lái)”, 以過(guò)去某一時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)以過(guò)去某一時(shí)間為起點(diǎn),持續(xù)到持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)候現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)候; since從句用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)從句用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài), 主句一般用現(xiàn)在主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)完成時(shí).2. It is/ has beensince句型句型.3. 表示表示”一一就就”, 可用可用the moment; the minute; the instant; as soon as, immediately/ directly/ instantly以及以及hardlywhen; no soonerthan

55、 等作為連詞等作為連詞.用because, as, since 與for填空:1. -Why are you crying, meg? - _ Ive broken your necklace, mom.2. I went to bed early _ I was tired.3. I was not kind to him _ he was poor.4. I was not kind to him, _ he was rude.5. _ I had a cold, I was absent from school.6. My mother was ill and I sent for To

56、m, _ he was a doctor.7. _ we are all here, lets begin our class.becausebecausebecausebecauseAsforSinceConclusion:判斷下列句子對(duì)錯(cuò):1. If I will have enough money next year, I will go to England.2. If I am to blame, you are to blame.3. Id be very glad if you would come.條件句的填空:1. If I_ (be) a bird, I would fly

57、 to you.2. If you _ (leave) home a little earlier this morning, you _ (catch) the bus.3. If the sun _ (rise) in the west, I _ _(change) my mind.4. _ he _ (fall) through the ice, he would have drowned.5. _ bad weather stops me, I jog every day.6. _ I have to sell my house, Ill help those poor childre

58、n to go on with their studies.7. Ill go _ you go.8. _ anything important happens, please call me up.werehad leftwould have caughtshould risewould changeHadfallenUnlessEven ifAs / so long asIn caseConclusion:1. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)時(shí).2. If 從句如果表示主語(yǔ)的意志,意愿, 或以you作主語(yǔ)表請(qǐng)求時(shí), 則用will或would.3. Unless不用于虛擬條件句.4. In

59、 case引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句; 而in case of后接sth. / doing sth.判斷下列句子類型判斷下列句子類型:1. You would let your children play where you can see them.2. You would let your children play in the place where you can see them.Conclusion:讓步狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句1. He went out, _ it was raining.2. _ they are poor, they buy a great many books.3. St

60、range _ it may seem, he remained single all his life.4. Child _ he is, he has learnt advanced mathematics.5. No matter _ happens, dont be discouraged.6. No matter _ you go, you must write to your parents.7. No matter _ hard he tried, he couldnt open the door.8. No matter _ you marry in the future, h