高中英語 虛擬語氣 新人教選修6

1、虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 The Subjunctive Mood語氣英語的動詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣：英語的動詞一般可帶有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用動詞的不同形式（有的還借助的語氣用動詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來表示。句法形式）來表示。語氣陳述語氣陳述語氣(The Indicative Mood)用來陳用來陳述一個事實，或提出一個看法，有肯定，述一個事實，或提出一個看法，有肯定，否定，疑問或感嘆等形式。否定，疑問或感嘆等形式。People get AIDS after having been infected with HI

2、V.Her mother did not know that she had AIDS until after Xiaohua was born.How should we act towards people who have AIDS?What a brave girl!語氣祈使語氣祈使語氣(The Imperative Mood)用用來表示請求，邀請，命令，警告或來表示請求，邀請，命令，警告或勸告等。勸告等。Let me do it.Please keep quiet in the reading room.虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式，一是一種特殊的動詞形式，

3、一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等事實，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等(在在條件條件從句中或從句中或讓步讓步狀語從句中狀語從句中)；一；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等建議等 (在賓語從句、表語從句、同位在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句語從句)。虛擬語氣的概念虛擬語氣虛擬語氣一、在條件從句中一、在條件從句中 (叫虛擬條件句叫虛擬條件句)，表表示與事實相反的條件。分三種情況示與事實相反的條件。分三種情況(以以 do 為例為例)：虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在條件從句中在條件從句中表示與事實表示與事實情況

4、相反情況相反條件從句的謂語形條件從句的謂語形式式主句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式表示現(xiàn)在情表示現(xiàn)在情況況過去式過去式(did)(be常用常用 were)Would / could / might / should +動詞動詞原形原形(do)表示過去情表示過去情況況過去完成式過去完成式(had +done)Would / could / might / should +have done表示將來情表示將來情況況過去式過去式 (did)(were)should + do were to doWould / could / might / should + do虛擬語氣虛擬語氣例句例句要是你早來幾分鐘的

5、話，你就能見到他了。要是你早來幾分鐘的話，你就能見到他了。 If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. (與與過去過去事實相反事實相反)2.明天要是天氣好的話，我來看你。明天要是天氣好的話，我來看你。 If it were(were to be/should be) sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. (與與將來將來事實可能相反事實可能相反)3.假如我是你的話，我現(xiàn)在就走。假如我是你的話，我現(xiàn)在就走。 If I were you, I would go now. (與

6、與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實相反，事實上我不可能是你事實相反，事實上我不可能是你)虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在條件從句中在條件從句中If + 主主 + did(were), 主主+would/should/could/might +動詞原形動詞原形If I were you, I would try it again.If he were free, he would go with you.1. 如果我是你，我會再試一次。如果我是你，我會再試一次。2.2.如果他有空，他會與你一起去的如果他有空，他會與你一起去的。3.3.如果我有一百萬美元，我會買下這架飛機。如果我有一百萬美元，我會買下這架飛機。If I ha

7、d one million dollars, I would buy the plane.與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件句If +主主 +had done sth, 主主+would/should/could/might +動詞完成式（動詞完成式（have done）If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination.1.1.如果他努力學(xué)的話，他就通過這次考試。如果他努力學(xué)的話，他就通過這次考試。If he had been there, he could have seen the filmIf I ha

8、d married her, I would have been unhappy.3.3.要是當(dāng)時我和她結(jié)了婚的話，那我是很不幸的。要是當(dāng)時我和她結(jié)了婚的話，那我是很不幸的。2.2.如果他那時在那兒的話，他就能看到那部電影了。如果他那時在那兒的話，他就能看到那部電影了。與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句( (通常有時間狀語通常有時間狀語) )If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it.2.If he were to come here tomorrow, I wou

9、ld tell him about it.3.If he should come tomorrow,I would tell him about it.1.1.如果他明天來的話如果他明天來的話, ,我會告訴他這件事我會告訴他這件事.If + 主主 + did(were to /should do), 主主+would/should/could/might +動詞原形動詞原形虛擬語氣虛擬語氣二、省略二、省略 if 的條件從句的條件從句當(dāng)從句中有當(dāng)從句中有 were, had 或或 should 時，可省略時，可省略if ，而把它們放在句首。而把它們放在句首。 If I were to meet

10、him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow, If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在條件從句中在條件從句中Had you come a few.Were I you, I would try it

11、 again. Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. If I were you, I would try it again.If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.虛擬語氣虛擬語氣三、錯綜時間的條件句（交叉虛擬）三、錯綜時間的條件句（交叉虛擬） 即從句與主句的

12、動作發(fā)生的時間不同。此時即從句與主句的動作發(fā)生的時間不同。此時，需要按時間來確定虛擬形式。如：，需要按時間來確定虛擬形式。如：If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他們以前努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，現(xiàn)在干的就如果他們以前努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，現(xiàn)在干的就會容易些。會容易些。 1. If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 如果他不聽取我的建議，他就不會干得這如果他不聽取我的建議，他就不會干得這樣好。樣好。 虛擬語氣在復(fù)合句中的應(yīng)用：虛擬語氣在

13、復(fù)合句中的應(yīng)用：If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.If it had rained last night (過去過去), it would be very cold today (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在).虛擬語氣虛擬語氣Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed2.It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the

14、boy.He would be still alive today if he _ that drug.A.not take B.shouldnt have takenC.didnt take D.hadnt takenExercisesIf you _tomorrow, you _find the new manager working in the office. A. should come; would B. would come; wouldC. will come; should D. comes; mightAIf the parents _at the hospital ear

15、lier after the accident, the child would have been saved.A. arrives B. arrive C. had arrived D. has arrivedCI didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had comeD If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from going .A. had been; wo

16、uld have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would prevent D. were; would have preventedAIf he _he _that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not have takenB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned

17、; had not takenBIf the doctor had come earlier, the poor child_.A. wouldnt be lying there for two hoursB. wouldnt have laid there for two hoursC. wouldnt have lied there for two hoursD. wouldnt have lain there for two hoursDIf you had told me in advance, I _him at the airport.A. would meet B. would

18、had meetC. would have met D. would have meetCIf there were not subjunctive mood, English _much easier.A. Will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would beD_the exam, he would have attend a college.A. If he passed B. Had he passedC. Were he passed D. If he should passB_five minutes earlier, y

19、ou could have seen them off.A. If you should arrive B. If you arriveC. Had you arrived D. Should you arriveC _it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Science Museum.A. Were B. should C. would D. willB 1. The boy who went swimming in the No- swimming Zone drowned in the river. If

20、 the boy hadnt gone swimming in the No-swimming Zone, he wouldnt have drowned in the river. Had the boy not gone swimming in the No-swimming Zone, he wouldnt have drowned in the river.2. Billy was badly bitten by mosquitoes because he forgot to use the mosquito net last night. If Billy had remembere

21、d to use the mosquitonet last night, he would not have been bitten by Had Billy remembered to use the mosquitonet last night, he would not have been bitten by3. The mother carelessly put the knife within the babys reach, and the baby cut herself while playing it. If the mother had carefully put the

22、knife out of the babys reach, the baby wouldnt have cut herself. Had the mother carefully put the knife out of the babys reach, the baby wouldnt have cut herself.4.The students got food-poisoning after eating the potatoes in the dining-room. If the students had not eaten the potatoes in the dinning-

23、room, they wouldnt have got food-poisoning. Had the students not eaten the potatoes in the dinning-room, they wouldnt have got food-poisoning.5. The parents put the thermos on the ground. Their son kicked it and got burnt. If the parents had put the thermos in a safe place, their son wouldnt have ki

24、cked it and got burnt. Had the parents put the thermos in a safe place, their son wouldnt have kicked it and got burnt.虛擬語氣虛擬語氣1、記?。哼@些動詞后面接的賓語從句：表示記住：這些動詞后面接的賓語從句：表示愿望愿望( wish), 建議建議(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ，要求要求(demand, request, require, insist), 命令命令(order, command)等。等。2、除除wish外，其它動詞用

25、外，其它動詞用should + do 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成, should 可以省略?？梢允÷?。3、 wish接賓語從句有三種情況：接賓語從句有三種情況： 1) 現(xiàn)在：用過去式現(xiàn)在：用過去式 2) 過去：用過去完成式過去：用過去完成式 (had done) 3) 將來：用情態(tài)動詞將來：用情態(tài)動詞(would / could) + do虛擬語氣在：虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中在賓語從句中 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣例句1.我希望她能站在我一邊。我希望她能站在我一邊。 I wish she would be on my side. 2.我但愿自己能年輕三十歲。我但愿自己能年輕三十歲。I wish I were 30 yea

26、rs younger.3.我希望你能找到一個好職業(yè)。我希望你能找到一個好職業(yè)。 I wish (that) you would get a good job.4.他想要是他沒這樣做該多好。他想要是他沒這樣做該多好。 He wished he hadnt done it. 5.他要求學(xué)生每周都要自己洗衣服。他要求學(xué)生每周都要自己洗衣服。 He ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves. 虛擬語氣在：虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中在賓語從句中 I wish I remembered the I w

27、ish I remembered the addressaddress. .我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）I wish he had not left.I wish he had not left.要是他沒有離開這里就好了。（他已離開）要是他沒有離開這里就好了。（他已離開）I wish it would rain tomorrow.I wish it would rain tomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（說話人以預(yù)料明天不會下雨）要是明天下雨就好了。（說話人以預(yù)料明天不會下雨）wish + that clausedid/werehad do

28、ne would / might /would dowish后面的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣后面的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣Exercises:“ Have you visited the Science Museum?”“ No, but I really wish I _.” A. had B. did C. have D. willAI didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _there.A. was B. were C. had been D. wentCI wish I _ you yesterday.A. see B. did see C. had se

29、en D. were to seeC The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_to it.A. hadnt gone B. havent goneC. didnt go D. could not have goneAHow I wish I _that! Everybody present was angry with me.A. didnt go B. hadnt done C. wouldnt do D. wasnt doingB-He is a brave man.-Yes, I wish I _his courage.A.

30、Have B. had C. will have D. would haveBTom can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _me how.A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teachD虛擬語氣虛擬語氣4、記?。河涀。篿nsist / suggest 各有兩種意思，要用不同的語氣各有兩種意思，要用不同的語氣Insist 表示表示“堅決要求堅決要求”時，用虛擬形式時，用虛擬形式，即，即 should + do;Insist

31、表示表示“堅稱，堅持說堅稱，堅持說”時，用陳述語氣時，用陳述語氣，表示事實。，表示事實。Suggest 表示表示“建議建議”時，用虛擬形式。時，用虛擬形式。Suggest 表示表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”時，用陳述語氣。時，用陳述語氣。例句例句The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老師老師建議建議我們課后把黑板擦了。我們課后把黑板擦了。 He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他他堅持要堅持要我們大

32、家想盡辦法按時去那兒。我們大家想盡辦法按時去那兒。 1) He insisted that he was right.虛擬語氣在：虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中在賓語從句中 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 在在would (had) rather(寧愿寧愿) 引導(dǎo)的賓語引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中從句中 當(dāng)從句表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼臅r間時當(dāng)從句表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼臅r間時,謂語動詞要謂語動詞要用一般過去時用一般過去時;表示過去時間時表示過去時間時,謂語動詞謂語動詞要用過去完成時。要用過去完成時。I would rather he/you came tomorrow than today.虛擬語氣在：虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中在賓語從句中

33、虛擬語氣虛擬語氣主句的主語常是表示說話人愿望(wish / desire)、建議(suggestion / advice) 要求(requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名詞，表語從句的謂語動詞用 (should) + do.Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在表語從句中在表語從句中虛擬語氣虛擬語氣同位語從句的同位語從句的先行詞先行詞常是表示說話人常是表示說話人愿望、愿望、建議、要求、命令建議、要求、命令等的名詞。等的名詞。 The suggestion t

34、hat students (should) learn something practical is worth considering. Do you know the order that you (should) take the task.虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在同位語從句中在同位語從句中虛擬語氣虛擬語氣在句型在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，中，that 后面的從句中的謂語后面的從句中的謂語動詞用：動詞用： should + 動詞原形動詞原形 例句例句 Its necessary that we

35、 should have a walk now. 我們有必要出去散散步。我們有必要出去散散步。 Its natural that she should do so. 她這樣做是很自然的。她這樣做是很自然的。1. Its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。重要的是我們要照顧好病人。 虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在主語從句中在主語從句中虛擬語氣虛擬語氣在在as if /though從句中，常用虛擬形式，即從句中，常用虛擬形式，即表示與表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用過去式現(xiàn)在事實相反，用過去式；與過去事實相反用

36、過與過去事實相反用過去完成式去完成式 (had done).一、一、as if 連接表語從句連接表語從句 She looked as if she were made of ice. 她看起來似乎是冰做的她看起來似乎是冰做的 He looked as if he hadnt slept for two days.二、二、as if 連接方式狀語從連接方式狀語從 句句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son. 她照顧這男孩就像自己的兒子一樣。她照顧這男孩就像自己的兒子一樣。He speaks to us as if he had be

37、en there. 他給我們講的好象他去過那兒。他給我們講的好象他去過那兒。 虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在在 as if 從句中從句中When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been brokenCThe actor is 58 years old. But he acts as if he _ a young man.A. is B. will be C. am D. wereDThe clouds are gett

38、ing darker and darker. It looks as if it _rain.A. is going to B. will C. was going to D. wouldA虛擬語氣虛擬語氣1. if only 意為：若是意為：若是.那該多好啊那該多好啊; 真希望真希望.; 只要只要, 只要只要.就好就好 表示現(xiàn)在的情況表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過去式應(yīng)用過去式; 如果是過去的情況如果是過去的情況,應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài)應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài) If only I had arrived in time!If only she didnt drive so fast.2. Its (high/ri

39、ght) time that that 從句要用虛擬語氣：謂語用從句要用虛擬語氣：謂語用過去時或過去時或should + do Its time that you left/should leave here.虛擬語氣中的幾個特例虛擬語氣中的幾個特例虛擬語氣虛擬語氣3. 一些介詞短語一些介詞短語, 如如:but for(要不是要不是), without, otherwise(否則否則), 等等表示含蓄的表示含蓄的條件條件,這時主句要用虛擬語氣這時主句要用虛擬語氣 Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. 虛擬語

40、氣中的幾個特例虛擬語氣中的幾個特例 I could not have fulfilled the task without your help. But for my brothers help, I would not have finished it on time.But for air and water, nothing could live. I had to go shopping,otherwise, I might have helped. 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣1. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B.

41、had listened C. should listen D. would listen2. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell3. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone虛擬語氣虛擬語氣4. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得飽吃得飽), though his parents feed him v

42、ery well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get5. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been6. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent虛擬語氣虛擬語氣7. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, b

43、ut I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had8. I dont think it is the right time that you _. A. will go B. went C. go D. must go9. 9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 12.(2003上海春季高考題上海春季高考題)Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ your advice. A.followedB.would follow C.had followed D.should follow 13.(2002上海高考題上海高考題)It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A.wouldnt have f