句子結(jié)構(gòu)的一致性

1、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)教學(xué):句子結(jié)構(gòu)的一致性一. 本課堂教育內(nèi)容:語(yǔ)法總結(jié):句子結(jié)構(gòu)的一致性二. 知識(shí)總結(jié)與歸納:（一）由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞做主語(yǔ):（1）這部分主語(yǔ)表示的是兩個(gè)人或兩件不同的事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。1. My brother and I have both seen that film.2. Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.3. The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.4. Reading, writing and arithme

2、tic are called the three Rs.5. Joe and Bob are smart.（2）這部分主語(yǔ)表示具有兩個(gè)身份或性質(zhì)的同一個(gè)人或一個(gè)完整的事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。1. The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.2. War and peace is a constant theme in history.3. One more knife and fork is needed.4. The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.5.

3、 Law and order has been established.6. Bread and butter is our daily food.7. Fish and chips is a popular fast food.8. The stars and stripes is the national flag of U.S.A.（3）這部分主語(yǔ)前面有each, every, many a, no 等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。1. Each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt.2. No sound and no voice i

4、s heard.3. Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.4. Every minute and every second is precious.（二）由連詞or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, 連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和離它最近的哪個(gè)名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)一致，這就是就近原則。1. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand.2. Neither he nor I have finished the experiment.

5、3. Not only his family but also he likes Chaplins movies.4. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather.5. George or Tom is wanted.注意:There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一個(gè)名詞的數(shù)決定。1. There arent any letters in the mail for you today.2. There is a lamp, two pens and three boo

6、ks on the desk.3. Here are some envelopes and paper for you.（三）名詞后面帶有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短語(yǔ)共同做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與這些短語(yǔ)前面的那個(gè)名詞的數(shù)一致。例句:1. All but one were here just now.2. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a

7、gift.3. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.4. You as well as I are wrong.5. The teacher, as much as the parents, is to blame for the accident.6. The factory with all its equipment has been burnt.（四）動(dòng)名詞，不定式，主語(yǔ)從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。1. Reading is a great pleasure in life

8、.2. To live means to create.3. That we need more time is obvious.4. What is needed is food and medicine.（五）表示時(shí)間，金錢，距離，重量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，被視為一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例句：1. Three thousand miles is a long distance.2. Fifty kilogrammes is not too heavy to be carried.3. Eight hours of sheep is enough.（六）限定詞短語(yǔ)all of;

9、none of; a lot of; 以及分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of .修飾名詞構(gòu)成的名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式由of 后面的名詞形式?jīng)Q定。例句：1. None of this money is yours.2. None of these suggestions are very helpful.3. I dont think any of us wants to work tomorrow.4. Is there any more of this stuff ?5. Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speakin

10、g countries.（七）集合名詞group, class, family, army, enemy, team等名詞的單，復(fù)數(shù)形式根據(jù)它們強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容而定。1. The class were all cheerful.2. The army is going to remain in this town.考點(diǎn)與解題思路主謂一致的考查在高考試題中主要體現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)選擇和短文改錯(cuò)兩個(gè)題型中。同學(xué)們?cè)诰毩?xí)和應(yīng)試時(shí)，遇到這樣的題時(shí)，要牢記主謂一致的三個(gè)基本原則。具體掌握住主語(yǔ)部分的一些關(guān)鍵性的詞匯?！镜湫屠}】單項(xiàng)選擇：1. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an im

11、portant part in daily communication.A. is playingB. have playedC. are playingD. play分析： A 帶有as well as 短語(yǔ)的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與這個(gè)名詞的人稱和數(shù)一致，不受as well as 短語(yǔ)內(nèi)容的影響。E-mail是單數(shù)形式。2. Is there anybody in the classroom ?No, the teacher, together with the students _ to the playground.A. goB. wentC. has goneD. have gone

12、分析：C本題考查的主謂一致的內(nèi)容與上一題相同，從句子的語(yǔ)境判斷，應(yīng)當(dāng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。3. Either John or his friends _ to blame for the bad results.A. areB. isC. wasD. has been分析：A eitheror.連接兩個(gè)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與離它最近的名詞的數(shù)和人稱一致，本題中his friends 決定了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。4. The conductor and composer _ by a crowd of people.A. are greetedB. is greetedC. greetsD. have b

13、een greeted分析：B 根據(jù)句意，主語(yǔ)部分的 The conductor and composer 是指一個(gè)人即：樂隊(duì)指揮兼作曲家，所以主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容是單數(shù)形式。5. The trousers _ you well, madam.But the color _ me. A. fit; dont suitB. fits; doesnt suitC. fits; dont suitD. fit; doesnt suit分析：D trousers, clothes, glasses,等名詞本身就是復(fù)數(shù)形式。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。color 是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。6. The Smiths famil

14、y, which _ rather a large one, _ very fond of their old house.A. were; wereB. was; wereC. were; wasD. was; was分析：B family指“家庭”為單數(shù)，指“家庭成員”為復(fù)數(shù)形式。第一空格前的which 指“家庭” 謂語(yǔ)用was. 第二空格后的fond of指“家庭成員喜歡他們的老房子”謂語(yǔ)為were 7. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.A. isB. are

15、C. have beenD. has been分析： D 當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句先行詞是“one of +復(fù)數(shù)形式”時(shí)， 其后的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。而當(dāng)one之前有the only時(shí)， 定語(yǔ)從句則強(qiáng)調(diào)the only one，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。另外，題目中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for three years表明從句的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。8. Three fifths of the police _ in the school near the town.A. has trainedB. have trainedC. has been trainedD. have been trained分析：D 分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，

16、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式由分?jǐn)?shù)所指的名詞的形式（可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞）決定，police 是集合名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式，根據(jù)句子意思，police 與train 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。短文改錯(cuò)片段：1. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.分析：本句中主語(yǔ)Now my picture and the prize是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is應(yīng)改為are.2. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at

17、 once.分析：本句第一行，根據(jù)全篇內(nèi)容的語(yǔ)境，應(yīng)當(dāng)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞talked改為talk.第二行：根據(jù)句意：我們下課后立刻又成了陌生人。Stranger應(yīng)當(dāng)與主語(yǔ)we一致，改為復(fù)數(shù)形式，strangers.3. But not all information are good to society.分析：主語(yǔ)information是不可數(shù)名詞，are應(yīng)改為is單項(xiàng)選擇：1. Every boy and girl as well as some teachers who _ to visit the museum _ asked to be at the school gate

18、before 6:30 in the morning.A. are; areB. is; isC. are; isD. is; are2. Sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and women _ a very shy girl with two bright eyes.A. wasB. areC. wereD. there was3. Mr. Bush, together with his wife and daughter _ going to Japan next week.A. areB. isC.

19、 will beD. would be4. Not the teacher but the students _ excited.A. isB. hasC. areD. have5. Not every one of the hundred students who took the test _ passed.A. hasB. haveC. isD. are6. John is _ of the students who _ able to get the first place.A. the one; areB. the only one; is C. one; isD. only one

20、; are7. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _ all that I can spare to talk with you.A. areB. wasC. isD. were8. Which of the books do you think _ best among the best-sellers.A. sellsB. sellC. is soldD. are sold9. Has everyone in your class passed the driving test ?No, _only Yang Lin and I who _p

21、assed.A. it was; hasB. there are; haveC. It is; haveD. it is; has10. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; isB. Two fifths; areC. Two fifth; areD. Two fifths; is完型填空：We may look at the world, around us, but somehow we manage not to see it until whatever we'v

22、e become used to suddenly disappears. 1 for example, the neatly-dressed woman I 2 to Seeor look aton my way to work each morning.For three years, no matter 3 the weather was like, she was always waiting at the bus stop around 8:00 a. m. On 4 days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves.

23、Summertime 5 out neat, belted cotton dresses and a hat pulled low over her sunglasses. 6 , she was an ordinary working woman. Of course, I 7 all this only after she was seen no more. It was then that I realized how 8 I expected to see her each morning. You might say I 9 her.“Did she have an accident

24、? Something 10 ?” I thought to myself about her 11 . Now that she was gone, I felt I had 12 her. I began to realize that part of our 13 life probably in-eludes such chance meetings with familiar 14 : the milkman you see at dawn, the woman who 15 walks her dog along the street every morning, the twin

25、 brothers you see at the library. Such people are 16 markers in our lives. They add weight to our 17 of place and belonging.Think about it. 18 , while walking to work, we mark where we are by 19 a certain building, why should we not mark where we are when we pass a familiar, though 20 , person?1. A.

26、 Make B. Take C. Give D. Have2. A. happened B. wanted C. used D. tried3. A. what B. how C. which D. when4. A. sunny B. rainy C. cloud D. snowy5. A. took B. brought C. carried D. turned6. A. Clearly B. Particularly C. Luckily D. Especially7. A. believed B. expressed C. remembered D. wondered8. A. lon

27、g B. often C. soon D. much9. A. respected B. missed C. praised D. admired10. A. better B. worse C. more D. less11. A. disappearance B. appearanceC. misfortune D. fortune12. A. forgotten B. lost C. known D. hurt13. A. happy B. enjoyable C. frequent D. daily14. A. friends B. strangers C. tourists D. g

28、uests15. A. regularly B. actually C. hardly D. probably16. A. common B. pleasant C. important D. faithful17. A. choice B. knowledge C. decision D. sense18. A. Because B. If C. Although D. However19. A. keeping B. changing C. passing D. mentioning20. A. unnamed B. unforgettableC. unbelievable D. unre

29、al閱讀理解What exactly is a lie ? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue ? Or is it something ore than ? for example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say, “I wish I could help you but Im short of money myself.” In fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in th

30、e habit of not paying his debts and you dont want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie ?Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better liars than men, particularly when telling

31、 a “white lie”, such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really think it looks terrible. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intentio

32、n of carrying out. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit（獲利）or gain in some day.Research has also been one into the way peoples behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways whe

33、n they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now.” They also tend to touch certain parts of the fave more often, in particular the nose. One expl

34、anation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch（癢）.Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book Manwatching calls “the mouth cover”. He

35、 says there are several typical forms of his, such as covering part of the mouth with fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious（無(wú)意識(shí)的）attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lyin

36、g. Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and in

37、 particular the context（情境）in which the lie is told.1. According to Professor Jellison, a “white lie” appears to be a lie _.A. that are told to mean the opposite.B. that a liar tells unconsciously.C. that the teller tells to profit or gain some advantage from it.D. which is harmless and told so as n

38、ot to hurt someone else.2. Research on lying suggests that women _.A. are more skilled at telling less serious lies than men doB. tell more lies than men doC. like to flatter（奉承）people more often than men doD. are better at telling lies at parties than men do3. One reason why people sometimes cover

39、their mouths while lying is that _.A. they wish those words had not come out of their mouths.B. mouth is very sensitive to physical changes caused by lying.C. they are trying unconsciously to stop themselves from telling lies.D. they regret that their lies might hurt other peoples feelings.4. We can

40、 realize from the passage that _.A. certain gestures can be used as proof to judge whether a speaker is lying or not.B. politicians and businessmen lie more often than ordinary people.C. some gestures are proofs of lying only if they occur too often.D. there is no simple way to judge if people tell

41、lies or not.短文改錯(cuò)My heart sank when I open the front door and saw1 _Mrs. Liu. Whatever she called, she stayed for hours 2 _and hours. But this time, she stayed for several hours3 _till nearly 6 oclock. I had had lots of homework4 _to do. I couldnt stand her more longer. So I tried 5 _to persuade her

42、leave without feeling unhappy. I 6 _asked her that her husband had got home from 7 _job, and maybe he was worried about her because it was so8 _late. But, instead of leaving, she was phoned her 9 _husband to come round, too. What unwelcome visitor! 10_參考答案單項(xiàng)選擇：1. C；who _ to visit the museum作為定語(yǔ)從句修飾s

43、ome teachers，some teachers在從句中做主語(yǔ)，是復(fù)數(shù)形式，全句的謂語(yǔ)_ asked與主語(yǔ)Every boy and girl保持一致，是單數(shù)形式2. A；主語(yǔ)部分Sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and women是動(dòng)名詞形式，是單數(shù)形式，3. B；主語(yǔ)部分Mr. Bush, together with his wife and daughter中核心主語(yǔ)是Mr. Bush4. C；Notbut做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式遵循就近原則。5. A；主語(yǔ)是Not every one of the hundred students who took the test，Not every one為核心主語(yǔ)。6. B；定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞部分有the only one of，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式7. C；ten minutes作為一個(gè)整體內(nèi)容，做主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式8. A；全句的主語(yǔ)是Which of the books，為單數(shù)形式。9. C；這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是全句的主語(yǔ)only