非謂語動詞高考考前復(fù)習課件

1、非謂語動詞非謂語動詞非謂語動詞非謂語動詞非謂語動詞非謂語動詞非謂語動詞就是非謂語動詞就是 _。充當除謂語之外的成分的動詞充當除謂語之外的成分的動詞 句句子子成成分分主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語表語表語定語定語狀語狀語補語補語基本成分基本成分(必不可少的必不可少的 成分成分)附加成分附加成分(擴展成分擴展成分)不是充當謂語的不是充當謂語的 成分成分句句子子成成分分主語主語謂語謂語賓語賓語表語表語定語定語狀語狀語補語補語這些成分一般是什么詞類充當？這些成分一般是什么詞類充當？名詞名詞這些有名詞特征的成分能用什么非謂語動詞充當？這些有名詞特征的成分能用什么非謂語動詞充當？動名詞動名詞和和不定式不定式表語

2、一般是什么詞類充當？表語一般是什么詞類充當？名詞、形容詞、介詞短語等多種詞類。名詞、形容詞、介詞短語等多種詞類。表語能用什么非謂語動詞充當？表語能用什么非謂語動詞充當？動名詞動名詞、不定式不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞補語一般是什么詞類充當？補語一般是什么詞類充當？名詞、形容詞、介詞短語等多種詞類。名詞、形容詞、介詞短語等多種詞類。補語能用什么非謂語動詞充當？補語能用什么非謂語動詞充當？不定式不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞 定語一般是什么詞類充當？定語一般是什么詞類充當？名詞、形容詞、介詞短語等多種詞類。名詞、形容詞、介詞短語等多種詞類。定語能用什么非謂語動詞充

3、當？定語能用什么非謂語動詞充當？動名詞動名詞、不定式不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞狀語一般是什么詞類充當？狀語一般是什么詞類充當？副詞、介詞短語副詞、介詞短語狀語能用什么非謂語動詞充當？狀語能用什么非謂語動詞充當？不定式不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞這些非謂語動詞分別能充當哪些成分？這些非謂語動詞分別能充當哪些成分？ 動名詞只能作主語、賓語、表語和定語；不定式能充動名詞只能作主語、賓語、表語和定語；不定式能充當各種成分；現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞不能作主語和賓語。當各種成分；現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞不能作主語和賓語。完成下列句子：完成下列句子：1. _ (那么那么 多多人人看

4、著看著她她), she felt very nervous. (look) 2. _ (他們所他們所有有 的的作業(yè)作業(yè)做完做完了了), the children went out to play. (finish)3. _ (沒有什么沒有什么有有 趣的事趣的事可做可做), he went to bed early. (do)With so many people looking at herWith all their homework finishedWith nothing interesting to do分析：分析：“看看”與與 “felt”同時發(fā)生，且是主動的。同時發(fā)生，且是主動的。

5、分析：分析：“做完做完”先于先于 “went”發(fā)生，且是被動的。發(fā)生，且是被動的。分析：分析：“可做可做”是是went之后發(fā)生，且是主動的。之后發(fā)生，且是主動的。想一想：想一想：依句意待完成部分在句中說明主句的依句意待完成部分在句中說明主句的什么？什么？伴隨狀語用什么結(jié)構(gòu)表達？伴隨狀語用什么結(jié)構(gòu)表達？“ “看看” ”的邏輯主語是主句主語嗎？的邏輯主語是主句主語嗎？“ “做完做完” ”的邏輯主語是主句主語嗎？的邏輯主語是主句主語嗎？想一想：想一想：依句意待完成部分在句中說明主句的依句意待完成部分在句中說明主句的什么？什么？伴隨狀語用什么結(jié)構(gòu)表達？伴隨狀語用什么結(jié)構(gòu)表達？“ “看看” ”是什么樣的

6、動作是什么樣的動作已完成、正發(fā)生還是未已完成、正發(fā)生還是未開始？開始？“ “做完做完” ”是什么樣的動作是什么樣的動作已完成、正發(fā)生還是未已完成、正發(fā)生還是未開始？開始？想一想：想一想：依句意待完成部分在句中說明主句依句意待完成部分在句中說明主句的什么？的什么？“ “可做可做” ”是什么樣的動作是什么樣的動作已完成、正發(fā)生還是未開已完成、正發(fā)生還是未開始？始？“ “可做可做” ”的邏輯主語是什么？是執(zhí)行者還是承的邏輯主語是什么？是執(zhí)行者還是承受者？受者？概念概念 根據(jù)剛才的完成句子題可知，英根據(jù)剛才的完成句子題可知，英語中的動詞根據(jù)它們在句子中的作用語中的動詞根據(jù)它們在句子中的作用分為謂語動詞

7、和非謂語動詞，因此，分為謂語動詞和非謂語動詞，因此，顧名思義，非謂語動詞就是那些在句顧名思義，非謂語動詞就是那些在句子中不是用作謂語成分的動詞。它們子中不是用作謂語成分的動詞。它們可能是可能是不同類別不同類別的不同形式，用作主的不同形式，用作主語、賓語、表語、補語、定語和狀語語、賓語、表語、補語、定語和狀語等等不同成分不同成分。_ 那些在句子中不是那些在句子中不是用作謂語成分的動詞用作謂語成分的動詞幫你 歸納特點特點1、不能單獨作謂語，但非謂語動詞既然是、不能單獨作謂語，但非謂語動詞既然是 動詞，就有動詞的特征動詞，就有動詞的特征可以有自己可以有自己 的邏輯主語，還可以有自己的賓語、表的邏輯主

8、語，還可以有自己的賓語、表 語、補語和狀語：語、補語和狀語： Both his parents laid off, he lives a poor life.2、雖然因不作謂語而沒有人稱、數(shù)的限定、雖然因不作謂語而沒有人稱、數(shù)的限定 和語氣的變化，但有體現(xiàn)時間關(guān)系的各和語氣的變化，但有體現(xiàn)時間關(guān)系的各 種體的變化和體現(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系的被動語態(tài)種體的變化和體現(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系的被動語態(tài) 變化形式。變化形式。 Having been punished, he seemed annoyed._Both his parents laid offHaving been punished_助你 小結(jié)種類非謂語動詞非謂語

9、動詞1. 不定式不定式2. 動名詞動名詞 3. 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞4. 過去分詞過去分詞根據(jù)基本形式，非謂語動詞可以分為：根據(jù)基本形式，非謂語動詞可以分為：1. 不定式：帶不定式：帶to或不帶或不帶to 的原形動詞的某種體的原形動詞的某種體 (to) do, (to) be done; (to) be doing; (to) have done, (to) have been done; (to) have been doing 不定式不定式1） 除了不能單獨用作謂語外，不定式可以用作除了不能單獨用作謂語外，不定式可以用作 其它各種成分其它各種成分 主語、賓語、表語、定語、主語、賓語、表語、定語

10、、 狀語和補語；狀語和補語；特點：特點：2）時間關(guān)系方面有不同的體的變化）時間關(guān)系方面有不同的體的變化 一般體、一般體、 進行體、完成體和完成進行體；邏輯關(guān)系進行體、完成體和完成進行體；邏輯關(guān)系 除了進行體和完成進行體外，其它體有被動除了進行體和完成進行體外，其它體有被動 語態(tài)形式。語態(tài)形式。 主語、賓語、表語、定語、主語、賓語、表語、定語、 狀語和補語狀語和補語有不同的體的變化有不同的體的變化 有被動有被動 語態(tài)形式語態(tài)形式時間關(guān)系時間關(guān)系_邏輯關(guān)系邏輯關(guān)系助你 小結(jié)2. 動名詞：顧名思義，就是有動詞特征但起名詞動名詞：顧名思義，就是有動詞特征但起名詞 作用的非謂語動詞形式作用的非謂語動詞形

11、式(原形動詞的各種體原形動詞的各種體+ ing) doing, being done; having done, having been done; having been doing特點：特點：1）因為在句子中只起名詞作用，故動名詞只能）因為在句子中只起名詞作用，故動名詞只能 用作名詞能充當?shù)某煞钟米髅~能充當?shù)某煞?主語、賓語、表語主語、賓語、表語 和定語；和定語； 主語、賓語、表語主語、賓語、表語 和定語和定語 _ _2）時間關(guān)系方面：有不同的體的變化）時間關(guān)系方面：有不同的體的變化 一般體、一般體、 完成體和完成進行體；邏輯關(guān)系方面：除了完成體和完成進行體；邏輯關(guān)系方面：除了 完成進行

12、體外，其它體有被動語態(tài)形式。完成進行體外，其它體有被動語態(tài)形式。having been doing時間關(guān)系時間關(guān)系邏輯關(guān)系邏輯關(guān)系動名詞助你 小結(jié)3. 現(xiàn)在分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞：-ing形式的非謂語動詞在句子中起形式的非謂語動詞在句子中起 名詞作用時為動名詞，而在句子中起其它作用名詞作用時為動名詞，而在句子中起其它作用 時是現(xiàn)在分詞。形式與動名詞相同：時是現(xiàn)在分詞。形式與動名詞相同： doing, being done; having done, having been done; having been doing現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞特點：特點：1）因為在句子中不能起名詞作用，故現(xiàn)在分詞）因為在句子中

13、不能起名詞作用，故現(xiàn)在分詞 能充當?shù)某煞种挥斜碚Z、定語、狀語和補語；能充當?shù)某煞种挥斜碚Z、定語、狀語和補語；2）時間關(guān)系方面：有不同的體的變化）時間關(guān)系方面：有不同的體的變化 一般體、一般體、 完成體和完成進行體；邏輯關(guān)系方面：除了完成體和完成進行體；邏輯關(guān)系方面：除了 完成進行體外，其它體有被動語態(tài)形式。完成進行體外，其它體有被動語態(tài)形式。表語、定語、狀語和補語表語、定語、狀語和補語時間關(guān)系時間關(guān)系邏輯關(guān)系邏輯關(guān)系現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞助你 小結(jié)4. 過去分詞：在句子中用作表語、定語、狀語和過去分詞：在句子中用作表語、定語、狀語和 補語表示已經(jīng)完成的情況或已完成的被動情況補語表示已經(jīng)完成的情況或已

14、完成的被動情況 時用的非謂語動詞形式時用的非謂語動詞形式 done (只一種形式只一種形式)過去分詞過去分詞 表示已經(jīng)完成的情況或已完成的被動情況表示已經(jīng)完成的情況或已完成的被動情況特點：特點：1）因為在句子中不能起名詞作用，故過去分詞）因為在句子中不能起名詞作用，故過去分詞 能充當?shù)某煞种挥斜碚Z、定語、狀語和補語；能充當?shù)某煞种挥斜碚Z、定語、狀語和補語；2）時間關(guān)系方面：一般表示已經(jīng)完成的情況；）時間關(guān)系方面：一般表示已經(jīng)完成的情況； 邏輯關(guān)系方面：及物動詞的過去分詞多表示邏輯關(guān)系方面：及物動詞的過去分詞多表示 被動，不及物動詞的過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成被動，不及物動詞的過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成 的

15、情況。的情況。過去分詞過去分詞時間關(guān)系時間關(guān)系邏輯關(guān)系邏輯關(guān)系 _ _助你 小結(jié) 四種非謂語動詞的形式四種非謂語動詞的形式助你 小結(jié)非謂語動詞的作 用主語主語賓語賓語表語表語賓補賓補定語定語狀語狀語一、能用作一、能用作主語主語的非謂語動詞的非謂語動詞1. 不定式不定式(短語短語) To “think outside the box ” is to try new ways to solve a problem. With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more importa

16、nt to have a good knowledge of English. Is it possible to be best friends even if you are thousands of miles apart? It is also thought to be a sign of good taste to say something nice about those things._ 不定式短語作主語多置于句末，而在主語的位置用不定式短語作主語多置于句末，而在主語的位置用it作形式主語，而且當不定式有某特定的執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行動作作形式主語，而且當不定式有某特定的執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行動作時

17、，應(yīng)在不定式前面加上時，應(yīng)在不定式前面加上 for + 執(zhí)行者或執(zhí)行者或of + 執(zhí)行者。執(zhí)行者。 _2. 動名詞動名詞(短語短語) Taking exercise early in the morning has become part of her retired life._ Do you think it is necessary for a foreigner to master Chinese? Why do you think it is foolish of him to shout at his boss? _ _ 動名詞短語作主語表示特定的對象進行或承受的動名詞短語作主語表

18、示特定的對象進行或承受的行為時，其前面應(yīng)加上該動名詞的執(zhí)行者或承受者作其行為時，其前面應(yīng)加上該動名詞的執(zhí)行者或承受者作其邏輯主語，該邏輯主語可以是名詞的普通格、所有格或邏輯主語，該邏輯主語可以是名詞的普通格、所有格或形容詞性的物主代詞形容詞性的物主代詞(作賓語時可用賓格代詞作賓語時可用賓格代詞)：Peters coming late made the president angry.Your passing the exam will please all your family._ _ _二、能用作二、能用作賓語賓語的非謂語動詞的非謂語動詞1. 不定式不定式(短語短語) When you a

19、re finished with the electric iron, dont forget _ (關(guān)掉它關(guān)掉它). (turn) (09湖北湖北) If you are feeling down, or if you are having a problem, fair-weather friends dont want to spend time or talk with you. I try to read as many books and magazines as I can find about Canada. I was pleased that the manager had

20、 decided not to be angry with me for having been so rude. to turn it off 不定式不定式(短語短語)作賓語包括：作賓語包括：1. )(牢記哦) 直接用帶直接用帶toto的不定式作賓語的動詞有的不定式作賓語的動詞有：助你 小結(jié) afford (負擔得起) / agree (同意) / aim (目的是) / apply (申請) / appear (好象/似乎) / arrange (安排) / ask (要求) / bother (煩惱/操心) / care (愿意) / choose (選擇) / dare (敢) / d

21、ecide (決定) /demand (要求) /desire (想要/愿望) /determine (決定) / select (選擇) /endeavor (努力/盡力/ 力圖) / expect (盼望) / fail (未能、沒有) /happen (碰巧) / help (有助于) / hesitate (猶豫) / hope (希望) / intend (意圖/想) / learn (學會) / long (渴望) / manage (設(shè)法) / mean (意圖/打算) / offer (主動提出) /plan(打算、計劃) /prepare (準備)/pretend (假裝)

22、/promise (許諾) /refuse (拒絕) / seem (似乎、好象) / tend (傾向于) / undertake (接受、同意) / wait (等候) / want (想) / wish (希望) / would / should like (想要) 注意哦：注意哦：某些動詞某些動詞(如如arrange)后接不定式作賓語時，動詞的后接不定式作賓語時，動詞的詞義決定了該不定式前必須帶詞義決定了該不定式前必須帶for sb. / for sth.2. ) 當賓語后面接名詞、形容詞等作賓補時，務(wù)必將作當賓語后面接名詞、形容詞等作賓補時，務(wù)必將作 賓語的不定式賓語的不定式(有時是

23、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有時是復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))放到句末去，在賓語放到句末去，在賓語 的位置加上的位置加上it作形式賓語：作形式賓語： Not all of these are bad for us, of course, but they make it more difficult for us to control what we eat. The Internet also makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with consumers and companies in other countries.3. )“疑問詞疑問詞+不定式不定式”在句中的作

24、用相當于名詞從句，在句中的作用相當于名詞從句， 可用作主語和賓語：可用作主語和賓語： Having good table manners means knowing, for example, how to use knives and forks, when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table.4. )介詞中只有介詞中只有but和和except后可以接不定式：后可以接不定式： He did nothing but watch TV every night. I dont enjoy reading too much. I like

25、playing computer games. I hate hiking. Janet told the other students to stop making fun of Sarah. When Huike sees the crying Minzhi on television, he himself starts crying, but he is also happy to see her. It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate. I remember having an empty feeling in

26、my stomach and thinking that my life was going to end. It was difficult to save the palaces and buildings without destroying their old beauty. It sounded like a woman crying.2. 動名詞動名詞(短語短語)實例 研究 動名詞作賓語只能用于動名詞作賓語只能用于admit (承認承認) /advise (勸告勸告, 建議建議) /allow (允許允許) /appreciate (欣賞欣賞) /avoid (避免避免) /can

27、t help (忍不住忍不住) /cant stand (無法忍受無法忍受) /complete (完成完成) /consider (考慮考慮) /delay (延遲延遲) /deny (否認否認) /dislike (厭惡厭惡) /endure (忍受忍受)/enjoy (喜歡喜歡) /escape (逃避逃避) /excuse (原諒原諒) /fancy (設(shè)想設(shè)想) /finish (完成完成) /forbid (禁止禁止) /forgive (寬恕寬恕) /give up (放棄放棄) /imagine (想象想象) /include (包括包括) /keep (on) (繼續(xù)、反復(fù)繼

28、續(xù)、反復(fù)) /mind (介意介意) /miss (錯過錯過) /pardon (原諒原諒) /permit (允許允許) /postpone (推遲推遲) /practise (練習練習) /prevent (阻止阻止) /put off (推遲推遲) /recall (回憶回憶) /report(報道報道) /require (需要需要) /cant resist (禁不住禁不住) /risk (冒險冒險)/suggest (建議建議) / stand (忍受忍受)/stop (停止停止) /understand (理解理解) /want (需要需要)等特定動詞后。等特定動詞后?？傻贸３Ｏ?/p>

29、著俺哦！可得常常想著俺哦！ 動名詞動名詞(短語短語)還用于下列短語后還用于下列短語后： admit to (承認承認) / as well as / be afraid of / be fond of / be tired of / be proud of / be capable of / be good at / be worth / be engaged in / be busy in / be successful in / burst out (突然開始突然開始) / cant help / count on / devote oneself to / leave off / put

30、 off / give up / feel like (想要想要) / insist on (堅持堅持) / have trouble in / have difficulty (in ) / how about / be used to / get used to / get down to / give up / hold off / keep on / lead to / look forward to / object to / pay attention to / put off / preferto / prevent from / set about / stick to / s

31、ucceed in / take pride in / take up / think about / think of / what about / Its no good / no use 有的動詞后有的動詞后既能接動名詞又能接不定式作既能接動名詞又能接不定式作賓語賓語，且意義上有的有區(qū)別，有的沒區(qū)別。，且意義上有的有區(qū)別，有的沒區(qū)別。stop to do 停止手中事停止手中事, 去做另一件事去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事停止正在做的事1.) 有區(qū)別的有：有區(qū)別的有： remember/forget/regret to do (指動作當時尚未發(fā)指動作當時尚未發(fā))remem

32、ber/forget/regret doing(指動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生指動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生)go on to do(接著做另外一件事接著做另外一件事)go on doing(接著做同一件事接著做同一件事)try to do(設(shè)法設(shè)法, 努力去做努力去做, 盡力盡力)try doing(試試去做試試去做, 看有何結(jié)果看有何結(jié)果)mean to do(打算做打算做, 企圖做企圖做)mean doing (意思是意思是, 意味著意味著)cant help to do(不能幫忙做不能幫忙做) cant help doing(忍不住要做忍不住要做)_2.) 沒有區(qū)別的有：沒有區(qū)別的有：_begin, start, l

33、ike, love, hate, prefer, continue (接不定式多指具體的一次性的動作接不定式多指具體的一次性的動作, 接動名詞多指一接動名詞多指一般或習慣行為般或習慣行為)need, want, require(當主語是物時，常用動名詞主動形當主語是物時，常用動名詞主動形式表示被動意義式表示被動意義, 若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動形式若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動形式) begin, start, love, like和和prefer后接動名詞和不定式意義上后接動名詞和不定式意義上沒什么區(qū)別，但當這些動詞本身是進行體時，后面接不定式；沒什么區(qū)別，但當這些動詞本身是進行體時，后面接不定式；表示一種

34、習慣或傾向多接動名詞作賓語表示一種習慣或傾向多接動名詞作賓語, 如果表示某一特定的如果表示某一特定的或具體的行動或具體的行動, 多接不定式；下列情況下多接不定式；下列情況下start / begin后接不定后接不定式更好：式更好： A. 主語不是人而是事物時：主語不是人而是事物時：The ice began to melt. B. start / begin用用-ing形式時：形式時：I am staring to cook the dinner. C. 后面所接的動詞表示感情、心理等靜態(tài)意義時：后面所接的動詞表示感情、心理等靜態(tài)意義時： I began to understand. She

35、started to wonder. For drinking during a dinner, the best advice is _.三、能用作三、能用作表語表語的非謂語動詞的非謂語動詞1. 不定式不定式(短語短語) The best way to have a good swim with your new friends is _.to learn from them When Spielberg was young, his dream was _ _. to go to the Film Academy The most important thing for young Min

36、zhi is _ NOT ONE LESS before Mr. Gao returns! not to lose any more pupils from the school The custom of toasting in some parts of China is _. to finish the drink at oncenever to drink too muchThe best way(如另有邏輯主語則構(gòu)成如另有邏輯主語則構(gòu)成for+邏輯主語邏輯主語+ to do) The only way to get reunited is for you to apologize t

37、o them. for you to apologize to them2. 動名詞動名詞(短語短語) Other favourite hobbies are _. reading and singing My interests are _. reading novels, playing football and singing songs不定式和動名詞作主語和表語的區(qū)別不定式和動名詞作主語和表語的區(qū)別3. 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞(短語短語)What he said was really _.annoying(常見作表語是現(xiàn)在分詞有常見作表語是現(xiàn)在分詞有astonishing, encourag

38、ing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing)4. 過去分詞過去分詞(短語短語)You do not feel _ to enter them.invited Greatly _ in China are the English Romantic poets.loved When the poem is _, I close the book and my sadness is _.finishedgone分詞分詞(短語短語)作表語的特點和區(qū)別作表語的特點和區(qū)別 四、能用作四、能用作賓補賓補的非謂

39、語動詞的非謂語動詞1. 不定式不定式to do(短語短語) My teachers encouraged us to believe we could do anything and have it all. This technology may enable doctors to restore human organs in the near future. One of the most important achievements is a new kind of rice which allows farmers to increase production. to believe

40、 we could do anything and have it all to restore human organs in the near future to increase production 由上述例子可知，大多數(shù)謂語動詞后面的賓語補語由上述例子可知，大多數(shù)謂語動詞后面的賓語補語表示謂語表示謂語之后的行為之后的行為時用帶時用帶to的不定式：的不定式： advise / allow / ask / beg / call on / cause / challenge (要求要求) / command (指揮指揮/命令命令) / consider / drive / enable(使

41、能夠使能夠)/ encourage / expect / forbid / force / get / instruct (指示指示) / intend / invite / order / permit / persuade / remind / report / request / require (要求要求) / select / send (差遣差遣) / suppose (假設(shè)假設(shè)) / teach / tell / train / trust / urge / wait for / want / warn / wish / would like / would love / wou

42、ld prefer2. 不定式不定式to be (短語短語) We believe him to be guilty.to be guilty We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. to be one of the best students in our class 接不定式接不定式to be (短語短語) 作賓補的謂語動詞有：作賓補的謂語動詞有：appoint / believe / consider / declare (宣稱宣稱) / discover / fancy (設(shè)想設(shè)想) / feel / f

43、ind / guess / imagine / judge (斷定斷定) / know / like / prove / suppose / think / understand3. 不帶不帶to的不定式的不定式(短語短語) Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.eat from his hand Pop music makes people feel easy and forget about the real world; rock music makes peopl

44、e think about the world and how to make their life better. feel easy and forget about the real world think about the world and how to make their life betterReading helps us understand the world.understand the world用于感官動詞和用于感官動詞和let, have, help, make后。后。4. 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞(短語短語) What did you see him doing wh

45、en you passed him? What doing There are many recipes for simple and healthy snacks that taste great and keep us going.going 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補主要用于感官動詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補主要用于感官動詞和keep, catch, set, send, start, leave等特殊使役動詞及介詞等特殊使役動詞及介詞with, 表示謂語表示謂語動詞發(fā)生時正在發(fā)生的主動動作。動詞發(fā)生時正在發(fā)生的主動動作。 With so many people communicating in Englis

46、h every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English. communicating in English every day5. 過去分詞過去分詞(短語短語) _ _ When you look around at buildings, streets, squares and parks, you will find them designed, planned and built in different styles. designed, planned and bu

47、ilt in different styles Frank Lloyd Wright, who built an art museum in New York, found himself inspired by Japanese seashells. inspired by Japanese seashells More than ninety responsible and caring citizens made their voices heard today.heard today Every great culture in the past had its own ideas o

48、f beauty expressed in art and architecture. expressed in art and architecture They wanted their buildings constructed in a way to look unnatural. constructed in a way to look unnatural Please get the work done as soon as possible. done as soon as possible I want you to keep me informed of how things

49、 are going with you. informed of how things aregoing with you 過去分詞過去分詞作作賓補用于感官動詞和作作賓補用于感官動詞和make, have, want, get, keep, would like等動詞后等動詞后, 表示句中賓語所承受的被表示句中賓語所承受的被動行為。動行為。 A growing number of overseas Chinese have grasped the opportunity to develop their ideas at home. 五、能用作五、能用作定語定語的非謂語動詞的非謂語動詞1. 不

50、定式不定式(短語短語) They can give us a chance to practise our cooking skills. The first 100 customers to visit the store will be given a present. I have a lot of work to attend to.to visit the store to develop their ideas at home The best way to have a good swim with your new friends is to learn from them.

51、to have a good swim with your new friends_ _ _ He did not have time to finish what he was saying.to finish what he was saying_ to practise our cooking skills 注意：下列詞語后用非謂語動詞作定語時常接不定式注意：下列詞語后用非謂語動詞作定語時常接不定式(短語短語)： wish, right, courage, need, promise, opportunity, way, time, chance , the first, the sec

52、ond, the last, the only等作不定式的狀語。等作不定式的狀語。 (若被飾詞為不定式短語的承受者(賓語), 則不定式必須能接賓語且缺賓語, 即必須是缺賓語的及物動詞或不及物動詞+介詞等)to attend to_(如另有邏輯主語則構(gòu)成如另有邏輯主語則構(gòu)成for+邏輯主語邏輯主語+ to do) _ Cutting down trees and selling the wood was the only way for poor farmers to make some money and feed their families. Shanghai is the first c

53、ity in the world to have built a high-speed maglev train, from the city to Pudong Airport. The blues is a way for people to show who they are and what is in their heart. The great moment for European literature to come to China is between 1910 and the late 1930s. for poor farmers to make some money

54、and feed their families _ _ for people to show who they are and what is in their heart _ _ for European literature to come to China _ _ 由上述例子可知，由上述例子可知，自帶邏輯主語的不定式自帶邏輯主語的不定式(不定式的不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) for +邏輯主語邏輯主語 + 不定式不定式)也可以用作定語。也可以用作定語。 There is much yet to be discovered. There is a wide variety of new mus

55、ic to be discovered in every corner of the world.由上述例子可知，作定語的不定式有由上述例子可知，作定語的不定式有“體體”和語態(tài)的變化。和語態(tài)的變化。 to have built a high- speed maglev train _to be discovered_ to be discoveredin every corner of the world _Eating habits become part of who we are. 2. 動名詞動名詞 Many hospitals and schools offer training c

56、lasses for people who are interested in learning first aid. 動名詞作定語時，表示的是被修飾的詞的功能、動名詞作定語時，表示的是被修飾的詞的功能、作用或用途而決非行為動作作用或用途而決非行為動作(表示行為動作的表示行為動作的-ing分詞分詞是現(xiàn)在分詞是現(xiàn)在分詞)。3. 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞(短語短語)Kwanzaa is a seven-day festival celebrating the culture and history of African Americans. People who see Xiaohua would nev

57、er guess that she is one of millions of children in the world living and dying with AIDS. living and dying with AIDS The ocean and seas surrounding the islands are deep blue.surrounding the islands 由上述例子可知，現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語多數(shù)表示被由上述例子可知，現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語多數(shù)表示被飾詞現(xiàn)在或當時正在進行中的行為。飾詞現(xiàn)在或當時正在進行中的行為。 _ When Huike sees the cry

58、ing Minzhi on television, he himself starts crying.crying但有時也可能表示但有時也可能表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的經(jīng)常性的情況包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的經(jīng)常性的情況： celebrating the culture and history of African AmericansHe lives in the house facing the sea.facing the sea4. 過去分詞過去分詞(短語短語) The breakthrough, made by scientists in Shanghai, gives hope to cancer pat

59、ients all over the world and makes China one of the world leaders in the battle against the deadly disease. The peaceful meeting ended when the company sent out a group of angry men armed with sticks to fight with the citizens. armed with sticks But at other moments you will find him gentle and weak

60、, as when he cries about the lost lives of people drowned in ships that have sunk.drowned in ships that have sunk Great Britain is a nation of different countries held together by a common language and culture. held together by a common language and culture Much of the wisdom discovered by early Chi