主謂一致和狀語從句講解

1、學(xué)習好資料歡迎下載主謂一致主謂一致的原則1 .語法一致原則。主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式：主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2 .意義一致原則。(1)主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)意義 的詞有 people, police, audience 等。(2)主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)而意義上卻是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。形復(fù)意單(不可數(shù))的詞有： news, maths, physics 等。3 .就近原則謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近它的主語，如 there be句型或用連詞 eitheror ., neither .nor ,not only.but also

2、 等。1 .如果主語是不可數(shù)名詞，動名詞，不定式或從句的時候，謂語動詞用單數(shù).Smoking is not a good habit.To live happily needs a lot of things.What I said is true.2 .如果由and連接的兩個做主語的單數(shù)名詞指的是同一個人或物的時候，用單數(shù)動詞.The singer and songwriter is dead.The science and technology plays an important part in China.Bread and butter(=buttered bread) is a g

3、ood food for patients.“War and Peace" is the best book I have ever read.如果由and連接的兩個或更多的主語之前有each, every, many a/an, no的時候用單數(shù)名詞.Every boy and girl in the class works very hard.Each minute and second is valuable to us.3 .主語是單數(shù) ,后面跟有 with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except

4、, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including,in addition to 的時候，謂語動詞用單數(shù) .Jack with his family wants to go to China.He, as well as you, is very honest.No one but I is a student.Her brother, together with his wife and children, was killed in the accident.The father, rather than the brothers,

5、 is responsible.4 .由 some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞 (sb,sth-)和 each, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, a little, much, no one, nothing 做主語的時候，謂語動詞用單數(shù).Each of you is cleverer than me.Neither student has passed the exam.Is anybody here?5 . both, few, a few, several, many以及others做主語的時候，永遠

6、用復(fù)數(shù)動詞. Several friends were invited to the party.Both books are sold out.6 . all, none, any, some, more和most要是修飾單數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；若是修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞， 就用復(fù)數(shù)動詞.Most of the apple is bad.學(xué)習好資料歡迎下載Most of the apples are bad.None of this money is yours.None of the people here are teachers.7 .由or連接的兩個以上主語時，動詞和最接近的主語一致.You

7、 or he is wrong.Are you or he wrong?由either- or, neither - nor, not only but also連接的兩個以上主語時，動詞和最近的主語一致 .Either he or you have to tell the truth.Neither my brother nor his friends are over 18 years old.Not only the basketball players but also the coach was very nervous.8 .若主語的復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示的是“一段時間”，“一筆錢”，“一段

8、距離”，“一個數(shù)量”，“一個面積”的時候用單數(shù)謂語動詞.Two weeks is to enough for me to finish it.Five thousand dollars is too much.Ten kilometers is too long for me to run.9 . people（人民），police, cattle（牛群）等常用復(fù)數(shù)動詞.有一些集體名詞，如果表示的是整體就 用單數(shù)動詞，如果表示的是其中的個體就用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞.這樣的詞常見的有family, class,audience, public, team 等等.His family are all si

9、ngers.His family is very large.10 .關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，謂語動詞與先行詞一致。Those who want to go please sign their names here.11 .一些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如 clothes, scissors, trousers, shorts, scales等，作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式The scales（天平）are mine.但是成雙的東西前面有a pair of要用單數(shù)。This pair of scissors belongs to the tailor.12 .如果主語是由"a series

10、of, a kind of, a portion of,one of+等+名詞”構(gòu)成時，動詞一般用單 數(shù)形式。A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.但a variety of, a number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；.而the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主 語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The number of the students in our class is 50.A number of students are learning Japanese now.

11、On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.The number of the students is over 800This kind of men is dangerous.如果是多種，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。There are many kinds of apples.13 .算術(shù)式通常用單數(shù)。Two times two is four.14 . ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科用單數(shù)謂語動詞。15 .書名，劇名，報紙名，國名的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The united states is a capitalist count

12、ry.學(xué)習好資料歡迎下載“The Arabian Nights " is a very interesting story-book.16 . “the+形容詞(分詞)“指人謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The English speak English.The old are going to be looked after well.17 . who, what, which, all,more, most some, any, none,half, the rest, the remainder等作主語要看各自的情況。18 . one and a half加復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

13、One and a half bananas is left on the table.19 .名詞性物主代詞后的動詞單復(fù)數(shù)，取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。如：ours (=Our Party) is a great party.Your shoes are black, mine (=my shoes) are brown.20 .以here, there開頭的句子，若主語在兩個或兩個以上，謂語動詞通常與臨近的主語一致There is a book and three pens on the desk.Here are some books and paper for you.21 .在主

14、謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致Behind the house are some trees.22 .幾分之幾/half of/part of/the rest of+n/pron.作主語，謂語動詞由后面的n/pron決定。而 oneof+n/pron作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如： Two thirds of the bread was eaten.23 .名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略的情況一般只指商店、工場、住宅等，作主語時，動詞一 般用單數(shù)。如：The doctor's is on the other side of the street.24 . more than

15、 one+單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一個學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過北京。25 .主語是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每個男孩和女孩都有一個座位。Every man and every woman is at work.每個男人和女人者B在工作。26 . a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。A student or two has failed the

16、exam.一兩個學(xué)生考試不及格。27 .以-s結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。例如：news, maths,physics等。例如：No news is good news.沒有消息就是好消息。Maths is very popular in our class.在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。注意：so/neither+助動詞+名詞/代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中須用倒裝語序。My wife like classic music very much and so do I.She doesn't like jazz and neither do I.學(xué)習好資料歡迎下載狀語從句講解狀語從句在

17、復(fù)合句中作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞等。狀語從句可以表示時間、條件、 原因、地點、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、比較等意義。知識梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點和難點！各類狀語從句連接詞(短語)一覽表：時間 when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before條件 If, unless原因 As, because, since地點 Where目的 So that, in order that結(jié)果 So that, so that, such that讓步 though, although, even if, however方式 As比較 than

18、, (not)as as,時間狀語從句：Whenever he comes, he brings a friend.他每次來者 B 帶個朋友。條件狀語從句：As long as I am alive, I will go on studying.只要我活著，我就要學(xué)習。原因狀語從句：Since we live near the sea, we enjoy nice weather.由于我們住在海邊， 能享受至U好的天氣。地點狀語從句:學(xué)習好資料歡迎下載Put it where we can all see it.把它放在我們都能看到的位置。把這個做完，你可以開始另一個。他氣得說不出話了。雖然他

19、身體不好，但是他工作很努力。目的狀語從句：Finish this so that you can start another.結(jié)果狀語從句:He was so angry that he couldn't say a word.讓步狀語從句:Though he is in poor health, he works hard.方式狀語從句:Students do as the teachers say.學(xué)生們按照老師說的去做。比較狀語從句：The work isn't as easy as I thought.這項工作比我想象得難。例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！易混引導(dǎo)詞 w

20、hile, when, as 的區(qū)別：when既可以指"時間點",與瞬間動詞連用，也可以指"時間段"，與延續(xù)性動詞連用(=while )。如：When he came in, his mother was cooking.When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day.While表示時間段，因此，while 從句的謂語動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞。如：Please don't talk so loud while others are working.As與when用法相似，

21、但著重強調(diào)主句動作與從句動作同時發(fā)生，有 "隨著"或" 邊一邊"之意。如：As you get older, you get more knowledge.隨著年齡的增長，你獲得的知識就越多。2. Because,as,since 的區(qū)另U：學(xué)習好資料歡迎下載Because用于表示直接原因，回答why提出的問題，語氣最強；As用于說明原因,著重點在主句，常譯成"由于"；since表示顯然的或已知的理由或事實，常譯成 "既然"。如：Water is very important because we can'

22、t live without it.He didn't come yesterday as his mother was ill.I'll do it for you since you are busy.3. suchthat, so that, so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)別：such是形容詞，修飾名詞；so 是副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞。其結(jié)構(gòu)如下：1) such + a (n)+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that2) such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that 3) such + 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+that 。如：This was such a good film tha

23、t I went to see it several times.It was such good books that they sell well.It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home.He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow him.He is such a lovely boy that we all like him.=He is so lovely a boy that we all like him.注：在"形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，當名詞前有

24、many, much, few, little表示數(shù)量的多少時，名詞前用so。如：She made so many mistakes that she didn't pass the exam.學(xué)習好資料歡迎下載參考答案I. 1.is 改為 are 2.are 改為 is 3.are 改為 is 4.have 改為 has5. have 改為 has 6.are 改為 is 7.has 改為 have 8.go 改為 goesII. 9. Is 10.knows 11.is 12.is 13.do14.has 15.are 16.is 17.are 18.was; werem . 19

25、-23 BBBCB 24-28 CBBDB 29-33BDBBD 34-38 DCBAB39-43 CDABB 44-48 ACBAA 49-53 ACBAD54-58 AABDB 59-64 DBBDAAN . 65. Neither, has 66. There, no 67. Either, or68. Neither, knows 69. Our, are正確答案：A、C 和 Do however 意為C,意義才通。Hard-working though he1 .A.因為gave后面已經(jīng)有表示物的直接賓語了，排除代詞 “無論如何"；whenever意為“每當”，根據(jù)句意，只

26、有選2 .A.因為前面已經(jīng)連詞though 了，所以不再需要連詞了。was=Although he was hard-working 。3 .B.因為as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，要求將從句的表語或狀語等放到句首。而 although, while表示讓步時，都用正常語序；另外，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句， 其表語或狀語等可 提前也可不提前。4 . C.因為 immediately, instantly, directly 和 the moment, the instant, the minute 等都可以用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，相當于 as soon as 。5 .C.因為表示“正要做某事時

27、，突然又發(fā)生另一件事”的句型是：was /were just aboutto do sth. when did 或 was /were just on the point of doing sth. whendid 6 .C.因為notuntil"直到才”，再接 before語意上不通，要用 after 。7 .C.因為no matter 后一定要接疑問詞或 whether。8 .C.引導(dǎo)狀語從句時 no matter how=however ,其后接形容詞或副詞，只有C正確。9 .C.unless "除非、如果不”。句意是：大多數(shù)動物與其它不同種類的動物都沒有什么 聯(lián)系，除非是把它們獵為食物。10 .A.句意是：雖然他認為他在幫我們做工，但事實上他是在擋事。11 .B.表示主、從句的謂語動詞同時變化的“隨著”只能用as。12 .B.因為keep the portrait （把照片放在）后面一定是指所放的“地方” 了，所以用where （在的地方）引導(dǎo)一個地點狀語從句。學(xué)