高中英語 Unit 8 Lesson 4 學(xué)案 北師大必修3

1、Lesson4 Journey to the Antarctic學(xué)案一、第四課中重點單詞及詞組詞 匯相關(guān)提示1. break down 損壞，不能運轉(zhuǎn)2. goal n. 目的，目標(biāo)（義析）3. run out of 用完，耗盡4. carry on 繼續(xù)做某事 5. nationality n. 國籍辨析goal，purpose與aim的用法 對比run out of 與run out的用法 carry 的常見短語歸納和用法：nation一詞的派生詞和意義二、重難點詞匯講解：1. break down 損壞，不能運轉(zhuǎn)to become disabled or useless They bro

2、ke down the door and broke in. 他們將門毀壞闖了進來。The car broke down on the way home. 在回家的路上汽車拋錨了。break down 還有“身體垮掉”的含義。如If you always work like this, youll break down sooner or later. 2. goal n. 目的，目標(biāo)（義析）ones aim or purpose The other driver has no goal or destination or map. 辨析goal，purpose與aim goal指需要艱苦努力

3、才能達到的長期目標(biāo)；purpose 是普通用詞，指人的計劃、意圖等；aim指比較明確的具體的奮斗方向。如：He decided to reach his goal at all risks. 他決心不顧一切地達到自己的目標(biāo)。He knew my purpose in writing this book. 他知道我寫這本書的目的。Her aim is to do two yearswork in one. 她的目標(biāo)是一年完成兩年的工作。3. run out of 用完，耗盡to use up We have run out of milk and juice. 我們用完了牛奶和果汁。The pe

4、trol has been run out of; we have to walk home. 辨析：run out of 與run out run out of 表示主動含義，主語一般為人；run out 意為“用完，耗盡”，表示被動含義，主語通常為時間、食物、金錢等。I have run out of ink. 我把墨水用完了。Our food has run out. 我們的食物吃完了。After a day of hard work my strength ran out completely. 4. carry on 繼續(xù)做某事 to go on ;to cause to remai

5、n or last After her husbands death, she carried on. 丈夫死后，她繼續(xù)堅持下來。Carry on with your work while Im out. 我出去一下，你接著干吧。carry 的常見短語：carry off 搶走，竊走，帶離；carry on 經(jīng)營，從事，忙于，繼續(xù)進行；carry out 拿出，進行，開展，執(zhí)行，完成，實現(xiàn)；carry over使持續(xù)下去，推遲；carry through 把帶進，完成，幫助渡過難關(guān)5. nationality n. 國籍the condition of belonging to a parti

6、cular nation, by having been born there or becoming a citizen. Whats your nationality ?你是哪國人？nation n. 國家，民族，國民； national adj. 國家的，全國性的；國有的；nationalism n. 民族主義，國家主義； nationalist n. 國家主義者，民族主義者；nationalistic adj. 國家主義的，民族主義的；nationalize vt. 使國有化，把收歸國有；nationwide adj. 全國性的三、重難點句式講解和分析：1. Then come the

7、 total darkness of the polar winter. 接著漆黑的極地冬夜開始了。該句為全部倒裝語序，主語為the total darkness of the polar winter. 謂語為came. 全部倒裝是將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：（1）here，there，now，then，thus 等副詞置于句首，動詞為be，come，go，lie，run. There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. （2）表示運動方向的副詞或

8、地點狀語置于句首，謂語是表示運動的動詞。如：Out rushed a boy from behind the door. 從門后跑出一個小孩。Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐著一位老太太。（3）全部倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能倒裝。如：Here he comes. 他來了。Away they went. 他們走了。2. we are very cheerful, but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess. 我們都很愉快，但我還是能猜出大家心里的想法。what each man feel

9、s in his heart 是動詞guess的賓語，為了強調(diào)被放到了主語之前。each adj. 每一個。each強調(diào)個體，表示單數(shù)。如：Give an apple to each child. 給每個孩子一個蘋果。3. Later, these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past the Antarctic was covered by plants. 后來，這些石塊證明在遙遠的過去，南極曾被植物覆蓋。that at one time in the distant past the Antarctic was covered

10、by plants 是接在動詞proved 后面的賓語從句。（1）at one time 曾經(jīng)，一度。如：The song was popular at one time. 這首歌一度很流行。（2）in the distant past 在遙遠的過去。如：There were forests here in the distant past. 遠古時期這里是一片森林。拓展：由at time 所構(gòu)成的短語：at this time 這時/at that time 那時/at the time 當(dāng)時/at a time 一次/at one time 曾經(jīng)，一度/at times 有時候，間或/at

11、 no time 決不，在任何時候都不辨析：at a time 與at one time at a time 每次，每一次；at noe time 曾經(jīng)，一度。如：A whale may eat a ton of fish at a time. 鯨魚一次可以吃掉一噸魚。4. Scott spent some of his last hours writing. spend（in）doing sth. 花時間做如：My niece spends a lot time reading novels every day after school. 與spenddoing sth. 類似，動名詞前常省

12、去介詞的短語還有：have difficulty/trouble（in）doing sth. 做某事有困難；Its no use（in）doing sth. 做某事無用；waste time（in）doing sth. 做某事白費時間；prevent /stop（from）doing sth. 防止做某事?！灸M試題】一. 單詞拼寫1. It is known that squirrels often hide a large q of nuts inside trees in autumn. 2. I was still sleeping when the fire b out, and t

13、hen it spread out. 3. We were a by the news of Georges sudden death, who was only 35 years old. 4. My ink has r out, can you spare me some?5. My computer system b down suddenly when I was surfing the net. 6. Not long after his r , a local war broke out near his hometown. 7. But Marco always s by his

14、 tales. 8. Later these rocks proved that at one time in the d past the Antarctic was covered by plants. 9. Our hometown is l to Beijing by the Jingjiu Railway. 10. We have just e a storm on the way home. 二. 綜合閱讀A newly discovered ancient Chinese map may prove that it was a Chinese navigator（航海家）who

15、first discovered America. He may have made the discovery seventy years before Columbus discovered the New World. The map, which has gone on display in Beijing, is said to be a copy made in 1763 of a much older map dating back to 1418. It clearly describes Africa, Europe and the Americas. If it's

16、 proven to be believable, the map would provide strong evidence to suggest that the famous Ming Dynasty sailor, Zheng He, beat Christopher Columbus, who arrived in America in 1492, to the discovery of the New World. Liu Gang, a Chinese lawyer and map collector, bought the map in an antique（古董的）store

17、 in Shanghai in 2001 for about 500 U. S. dollars. Liu Gang thinks the map supports the thesis of British author, Gavin Menzies, who in his 2003 book argued Zheng He was the first person to circumnavigate（環(huán)航）the globe and discover America sometime between 1421 and 1423. “In principle, the British aut

18、hor Gavin is right. Before Columbus, Zheng He discovered America and the whole world. But in detail, not exactly. three years difference. I don't think that's a big deal. ” Liu said. Zheng He commanded a group of ships, which sailed between 1405 and 1433 at the order of the emperor during Ch

19、ina's Ming Dynasty. His aim was to spread the glory of China to the world and establish trade. 1. We learn from Paragraph 1 that_. A. the writer was proud of a ancient map B. both the Chinese navigator and Columbus were heroes C. the ancient map made by a Chinese navigator was just found D. the

20、Chinese navigator may be the first man who discovered America 2. Which of the following correctly describes the ancient map? A. The ancient map on display in Beijing is said to be made in 1418. B. The ancient map, which is said to be made in 1763, is on display in Beijing. C. The ancient map was bou

21、ght by Liu Gang, a Chinese navigator in 2001. D. The ancient map was introduced to be listed in Gavin' book by Liu Gang to support his idea. 3. What does the British author in his book try to argue in the passage? A. The first person who discovered America may be Zheng He. B. The first person to circumnavigate the globe is not worth discussing. C. The year when Zheng He discovered America may be between 1421 and 1423