高考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析復(fù)習(xí)

1、高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí) 動(dòng)詞詞義辨析動(dòng)詞是是各類(lèi)考試的重點(diǎn)，高考試題中，單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空和改錯(cuò)等三項(xiàng)題型中，動(dòng)詞辨義的比重較大，并逐年增加。動(dòng)詞辨義主要指：1、形狀相同的動(dòng)詞之間辨義。如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。2、意義相近的動(dòng)詞之間辨義。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。3、動(dòng)詞與其它詞形相近、意義相似的詞的辨義。如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。4、意義不同，但容易混淆的動(dòng)詞的辨義。如：explain, say;

2、 discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。5、某些常用動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣用法的辨義。如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。6、某些常用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨義。如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。（一）易混動(dòng)詞1、lay（放）, lie（躺）與lie（說(shuō)謊）：這三個(gè)易混動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成見(jiàn)下表：中 文原 形過(guò) 去 式過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞說(shuō) 明放laylaidlaidlaying及物動(dòng)詞躺lielaylainlying不及

3、物動(dòng)詞說(shuō)謊lieliedliedlying不及物動(dòng)詞2、rise和raise：rise是不及物動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式是rose，過(guò)去分詞是risen，而raise是及物動(dòng)詞，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。3、hear與listen to：hear側(cè)重點(diǎn)是聽(tīng)到，聽(tīng)見(jiàn)什么，而listen to是側(cè)重于聽(tīng)的傾向，但hear用于無(wú)意中的聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，而listen to卻用于集中注意力的聽(tīng)。4、see, watch和look：see用作看電影，劇目；watch則用作看電視比賽，而watch還有在旁觀看之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞，只是當(dāng)盯著某人看時(shí)用作及

4、物動(dòng)詞，如：The little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯著我的臉。）5、wind和wound：wind意為蜿蜒而行，其過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞都是wound，而動(dòng)詞原形wound意為傷害，其過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞都是wounded。6、hang的用法：hang有兩個(gè)意思：一為懸掛，是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞都是hung；二為絞刑，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞都是hanged。 7、hear的過(guò)去分詞born與borne：bear作為出生講有兩個(gè)過(guò)去分詞born，borne。只有當(dāng)be+born短語(yǔ)后沒(méi)有by介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，才可用born。如:He was born

5、 in Shanghai. 而作它用時(shí)要用borne。如：She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受講，則一律用borne。 8、sit與seat：seat為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是作容納講，sit只是表示一動(dòng)作。seat如果表示就座時(shí)要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair. 9、borrow, lend與keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但這兩個(gè)詞都是截止性動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞，不能用于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，所以我能借

6、多久應(yīng)用keep。 10、win與beat：win作勝、贏講時(shí)其后應(yīng)接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人則有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已說(shuō)服他了，我贏得他的好感。而beat是及物動(dòng)詞為擊敗、勝過(guò)講，直接接人、隊(duì)。 11、steal與rob：steal為偷。rob為搶?zhuān)溆梅ú煌?。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+搶的物品。 12、fit與suit：fit與suit均可作合適講，但英文中卻用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大

7、小的合適，而suit則多用于顏色式樣的合適。 13、take, bring 與fetch：英文中拿三個(gè)詞，即拿來(lái)，拿去，去取然后回來(lái)(即雙程)。所以拿來(lái)，帶來(lái)是bring，拿去帶走是take，而去取回來(lái)是fetch。 14、shut與close：shut與close有時(shí)是可以互換的，但有些地方則不可這樣做。如:在正式場(chǎng)合多用close，而在命令，態(tài)度粗暴的場(chǎng)合則用shut。如:Shut your mouth!(閉嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指鐵路、公路交通關(guān)閉或停止使用的場(chǎng)合，則要用close。 15、answer與reply：作為回答講answer是及物動(dòng)詞，如作不及物動(dòng)詞，則意義不同，

8、如answer for，意為向某人或向某事負(fù)責(zé)。而reply作回答講是不及物動(dòng)詞，后跟賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要加上to。 16、reach，arrive與get to：reach當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)講是及物動(dòng)詞，而當(dāng)延伸和拿得到、拿不到時(shí)講，則是不及物動(dòng)詞。作到達(dá)講時(shí)還有g(shù)et to, arrive(at/in)。 17、cost，spend與take：英文中花費(fèi)有三個(gè)詞cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost作 “花費(fèi)”講，主語(yǔ)不能是人，而spend的主語(yǔ)不能是物。如: she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花費(fèi)講時(shí)，可用人也可用物做主語(yǔ)。更多的用法是用形式

9、主語(yǔ)it，如It takes me three hours to finish this work. 18、lost, gone與missing：作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)意為丟失、不見(jiàn)了，可以用lost, gone，但要用 miss時(shí)則不能用missed, 而要用missing. 19、have on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服講的動(dòng)詞分為狀態(tài)和動(dòng)作兩種。have on與wear作穿著狀態(tài)講;但have on不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，而wear則常要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。put on是動(dòng)作，但dress既可用作狀態(tài)，又可用作穿衣動(dòng)作，但用作狀態(tài)時(shí)要用其過(guò)去分詞作形容詞如:He was dressed in

10、a b1ue suit作動(dòng)作講時(shí)，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代詞或表示人、物的名詞，如：I dress my children in the morning every day.20、begin與start begin與Start 均可作開(kāi)始講，并無(wú)多少區(qū)別，同樣可接不定式或動(dòng)名詞，但在下面的場(chǎng)合多要用Start：1)機(jī)器的開(kāi)動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)；2)旅途的開(kāi)始。如:we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。 21、allow 與permit allow與permit其后直接接動(dòng)作時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，如接人

11、后再接動(dòng)詞則要用不定式，所以用在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit. 22、find與foundfind找到的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞都是found，而found是動(dòng)詞“建立”的原形，其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞是founded，founded，如：The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.23、speak, say, talk 與tell英文中講有4個(gè)詞，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物動(dòng)詞，但speak后加語(yǔ)言名詞時(shí)則用作及物動(dòng)詞，如：Ple

12、ase speak English。而say與tell是及物動(dòng)詞，其中tell常用作接雙賓語(yǔ)，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的習(xí)慣用法，如：在作講實(shí)話，講謊言，表示時(shí)間常用單賓語(yǔ)而不能換其它詞，如：My watch was broken. It couldnt tell time correctly。在書(shū)信、便條、海報(bào)上寫(xiě)著英文應(yīng)為It said 。在作辨別不同講時(shí)是tell，如：Can you tell me the difference between the two？而講別人好壞話時(shí)用speak，如：The father always speaks well of hi

13、s son.。24、excuse me 與sorryexcuse me用于來(lái)打攏對(duì)方前以提醒對(duì)方注意的提示語(yǔ)，而sorry則表達(dá)因作了某事向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?5、care for 與care to docare for其后要接不定式時(shí)則要省去for或換用名詞，如：Would you care for a cup of tea？但care for作照顧講時(shí)與look after相同。 26、與名詞易混的動(dòng)詞有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); b

14、reathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.); 27、意義相近的動(dòng)詞：ring搖鈴，打鈴，電話鈴響，strike專(zhuān)指敲鐘，打幾點(diǎn)，撞擊；suggest提出實(shí)驗(yàn)性或推測(cè)性的建議，advice表示對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足人的一種忠告；look由視覺(jué)得出的印象，seem暗示一定根據(jù)的判定，appear外表印象而實(shí)際或結(jié)果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遺物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（發(fā)現(xiàn)）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的東西，invent（發(fā)明）研制出不存在的東西；remember記憶起以

15、前經(jīng)歷或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。28、動(dòng)詞 + 副詞 + 介詞：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with 29、動(dòng)詞 + 介詞to的詞組有：come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to 30、與in相結(jié)合的動(dòng)詞有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succe

16、ed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in （二）動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是指動(dòng)詞和介詞、副詞或名詞的習(xí)慣搭配。有關(guān)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的測(cè)試點(diǎn)主要涉及結(jié)構(gòu)上選用恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆湓~，不同搭配含意上的辨異及不同短語(yǔ)的辨異。需掌握以下要點(diǎn)：1、根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的不同特點(diǎn)，掌握其運(yùn)用規(guī)律。 (I)動(dòng)詞+副詞(不及物) Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 晚會(huì)后，人們都已離去，哈里出現(xiàn)了。 (2)動(dòng)詞+副詞(及物) Please turn every light in the house

17、off. 請(qǐng)把房子里的每一盞燈都關(guān)掉。注意：如果賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，就應(yīng)避免把副詞同動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)。如：She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她關(guān)掉了所有還在亮著的燈。如果賓語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞，只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間。如：She gave them away. 她送掉了它們。(3)動(dòng)詞+介詞(及物)I'm looking for my glasses. 我在找我的眼鏡。注意：當(dāng)它跟賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能把介詞放在賓語(yǔ)后面。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)可以放在句子或從句末尾。如：She's got more work than she can cope with

18、. 她的工作多得使她應(yīng)付不了。 (4)動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞 I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就見(jiàn)到你。 注：“動(dòng)詞+介詞”、“動(dòng)詞+名詞+副詞”、“動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞”，這三種搭配都是及物的，如變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不可漏掉介詞。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after) 這樣一來(lái)，糧食和蔬菜都能兼顧了。2、熟悉同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞或副詞、不同的動(dòng)詞和同一介詞或同一副詞搭配在意義上的差異。 (1)同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞搭配時(shí)，意義上的差異。如：hear from

19、收到的來(lái)信，hear of聽(tīng)說(shuō)。 look after照料，look at看，look for尋找。 (2)同一動(dòng)詞和不同副詞搭配時(shí)，意義上的差異。如：ring back回電話, ring off掛斷電話, ring up打電話 put away放好, put on穿，上演, put up掛起，舉起。 (3)不同動(dòng)詞和同一介詞搭配時(shí)，在意義上的差異。如：look for尋找, call for去取(某物)，去接(某人), ask for請(qǐng)求, wait for等候, send for派人去叫。 (4)不同動(dòng)詞和同一副詞搭配時(shí)，在意義上的差異。如：break out發(fā)生，爆炸, carry ou

20、t進(jìn)行，開(kāi)展, go out熄滅, hand out分發(fā), let out放出, look out當(dāng)心, sell out賣(mài)完, set out出發(fā), take out取出, work out算出。break down出毛病, come down落下來(lái), get down下車(chē), take down取下, write down寫(xiě)下。練習(xí)、動(dòng)詞詞義辨析1.I can hardly _ the difference between the two words.A. point B.speak C.say D.tell2.I _ you will write me back soon.A. wish

21、B.hope C.want D.need3.I asked him to _ me a few minutes so that I could have a word with him.A. spend B. spare C.save D. share4. Father will not _ us to touch anything in his room when he is away.A. have B.let C. agree D. allow5.I learned to _ a bicycle as a small boy.A. ride B. drive C. operate D.r

22、un6.I can _ you to the railway station in my car.A. send B.pick C.ride D.take7.If no one _ the phone at home, ring me at work.A. answers B. returns C. replies D. receives8.1 don't know the restaurant, but it's_ to be quite a good one.A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked9. These boxes are too heav

23、y for your mother, you'd better_ them for her.A. bring B. carry C.take D. fetch10. There was a fight in the street yesterday. Three people were seriously _.A. hurt B. killed C. broken D.cut11. Careless driving _ a lot of highway accidents.A. affects B. gives C. causes D. results12. I've_my u

24、mbrella in the office and I'll have to fetch it.A. forgot B.left C. remained D.lost13 .The doctor says a few days' rest in a quiet place will _ you a lot of good.A. make B.do C.give D.get14. His heart _ fast when the teacher asked him a difficult question.A. beat B.hit C. jumped D.ran15. The

25、 cooking chicken _ very good.A. smells B. feels C. sounds D. tastes16. Most children stay at home until they _ school age.A. get Baaae C. reach D. arrive17. A single mistake here could _ you your life.A. pay B.take C. spend D.cost18. The boy works hard. I_ him to succeed in the exam.A. like B. expec

26、t C. think D.need19. We _ each other the best of luck in the examination.A. hoped B. wanted C. expected D. wished20. I'm afraid Mr Brown isn't in. Would you like to_a message?A.give B.leave C.carry D.take21. Do you know the girl _ a red coat?A. dressed in B. had on C. wore D. put on22. The a

27、ssistant suggested Mary _ the blue skirt.A. buying B. bought C. to buy D. could buy23. Our teacher suggested Wang Lin _ to America for further study.A. should send B. would be sent C. sending D.be sent24. Old Mr Jackson insisted _ to the Friendship Hospital.A. on being sent B. to send C. on sending

28、D. being sent25. The father insisted that their son Tom _ clever enough to study music.A. be B. should be C.was D. would be26.I _ the television set for 1,500 yuan.A. bought B.paid C.cost D. spent27.I _ play football than basketball.A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer28. - What ar

29、e you doing?- I'm looking_ the children. They should be back for lunch now.A.after B.at C.for D.up29. The sports meet will be _ till next week because of the bad weather.A. put off B. put away C. put up D. put down30.I really don't want to go to the party, but I don't see how I can _ it.

30、A. get back from B. get out of C. get away D. get off31. Readers can _ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.A. get over B. get in C; get along D. get through32. Many foreigners _ the Great Wall as the World's Seventh Wonder.A. look at B. look for C. look around D. look on33.

31、1 can' t hear clearly. Please _ the radio _ a little.A.tum;on B.tum;off C.tum;down D.tum;up34. Thirty people were expected, but only twenty - four _.A. turned in B. turned up C. turned to D. turn up35. The child is running a high fever. We must_ a doctor at once.A. send in B. send out C. send fo

32、r D. send up36. I'm going to a pop concert with Tom. He'll _ me at eight and we'll go there togethe;A. call for B. call in C. call on D. call up37. It is often easier to make plans than it is to _.A. carry on them B. carry out them C. carry them on D. carry them out38. Your composition m

33、ust be _ after class.A. handed to B. handed out C. handed in D. handed over39. A new school was _ in the village last year.A. held up B. set up C. sent up D. brought up40. - When did the plane _? -At 2 o'clock.A. take off' B. take up C. take away D. take place41. _! There's danger ahead.A. Look at B.Look up C.Look on D.Look out42.Let's_ to clean the house. It's too dirty.A.set about B.set out C.set off D.set down43.I used to _ my teacher when I was in