初二英語動詞不定式講義和練習

1、初二年級英語動詞不定式講義和對應練習動詞不定式是由“不定式符號to+動詞原形”構成的一種非謂語動詞結構。有些動詞不定式不帶to，動詞不定式可以作句子的主語、表語、賓語、定語、補語、狀語或單獨使用。一、用作主語直接把動詞不定式置于句首的情況不多，多數(shù)情況用it作形式主語，把真正的主語動詞不定式置于句末，特別是不定式短語較長時(有時在不定式的前面還會用for sb.表示不定式的邏輯主語)。動詞不定式作主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。帶疑問詞的不定式短語作主語常置于句首，復合不定式結構作主語常置于句末。如：1、把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take u

2、s half an hour. 2、用it作形式主語，把真正的主語不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： Itbe名詞to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the work? Itbe形容詞for sbto do 邏輯主語It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition a quarter of an hour. Itbe形容詞of sbto

3、 do “It is stupid of you to write down everything”， the teacher says. 注意：在中，常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等；在中，常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等 表示贊揚或批評的詞，強調對人的評價。在不定式前的sb，可看作其邏輯主語。這一句式有時相當于Sb is形容詞to do句

4、式 ，如：Its kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.It seems(appears)形容詞to do It seemed impossible to save money. 3、帶疑問詞的不定式短語作主語How to solve the problem is hard for him. 二、用作表語動詞不定式作表語，常說明主語的內容、性質、特征，通常放在連系動詞（主要是be動詞）后。如：1.The best way to improve your English is

5、 to join an English club. 2.The first thing is to greet the teacher. 注意：不定式作表語表示具體動作或將來動作；動名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。Our work is serving the people.三、用作賓語1.可以接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語的動詞主要有：要求、選擇、同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望、決定、學習(expect, hope, decide, learn)，寧可、假裝、知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望、想要、愿意(wish, want, would like /

6、love)。如：1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3)Id love to visit Mexico2.動詞decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell.，介詞結構on.可用疑問詞帶to的不定式短語作賓語，但why后面的不定式不帶to。如：1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?2)It gives advice on what to d

7、o in lots of different situations. 注意：疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The question is how to put it into practice. 問題是怎樣把它付諸實施。3.動詞feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式賓語代替真正的賓語動詞不定式，句子結構是.feel / find / make / . it+adj. / n.+to do.。如：I find it difficult to remember everything. 4.既可接動詞不定式又可接ving形式作賓語，意思差別不太大的動詞

8、有begin, start, like, love等。一般說來，動詞不定式表一次、數(shù)次的具體動作、將來動作或動作的全過程，ving形式表習慣性的連續(xù)動作。但是這種區(qū)別并不很嚴格，特別是美國英語，即使是習慣性的動作也可以用動詞不定式。如：1)Then I started to watch English-language TV.2)Im beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. begin用了進行時態(tài)，后面只接不定式作賓語，表示事情剛開始，還要繼續(xù)下去。3)I like to eat vegetables. 感知動詞like,

9、 love, know等一般不用進行時態(tài)。5.后接動詞不定式或ving形式作賓語，意思差別較大的動詞有forget, remember等。后接不定式作賓語，表動作尚未發(fā)生；后接ving形式作賓語，表動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。stop to do停下來做另外一件事，to do是目的狀語；stop doing停止做、不做當前這件事，doing是賓語。try to do盡力做，try doing試試看；go on to do接著做另外的事，go on doing繼續(xù)做原來的事。如：1)When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.2)I stoppe

10、d using them last year.及物動詞+不定式一般形式：謂語動詞(vt.)+不定式(作賓語)說 明want(想) / try(試圖) / decide(決定) / would like(想要) / hope(希望) / love(喜愛) / learn(學會) / afford(提供) / agree(同意) / fail(失敗、未能) / mean(意味著) / prefer(寧愿) / wish(希望) + to (do)(無)help(幫助)to可以省略begin(開始)/ start(開始)/hate(憎恨) 也可跟動名詞,意義變化不大forget(忘記) / reme

11、mber(記得)/ like(總愛) 也可跟動名詞,意義變化較大及物動詞+疑問詞+不定式： 謂語動詞(vt.)+wh-疑問詞+不定式 (作賓語)說明tell (告訴) / show (顯示) / know (知道) / ask (問) / find out (發(fā)現(xiàn)) / understand (明白) / wonder(疑惑) / learn(學會) / forget(忘記) / remember(記得) / teach sb.(教某人) / discuss(商討)what where+ how + to (do)whowhich不定式疑問形式還可以作句子的主語、表語等。四、用作定語 1.句子

12、的主語或賓語是動詞不定式的邏輯主語，不定式與其所修飾的名詞、代詞等存在邏輯的動賓關系時，用動詞不定式的主動式。如：1)I have so many chores to do today.2)I cant think of any good advice to give her. 3)Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch.具體關系如下例子：The next train to arrive is from Washington. Do you have anything to be taken to

13、your sister? Do you have anything to say on the question? Would you please give me some paper to write on? 不定式短語作定語和被修飾詞之間表示以下關系： (1)表示將來的動作（例）。 (2)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關系，如是不及物動詞，則需加介詞（例）。 (3)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關系，同時與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關系時，盡管有被動含義，卻仍用主動語態(tài)（例）；如只有動賓關系，而無邏輯上的主謂關系，則需用被動語態(tài)（例）。 2.動詞不定式所修飾的名詞是place, time, way等時，

14、不定式與這些名詞呈現(xiàn)出動狀關系或同位關系。如：1)He needs time to do homework2)Is that a good place to hang out？3)You want to know the best way to get around the city.3.在“there be.”句型里，句子的主語是動詞不定式動作的對象，常用主動式。如：1)Theres just so much to see and do here.2). but there are still many things to do there.注意：1、記住下面的一些結構：被修飾部分 + 不定

15、式(作后置定語)漢 語 意 思a keyto lock the door鎖門的鑰匙a boxto hold these things裝這些東西的箱子give her a bookto read給她一本書讀Is there any(+名詞/代詞)to (do)?有要(做的)嗎?Its timeto go.是走的時間了。Do you have any workto do?你有工作要做嗎?Id like somethingto eat.我要點兒吃的。I have nothingto say.我沒有話要說。Would you like somethingto drink?你要點兒喝的嗎？2、在這種情況

16、下,如果不定式動詞是不及物動詞,則后面必須加介詞。如：They could not find a place to live in.(他們找不到住的地方) Please give me a chair to sit on.(請給我一張椅子坐坐) He has got a writing brush to write with.(他找到了寫字的毛筆)五、用作補語動詞不定式作補語時，在主動語態(tài)句里補賓語，在被動語態(tài)句里補主語，句子的賓語或主語是不定式動作的邏輯執(zhí)行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的賓語或主語就是邏輯承受者。1.在主、被動語態(tài)句里用帶to的動詞不定式作補語的動詞主要有：要求

17、、允許、提議(ask, allow, permit, advise)，期望、邀請、鼓勵(expect, suppose, invite, encourage)，教導、告訴、想要(teach, tell, want)，等待、希望、愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：1) Id invite her to have dinner at my house.2) Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.3) Email English is supposed to be used on

18、mobile phones.2.動詞不定式作補語，在主動語態(tài)句里不帶to，被動語態(tài)句里帶to時多數(shù)動詞是感官動詞和使役動詞，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“讓”：have, let, make，二“聽”：hear, listen to，一“感覺”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：1)This picture makes me feel tense！2)Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.注意：主動語態(tài)中to省略，但是在被動語態(tài)中to要還原。I saw him dance. =H

19、e was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.3.help后接動詞不定式作補語，to可帶可不帶。一般說來，帶to表間接幫助，不帶to表直接幫助。在被動語態(tài)句里，或者用不定式的否定式作補語時要帶to。如：1). they can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.2)Using email English

20、helps you write quickly.4.be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接帶to的動詞不定式作主語的補語。如：1)He doesnt seem to have many friends.2)Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you.總結：謂 語 動 詞(vt.)+ 賓語 (人 / 物)+不定式 (作賓語補足語)ask(請) / tell(關照) / teach(教) / want(想要) / would like(想要) / get(讓) / invite(邀請) / li

21、ke(喜歡) / warn(警告) / help(幫) /+sb. / sth.+to (do)make(使得) / let(讓) / hear(聽) / see(看) / feel(感覺) / watch(觀看)/ have(使得) / help(幫助) +sb. / sth.+ (do)注意：hear / see / feel / watch之后的賓補用不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞時,含義不同,試比較：I heard her crying when I walked past.(我路過時聽到她正在哭)(指當時瞬間的情況)I sat near her and heard her sing the new

22、 song.(我坐在她附近聽她唱新歌)(指整個過程)六、用作狀語 1.目的狀語，置于句首或句末，置于句首時常表示強調。如：1)In order not to offend people, learning about language etiquette is just as important as learning grammar or vocabulary.2)A group of young people got together to(in order to / so as to) discuss this question.to do / in order to do / so a

23、s to do用作目的狀語，置句末時都可以用，置句首時只用to do / in order to do。so as to do一般不置于句首，可以引導結果狀語從句，in order to do不引導結果狀語從句。2.原因狀語，多見于“sb.+be+adj.+to do.”結構句中。如：1)My dogs name is “Lucky”a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him.2)On Monday he told a radio interviewer that he had run out of money to bu

24、y old bikes. 3.結果狀語，多見于“too.to”(太以致不能)，“enough to.”結構句中。如：1)Then Im too tired to do well. What should I do? 2)The room needs to be big enough for three people to live in.4.有些動詞不定式作狀語，常說明前面形容詞的性質和特性。動詞不定式與句子的主語有邏輯的動賓關系。動詞不定式前面的形容詞一般是：cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, fun, hard, interesting, necessar

25、y。不定式常用主動式表被動意義。. the mistakes you made are necessary for you to learn and understand.這類句子中的動詞不定式可改為主語。5.獨立動詞不定式多用作插入語，表示說話人的心理狀態(tài)或對事情的看法。如：1)Id like to stay healthy, but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.2)To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldnt understand every word. 七、動詞不定

26、式的復合結構動詞不定式的復合結構是“for / of sb. to do sth.”，for / of引出不定式動作的邏輯主語。這種結構在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。不定式復合結構的介詞用for還是of，主要決定于前面形容詞的性質。一般說來，of前面的形容詞是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既說明人的特性，又說明不定式動作的特性。for前面的形容詞是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般說明不定

27、式動作的特性，不說明人的特性。前面如果是名詞用for。如：1.Its also probably a good idea for parents to allow teenagers to study in groups during the evening. 2.Zoos are terrible places for animals to live八、帶疑問詞的不定式短語 動詞不定式前面可以帶疑問代詞what, which, who或疑問副詞how, when, where, why等。這種結構起名詞的作用，在句子里用作賓語、主語、表語等，或者單獨使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不帶t

28、o。如：1.用作句子的成分。1)I dont know what to try next. (作賓語)2)Where to go is not decided yet.(作主語)2.單獨使用時相當于一個特殊疑問句。1)What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?)2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?)九、動詞不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not / never to do.，不帶to的不定式的否定式是not / never do.如：1.Sometimes they have disagreement

29、s, and decide not to talk to each other.2.His parents tell him never to drive after drinking. 十、后面加動名詞與不定式時語義不同的1、stop to do停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing停止做某事。2、forget to do忘記要去做某事。(未做) forget doing忘記做過某事。(已做)3、remember to do 記得去做某事(未做) remember doing記得做過某事(已做)4、regret to do對要做的事遺憾。(未做) regret doing對做

30、過的事遺憾、后悔。(已做)5、cease to do長時間，甚至永遠停做某事。cease doing短時停止做某事，以后還會接著做。6、try to do努力，企圖做某事。 try doing試驗，試著做某事。7、go on to do做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。 go on doing繼續(xù)做原來做的事。8、mean to do打算、想 mean doing意味著對應練習答案：一、Keys：1. A 2. C 3. take， to，build 4. B 簡析動詞不定式作主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞前面的主語位置，也可以用先行詞it作形式主語，而將真正的主語（不定式）置于后面。常見的句式有：

31、（1）It is +形容詞（of sb）to do sth.（2）It is +名詞 （for sb）to do sth.（3）It takes sb some time to do sth.（4）It is +形容詞 （for sb）to do sth.句式 （1）中常用nice，kind， clever，good， right，wrong， foolish， careless等形容詞，與介詞of搭配，這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語的屬性或性質;句式（4）中常用hard，difficult， easy， important等形容詞，與介詞for搭配，表述不定式表示的動作、行為的性質。二、Ke

32、ys：1. C 2. A 3. D 簡析在want， like， agree，hope，wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等動詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語。如果其后接形容詞補足語時，則可以用it作形式賓語，而把作真正賓語的不定式放到后面。三、Key：1. B 2. C 簡析不定式可以用作賓語補足語。后面可以接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有 ：ask， teach， expect，tell， allow等。四、Key：1. A 2. C 簡析go， come， try，do / try ones

33、 best等動詞或短語動詞作謂語時，其后常常可以接不定式作目的狀語。Keys：3. D 4. B簡析“be +形容詞+ to do sth”結構中的不定式作狀語，常表示原因或方式。Keys： 5. is， too，small， for 6. thick， for，to， skate，on 簡析在上述“too +形容詞/副詞 （for sb）to do”（太而不能）和“enough （for sb） to do”（足以、足夠做）結構中，不定式作結果狀語。【典型考題答案】 1-5 ABCCD 6-10 CBDCC【小結】（1）作賓語，如上題1 和2；（2）作賓語補足語，如上題3、4 和5 （3）作

34、主語，如上題6 和7 ；（4） 作狀語，如上題8和9 ；（5）作定語，如上題10。動詞不定式專項練習（Keys: 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. A 16. C 17. B）一、動詞不定式作主語1. Its our duty _ the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans2. Its hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to lea

35、rn D. learning（江西?。?.建造這座立交橋將花費工人們一年多的時間。It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.4. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for，of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to二、動詞不定式作賓語1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys 2. Dont forget _ your homework w

36、ith you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking 3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep 三、動詞不定式作賓語補足語1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D

37、. helps him with 2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked 四、動詞不定式作狀語1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing 2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns 3.

38、Im sorry _ that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear 4. Im sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled）5. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.（改為意思相同的句子）The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. 6. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate

39、 on it. （改為意思相同的句子）The ice on the lake wasnt _ enough _ people _ _ _.【典型考題】1. “What are you going to do this weekend?” “Id like my parents.” A. to visit B. visit C. visiting2. Whats your plan for the summer holidays? Ive no idea, but Ive decided at home.A. stay B. to stay C. stayed D. staying3. Last

40、 week our geography teacher told us more information about how to protect the environment. A. get B. got C. to get D. getting4. Our headmaster asked us a report on how to protect wild animals. A. write B. writing C. to write D. wrote5. How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up?It makes

41、me very proud.A. felt B. to feel C. feeling D. feel6. It took her half an hour the Water Park by bus last Sunday. A. gets to B. get to C. to get to D. getting to7. Its dangerous for you that tall tree.A. climb B. to climb C. climbing D. climbed8. My brother is ill in hospital.Im sorry that. A. hear

42、B. hearing C. heard D. to hear9. more information about the trip, you can go to .A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found10. Some children are arguing about what TV programs . A. watching B. for watching C. to watch D. will watch動詞不定式專項練習 1. Its wrong _ not _ her a letter.A. of you; to write B. for yo

43、u; writing C. of you; writing D. for you; write2. Im sorry, I _ my exercise book at home.Dont forget _ it to school tomorrow, please.A. forget; to take B. left; to bring C. forget; to bring D. left; to take3. Before you go abroad, you need _ about table manners in that country.A. knew B. known C. to

44、 know D. knowing4. I need some paper _.A. to write B. to write on C. to write in D. writing5. I have no pens _. Could you please lend me one?Sure. Here you are.A. to write B. to write down C. to write with D. to write in6.Do you think our football team will win the match?Yes, we have better players.

45、 So I _ them to win. A. hope B. ask C. help D. expect7. I am allowed _ until 12:00 on the evening of the Spring Festival.A. stay up B. to stay up C. staying up D. to staying up8. the“No Car Day”campaign（活動）asks Beijing drivers _their cars at home one day each month.A. leave B. leaving C. to leave D. to be left9. Do you lik