非謂語(-ed)講解

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能 主語賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語表語定語狀語不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞非謂語做題步驟解答語法填空時(shí)，首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，若句子已有謂語動(dòng)詞且不是并謂語時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞必定用非謂語動(dòng)詞；然后分析該非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中作什么句子成分，初定作該成分的應(yīng)是哪一種或幾種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式；最后再根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞各自的特點(diǎn)和用法，同時(shí)看謂語動(dòng)詞有沒有特別的要求，再結(jié)合與邏輯主語的關(guān)系，確定該填哪種形式。可以按照以下四步來解答一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),辨別“謂與非謂”二 找邏輯主語非謂語動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。_these pictures, I couldnt help

2、thinking of those days when I was in Beijing ._ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. ( see)三、分析語態(tài)分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時(shí)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。1. The dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside .2. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .A. was wa

3、shed B. washed C.were washed D.having washed四、分析時(shí)態(tài)1. The building _C_now will be a restaurant .2. The building _B_ next year will be a restaurant .3. The building _D_last year is a restaurant.A. having been built B. to be built C.being built D. built 非謂語動(dòng)詞（done）的用法講解一 作賓補(bǔ)當(dāng)賓語與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用-ed形式。

4、例如：While she was getting me _ _ (settle) into a tiny but clean room思路分析：因句中已有謂語was getting，所以settle應(yīng)是非謂語動(dòng)詞；又由settle sb. into/in/on(使某人舒服地處于某處)可知，me與settle是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過去分詞用賓補(bǔ)，故填settled。注意：1）·在with的賓語后，若用-ed形式，表示賓語與-ed形式在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且意味著該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成2）·getdone=have sth. done請(qǐng)人做/遭受(被動(dòng))。3）·make onesel

5、f 后常用understood, heard, seen, known等作賓補(bǔ)，表示讓別人明白自己的意思/讓自己講的話被別人聽到/讓自己被別人看到/讓自己被別人認(rèn)識(shí)。例如：Alexander tried to get his work _ (recognize) in the medical circles. recognized。考查“get+賓語+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。其中的“賓語”與其后的“過去分詞”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。二 作狀語(1)在表示時(shí)間、讓步、方式或伴隨情況時(shí)，若與句子主語在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ed形式。(2)在“連詞(如when, while, if, though等)+分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中

6、，當(dāng)分詞與主句主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用-ed形式。例如：Though _ (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. surprised, 因the professor與surprise是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用“連詞+過去分詞”作狀語。_ (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. seen, 由于the south foot與see之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要選過去分詞作狀語。The experiment shows

7、that proper amounts of exercise, if _(carry) out regularly, can improve our health. carried，由于exercise(鍛煉) 與carry out(進(jìn)行，執(zhí)行) 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用“連詞+過去分詞”作狀語，if carried out regularly相當(dāng)于if it is carried out regularly三 作定語分詞作定語：被修飾的名詞與分詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用-ed形式。例如：Im calling to enquire about the position _ (advertise) in y

8、esterdays China Daily. advertised, 由于position(職位) 與 advertise(登廣告) 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且廣告昨天已經(jīng)刊發(fā)了，故用過去分詞作定語。So far nobody has claimed the money _ (discover) in the library. discovered, 由于money與discover之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，由句意可知，錢“已經(jīng)”被發(fā)現(xiàn)，故用過去分詞作定語。四 作表語分詞作表語則說明主語的性質(zhì) 像puzzled, surprised, excited等-ed分詞表示“(人)感到的”。 實(shí)例解析1 Mrs. Wh

9、ite showed her students some old maps _ (borrow) from the library. borrowed, 因maps與borrow之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系；再根據(jù)句意，地圖是“已經(jīng)”借來了，所以用過去分詞作定語。2 The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _(lay) for a meal to be cooked. laid, 短語lay a table的意思是“擺桌子”，因句中的table與動(dòng)詞lay之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作定語。3 A great numbe

10、r of students _ (question) said they were forced to practice the piano. questioned,由于students與question(提問，詢問) 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語。4 Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _(amuse) with her stories. amused, 意思是Lucy讓他的同事“感到愉快”，表示人“感到愉快”，用-ed形式作賓補(bǔ)(相當(dāng)于形容詞作賓補(bǔ)的)，故填amused。5 Almost 33

11、 ( freeze), the old man could not get off the ground.frozen, 因句子主語the old man與freeze(凍僵)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作原因狀語。6 It was a presidential talk 33 (deliver) at a time of economic uncertainty for many American families.delivered, 過去分詞作后置定語。非謂語動(dòng)詞可能出現(xiàn)的考查點(diǎn)及易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：一)使用非謂動(dòng)詞的語言結(jié)構(gòu)。1） 在“句子, and/or/but +句子” 的并列句結(jié)構(gòu)中，可能會(huì)考查

12、“以動(dòng)詞原形開頭”的祈使句，四個(gè)答案表面上象非謂語，其實(shí)考查的是謂語。1._hard and you will succeed in the exam.2._hard or you will fail in the exam.A. Study B. To study C. Studying D. Studied 【答案：A A】2） 在“句子，非句子”結(jié)構(gòu)中，非句子部分用非謂語：3. The teacher devoted his life to his career, _ most of his students successful in study.A. make B. to make

13、C. making D. made 【答案：C】3） 在“非句子，句子”結(jié)構(gòu)中，非句子部分用非謂語：4. _with children, I know what is needed most.A. Working B. Having worked C. Worked D. To work 【答案：B】4) 在“with + 賓語+ 賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語補(bǔ)足語可能用非謂語動(dòng)詞：5. With her baby _ on her back, the woman was cleaning the rich mans house.A. sleep B. slept C. to sleep D. s

14、leeping 【答案：D】6. With his hair _ like a role in the film, the boy felt very cool.A. cut B. to be cut C. cutting D. to cut 【答案：B】5） 在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear等使讓動(dòng)詞或感觀動(dòng)詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，也可能用非謂語動(dòng)詞。7. He made his sister _ by taking away her toy.8. His sister was made _ by his taking away her

15、 toy.A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried 【答案： A B】9. the policeman found the thief _ his hand into an old mans pocket and arrested him.A. put B. putting C. to put D. being put 【答案：B】二). 非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：1） 表面上考分詞，實(shí)際上考形容詞的情況：10._ , he fell asleep quickly.A. Tire B. Tiring C. Tired D. To tire 【答案：C】11.The m

16、an won a big prize, _and _.A. surprised ; happy B. surprising ; happy C. surprised ; pleasant D. surprising ; pleased 【答案：A】12. _ in thought of the problems, the man didnt realize his girlfriends coming in.A. Losing B. Lost C. To lose D. Having lost 【答案：B】13. The students _ in art can sign in the fo

17、rm and be a member of our school.A. interest B. interesting C. interested D. To interest 【答案：C】2) 在“被動(dòng)形式表主動(dòng)”情況中出題：14. _ a white skirt, the girl looks like a angel.A. Worn B. wear C. dressed in D. dressing 【答案：C】(wear的后面加衣服；dress表示動(dòng)作時(shí)，后面要加人而不加衣；be dressed in是固定搭配，其中的dressed已經(jīng)演變成形容詞，本是其實(shí)可以看成是when the

18、girl is dressed in a white skirt省略而來的。)15. _ in a armchair, he is always surfing online, eating fish and chips.A. Sit B. Sat C. Seating D. Seated 【答案：D】 （Sit是動(dòng)詞，這里應(yīng)該用sitting; seat作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后不加凳子，要加人，而且這個(gè)詞一般用被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義。）3） 在“主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)”的情況中出題：16._ tired and weak, the woman should have a day off to see a doc

19、tor.A. Look B. Looking C. Looked D. Looking 【答案：D】 （look在本題中不是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，而是感觀系動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞在非謂語中用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)。）17. With many problems _ _ , the newly selected president will have a hard time. A. remain; unsettled B. remaining; unsettled C. remained ; unsettling D. remained; unsettling 【答案：B】（用with開頭的部分在這里是一個(gè)介詞短語，不是句子，

20、因此用非謂語，而remain表示“仍然；仍然是”時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞，只能用主動(dòng)形式；problems與unsettle是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞unsettled.）18. Having some clothes _, I cannot join you to see the film.A. to wash B. to be washed C. washed D . washing 【答案： A】（賓語補(bǔ)足語中的動(dòng)詞用非謂語動(dòng)詞；雖然衣服應(yīng)該是被洗，但是當(dāng)句子主語與不定式為主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，我們用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。） 19. _ smooth, this kind of pen sells well

21、 in our school.A. To write B. Writing C. being written D. Written 【答案 ：B】 （解析：動(dòng)詞如果不是表示動(dòng)作，而是表示物體具有某種性質(zhì)或特征時(shí)，往往用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)。）4）從“主語一致或主語不一致”角度出題：逗號(hào)分開的前后兩部分有時(shí)邏輯主語一致，有時(shí)邏輯主語不一致。邏輯主語不一致時(shí)，非謂語動(dòng)詞一般要自帶邏輯主語，這種現(xiàn)象叫做“分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)?！?0. _ from this angle, the mountain looks like a face of a man.A. To see B. Seeing C. Seen

22、 D. Saw 【21答案：C】（解析：空格處的動(dòng)詞本身沒有帶主語，那么本句的主語the mountain就要做其邏輯主語，由于the mountain與see是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以我們選用過去分詞。）21. _, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon. 【22答案：C】 A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Time's permitting（ 解析：permit與I沒有主謂關(guān)系，也沒有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，permit自帶了邏輯主語time(“時(shí)間允許的話”)，而t

23、ime與permit為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。）三）注意的幾點(diǎn)：1）有些分詞有時(shí)可作分詞有時(shí)又可作形容詞。22. _ enemy, Liu Hunan was very brave. 【23答案C】23. _ with difficulties, we should not give in.【24答案B】A. To face B. Faced C. Facing D. face（解析：22題中的face是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，由于與Liu Hunan是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，我們用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，；23題中實(shí)際上考查了be faced with這一固定搭配，其中的faced看成形容詞。）24.

24、 The president of South Africa flied to Libya, _ to help solve the crisis.25. The president of South Africa flied to Libya, _ at helping solve the crisis.A. aim B. aiming C. aimed D. to aim 【25選B 26選C】（解析：24題考查了動(dòng)詞aim to do sth.(旨在做某事)，；25題考查固定搭配be aimed at doing sth. (旨在做某事)其中的aimed看成形容詞）26. Though

25、_ money, his parents sent him to a key university.27. Though _ in money, his parents sent him to a key university.28. Though in _ of money, his parents sent him to a key university.A. lack B. lacking C. lacked D. to lack 【27選B、28選B、29選A】（解析：26題中非謂語動(dòng)詞lacking（與his parents及money分別構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系和動(dòng)賓關(guān)系）；27題中考

26、查了固定搭配：be lacking in(“缺少”)，其中的lacking 為形容詞；28題考查了固定搭配（介賓結(jié)構(gòu)）in lack of(“缺少”)，其中的lack是名詞，這其實(shí)是由though his parents were in lack of money省略了主語和were而業(yè)的）2）作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，doing與(only)to do的區(qū)別。表示結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞（v+ing）表示意料之中的結(jié)果；而不定式（to do/ only to do）表示意料之外的結(jié)果：29. His parents were killed in the accident,(thus )_ him an or

27、phan.A. leave B. leaving C. left D. to leave 【 30選B】（解析：他父母出了事故，他變成了孤兒就是意料之中在事情了，用現(xiàn)在分詞表結(jié)果狀語。） 30. I hurried to school, only _ that it was Sunday. 【31選D】A. find B. finding C. found D. to find（解析：發(fā)現(xiàn)是星期天是我匆忙趕到學(xué)校意料之外的結(jié)果，說明我忘記了，如果我知道是星期天就不可能還匆忙地趕到學(xué)校了。用不定式表意料之外的的結(jié)果。）3）作主語時(shí)，非謂語動(dòng)詞之to do 與doing 的區(qū)別。31. _is a

28、 good form of exercise for both young and old. 【32選B】A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk（不定式做主語常表示具體的一次性的動(dòng)作;動(dòng)句詞表示一般的經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，多次散步才會(huì)有利于健康。）4）演變成了介詞或連詞的分詞。英語中有些詞表面上看是分詞，但實(shí)際上已經(jīng)變成了介詞，因此應(yīng)該用ing形式還是分詞ed形式已經(jīng)變得約定俗成了。這時(shí)往往不適用非謂動(dòng)詞規(guī)則，而是看英美人士的習(xí)慣。32. _her age，she looks quite youngAConsider B. Considered C. To

29、consider D. Considering（解析：題意是：“就她的年齡而論，她顯得十分年輕?！边@里的considering表示“考慮到；鑒于”，它已經(jīng)變成了介詞，不管是“考慮還是被考慮”這里都用considering。）高中階段我們還學(xué)過的有：介詞concerningregardingaccording toincludingowing to關(guān)于關(guān)于根據(jù)；按照包括因?yàn)?；由于連詞givensupposingseeing (that)imagingproviding/provided鑒于假如因?yàn)?；既然假如假?）有些非謂語動(dòng)詞是省略而來的，有些則不是。33. _ by her mother,

30、the girl burst into tears. 【34選B】A. Be scolded B. Scolded C. Scolding D. To scold（解析：scold與the girl是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞作原因狀語；其實(shí)這個(gè)句子也是由一個(gè)完整的原因狀語從句省略來的。原句為：Because the girl was scolded by her mother, the girl burst into tears.當(dāng)主從復(fù)合句的主語一致，且謂語動(dòng)詞里有be 動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以把 “連詞+主語+be” 部分省略。）34. _ the tomb for 5 years, he is no

31、w called an expert more or less. 【選B】A. Studying B. Having studied C. Having been studied D. To study（解析：逗號(hào)前面部分不是句子省略而來，由于he 與study是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，加上study在先（有5年了），被 叫做“專家”在后，所以用非謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)完成式）6）“連詞+分詞”和“介詞+動(dòng)名詞”的區(qū)別。35. if _ another hour, I would have finished it better.(give的恰當(dāng)形式填空)。36. While _ homework, the

32、boy likes listening to light music.(do的恰當(dāng)形式填空)（解析：35.given 是由if I had been given another hour省略來的，if 在省略前省略后都是連詞；36.doing 是由while the boy are doing homework省略來的，while在省略前后都是連詞）37. After _ , he found a job as a secretary in a company.(graduate的恰當(dāng)形式填空)38. Before_ a proper person to be the new presiden

33、t, the old president wouldnt resign.(select的恰當(dāng)形式填空)（解析：37. graduating/graduation after 這時(shí)是個(gè)介詞，所以后面總是用動(dòng)名詞，如果改為after he graduated，那么這個(gè)after就變成了連詞。38題中的before用法與after 一樣，后面加句子時(shí)，是連詞，后面只加一個(gè)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要用動(dòng)名詞形式，并充當(dāng)介詞。所以38填selecting）選擇題( )1 For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. A. g

34、rown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow ( )2 not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D.Having reminded( )3 _ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars. A. Giv

35、ing B. Having given C. To give D. Given ( )4 Now that weve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ?A. taking B. take C. takenD. to take( )5 With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected (

36、 )6 Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat( )7 _ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged( )8 _and short of

37、 breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. A. Tire B. TiredC. TiringD. Being tired( )9 Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _with his old one. A. comparing     B. compares C. to compare 

38、60;  D. compared ( )10 We finished the run in less than half the time.A.allowingB.to allowC.allowedD.allows( )11 The trees in the storm have been moved off the road.A.being blown downB.blown downC.blowing downD.to blow down( )12 It is one of the funniest thingson the Internet so far this year.A

39、.findingB.being foundC.to findD.found( )13 To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear Englishas much as we can.A.speakB.speakingC.spokenD.to speak( )14 “Thingsnever come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself.A.lostB.losingC.to loseD.have lost( )15 There have been several new events

40、to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A.addB.to addC.addingD.added( )16 A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending，but the reader must not be left.A.unsatisfiedB.unsatisfyingC.to be unsatisfying D.being unsatisfied( )17 _for the breakdown of the school computer networ

41、k，Alice was in low spirits.A.BlamingB.BlamedC.To blameD.To be blamed( )18 Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure”award，a titleto ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.A.being givenB.is givenC.givenD.was given( )19 The prize of the game show is $30，000 and an all expen

42、sesvacation to China.A.payingB.paidC.to be paidD.being paid( )20 _into use in April，2000，the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.A.PutB.PuttingC.Having putD.Being put答案解析1 A 2 B 3 D 4 C 5 C 6 A 7 C 8 B 9 D 10 C 11 B 12 D 13 C 14 A 15 D16 A 17 B 18 C 19 B 20

43、A 填空題1 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ (carry) out the next year. 2 To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ (speak) as much as we can. 3 He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _(interest) in his lectures. 4 Jo

44、hn received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ (finish), he gladly accepted it. 5 He had it _(fix), because he doesnt know much about computers. 6. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ (improve) in a short period. 7. Helen had to shout to make he

45、rself _ (hear) above the sound of the music. 8 _ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. 9 When _ (ask) why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. 10 The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _(water) every day. 11

46、 The trees _(blow) in the storm have been moved off the road. 12. Can those _ (seat) at the back of the classroom hear me? 13.The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _(finish) for the day. 14 _ (give) the general state of health, it may take him a while to recover from the oper

47、ation. 15 _(look at) in this way, the situation doesnt seem so disappointing.16 Most of the photographers _(invite) to the conference were from north Europe.17 The speaker raised his voice but couldnt make himself _.(hear)18 In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _ my study.(lock)19 Mrs.

48、Bush stood _(surprise) for a moment when an old soldier suddenly appeared before her.20 _ (determine) to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately（答案都是用ed形式）翻譯題：1考慮所有事情之后，之前計(jì)劃好的旅行不得不被取消。（consider, have to）All things considered , the planned trip will have to be called off.2 . 看到那條巨蛇

49、后，小女孩站在樹下害怕的要死.(see, out of ones life)Seeing the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree, frightened out of her life.3一般來說，當(dāng)采取根據(jù)方向時(shí)藥物沒有副作用.(side effect)Generally speaking, when taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.4這項(xiàng)研究被設(shè)計(jì)為 一旦開始 任何事情都無法改變它（的進(jìn)行）。(so.that; once)The re

50、search is so designed that once begun  nothing can be done to change it.5建于1613年的哈佛，是美國(guó)最著名的大學(xué)之一。Founded  in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.6你要是去西安，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)那里的宮殿比一般認(rèn)為的壯麗得多。（magnificent; than）If you go to Xian, you will find the palaces there more magni

51、ficent than commonly supposed 7給予更多的關(guān)注，樹可以生長(zhǎng)更好Given  more attention, the tree could have grown better.8當(dāng)和整個(gè)地球相比時(shí)，最高的山根本就不算高。When compared with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.9被單獨(dú)留在漆黑的房間里，小男孩嚇哭了Left alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.10以友善的方式解決,他們的爭(zhēng)吵也結(jié)束了。（settle;come to an end）Settled in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.語法填空I was always told that the three Ps, patience, positive thinking and pe