初中英語句子成分講解練習(xí)及答案

1、騰訓(xùn)學(xué)校語法班-一句子成分及基本句型【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主語、謂語、賓語（直接賓語、間接賓語）、表語、定 語和狀語、賓語補足語等。（一）主語：主語是謂語講述的對象，表示所說的“是什么”或“是誰"。一般由名 詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語來充當(dāng)。它在句首。如：（1） Lucy is a beautiful nurse.（名 詞作主語）（2） He reads newspapers everyday.（代詞作主語）（3） Smoking is harmful to the health. （動名詞作主語）（4） To swim in Kunming Lake is

2、 a great pleasure.（不定式作主語）（5） What we should do is not yet decided. （主語從句作主語）（二）謂語說明主語“做什么” “是什么”或“怎么樣”。謂語（謂語部分里主要的詞）同 須是動詞謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。它在主語后面。如：His parents are teachers. （系動詞和表語一起作謂語）We study hard.（行為動詞作謂語）We don' t finish reading the book.（助動詞和行為動詞一起作謂語）He can speak English.（情態(tài)動詞和行為動詞一起作謂

3、語）（三）賓語賓語是動作、行為的對象，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語來 擔(dān)任，它和及物動詞一起說明主語做什么。一般放在謂語之后。She is doing her homework now.(名詞作賓語) She says (that) she is ill.（賓語從句作動詞賓語）We often help him.（代詞作賓語）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作賓語）We enjoy listening to the music.我們喜歡聽音樂。（動名詞短語作賓語）說明1：賓語是及物動詞涉及到的人或物，賓語一般放在及物動詞之后。介詞 后面的名詞或代詞

4、或動名詞，稱為介詞賓語。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞常在句中做動詞賓 語或介詞賓語。另外，動詞不定式可作動詞賓語;動名詞和賓語從句也可用作動詞 賓語。說明2：及物動詞作謂語時，后面要跟賓語。賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語。直 接賓語是及物動詞的直接對象，直接賓語園物,間接賓語通常是及物動詞的動作所 及的人，間接賓語園見。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語之前。不是所有的及物動詞都可以用雙賓語。有的動詞可以跟。如：give, show（給 看），bring, pass, buy 等。 如：（1） Our teacher tells us a story. （2） The sun gives us light.間接賓語如果放

5、在直接賓語之后,在表示“人”的間接賓語之前會出現(xiàn)介詞恒 或 "forT間接賓語前加“d”的有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise （答應(yīng)）,refuse （拒絕）等。間接賓語加“f?！钡挠校簃ake, buy, do, get, play, order （命令）, sing, pay 等（1） I give him a book. 改成：（2） He passes me the book.（他將書遞給我。） 改成：（3） He write

6、s me a letter. 改成：（4） He will buy me some books. 改成：（5） She is making me a cake. 改成： （四）賓語補足語在賓語后面補充說明賓語的動作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分,稱為賓語補足語。名昆 形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及動詞不定式、分詞等可用作賓語補足語。賓語和賓語 補足語稱為復(fù)合賓語。如：They make her happy.（形容詞）I see her dance.（不定式）We 11 help you to make the Olympics a success.（名詞）Please let him in.（副詞）We he

7、ard her singing a song.（分詞短語）（五）表語表語說明主語“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定 式及相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞或短語來擔(dān)任。它的位置在系動詞后面。如：I am a teacher.（名詞）He is always happy.（形容詞）They are on the playground now.（介詞短語）It gets cold.（形容詞）Be 動詞（am, is, are, was, were）系動訶 表保持（keep, stay, remain）表改變(get, become> turn)感官動詞（feel, sound （聽起

8、來）,seem/look （看起來）,taste （嘗 起來），smell （聞起來）如：It sounds interesting, （sound 為系動詞，interesting 為表語）We should all remain careful. Remain （為系動詞，careful 為表語）（六）定語定語是用來修飾名詞或代詞的。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、不等 式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語等。單個詞作定語時,通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前。如：The black bike is mine.（形容詞）What , s your name （代詞）They make paper flo

9、wers.（名詞）說明 1:當(dāng)定語修飾不定代詞：nothing, anything, everything, something 等時，定語在不定代詞后面。如：I tell him something interesting.（形容詞interesting作不定代詞something的后置定語）He has something to do.（to do為不定式作后置定語）說明2：悔語或從句|作定語時,也放在被修飾的名詞之后。如：The boys in the room are in Class Four. （in the room 是介 詞短語作the boys的后置定語。）（七）狀語修飾動詞

10、、形容詞、副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式、程 度等意義，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來表示。狀語 一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。如：He did it carefully.（副詞） We often help him.（副詞）Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.（介詞短語）When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.（從句作時間狀語）He sits there.（副詞地點狀語）【簡單句的五種基本句型】A.主語+不及物動詞（主謂）如：The s

11、un rises. 太陽升起來。The car stopped. 小汽車停下來了。rise和stop都是不及物動詞，因此后邊不必加賓語。B.主語+及物動詞+賓語（主謂賓）如：I love my country.He helps me. I like action movies.I buy a book.C.主語+系動詞+表語（主系表）如：Her brother is a driver.We feel happy, （feel為系動詞,表示感到）It gets dark.天黑了。（get為系動詞，表示變得）Tom looks ill. Tom看上去病了。（look為系動詞，表示看上去，看起 來）

12、D.主語+及物動詞+雙賓語（直接賓語、間接賓語）（主謂+宜賓+間賓）如：He gives Tom a present.（雙賓語）他給湯姆一件禮物。Mother make a new dress for me.（雙賓語）媽媽為我做了一件衣服。E.主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語（主+謂+賓+賓補）如：They call her Mary.（賓補）他們叫她 Mary。We make our classroom clean and tidy.（賓補）我們使我們的教室干凈而整齊。He always makes us laugh.（賓補）他總使我們笑。一、典型例題寫出劃線部分的句子成分。1. Lily

13、is cleaning the desk now,2. Her garden is the bestin ouc town.3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old.4. I like this book verymuch.5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane' s sister. 6. She didn' t come to my party because she was ill.7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully. 8. We will go to the Chil

14、drenf s Palace once a week.9. They are in the classroom.10. It sounds good,11. His name is Paul.12. We always go to schoolearly,二、課后練習(xí)（一）挑出下列句中的賓語My brotherdoesn' tdohis homework.AB CD©Peoplealloverthe worldspeakEnglish.AB CD You must paygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.A BC D How many neww

15、ordsdoyoulearn ?A B C D Some of thestudentsin the school wantto go swimming, howaboutyou?ABCD（二）挑出下列句中的表語The old manisfeelingverytired.ABCD Why isheworriedaboutjim?A B C DTheleaveshaveturnedyellow.A B C D SoonTheya11become interestedin the subject.ABC D Sheisthe firstto learnabout it.A BCD（三）挑出下列句中的

16、定語（pTheyuseMr, Mrs. with thefamilyname,A BC DWhatisyourgivermame?A BC D On thethirdlapareClass 1 and Class 3.AB C D I amafraidsomepeopleforgotto sweepthe floor.ABCDThe mandownstairswastryingto sleep.A B C D（四）挑出下列句中的賓語補足語 Shelikesthe childrento read newspapers and booksin thereading-room.ABCD Heasks

17、herto take the boyout of school.AB CD Shefinditdifficultto do the work.ABC D TheycallmeLilysometimes.ABCIsawMr. Wangget on the bus.AB CD（五）挑出下列句中的狀語Thereisa big smileon her face.ABC DEvery nightheheardthe noiseupstairs.ABCD Hebeganto learnEnglishwhen he was eleven.ABCDThe manon the motorbikeis travelling!:。fast.ABC DWith the medicine box under her arm, MissLihurried off.AB C D（六）劃出句中的直接賓語（）和間接賓語（） Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me lastweek. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Giv