助動(dòng)詞用法歸納小學(xué)

1、助動(dòng)詞用法歸納小學(xué)-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)JINGBIAN助動(dòng)詞(Auxiliary Verb)：協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞詞組的詞。自身沒(méi)有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用。主要?jiǎng)釉~(Main Verb)：是被協(xié)助的動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。He doesn't like English.他不喜歡英語(yǔ)。(doesn't是助動(dòng)詞，無(wú)詞義；like是主要?jiǎng)釉~，有詞義)最常用的助動(dòng)詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would 等?；局鷦?dòng)詞只有三個(gè)：be, do, have他們沒(méi)有詞匯意義，只有語(yǔ)法作用，如協(xié)助構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)，完成

2、時(shí)，被動(dòng)態(tài)，否定句，疑問(wèn)句等。一、be動(dòng)詞的用法既可作系動(dòng)詞，又可作助動(dòng)詞，做助動(dòng)詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化，第一人稱用am,第二人稱及復(fù)數(shù)用are,第三人稱及單數(shù)用is, amjs過(guò)去 式為was, are的過(guò)去式為were,它與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和過(guò)去 分詞一起構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。a.表示時(shí)態(tài)be+doing （現(xiàn)在分詞）表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作He is singing.他正在唱歌。b.表示語(yǔ)態(tài)be+done（過(guò)去分詞）表被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)He was sent to England.他被派往英國(guó)。c. be+to do （動(dòng)詞不定式）表示計(jì)劃安排命令。We are to plant trees next week

3、.下周我們將要去植樹(shù)。You are to explain this o對(duì)此你要做出解釋。二、do的用法D。主要幫助實(shí)意動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成否定和疑問(wèn)句，后跟動(dòng)詞原形，有時(shí)放在 實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，還可代替前文出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞，避免重復(fù)。Do 有人稱和數(shù)的變化，第一、二人稱及復(fù)數(shù)用do,第三人稱及單數(shù)用 does,過(guò)去式為（lido1）構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。DO +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他I like singing 變?yōu)橐蓡?wèn)句為 Do you like singing2）do + not構(gòu)成否定句。主語(yǔ)+do+not+動(dòng)詞原形。I do not want to be criticized.我不想挨批評(píng)。He does

4、n't like to study.他不想學(xué)習(xí)。Many students didn't know the importance of English before. 過(guò)去好多學(xué)生不知道英語(yǔ)的重要性.3)構(gòu)成否定祈使句。Don't go there.不要去那里。Don't be so absent-minded.不要這么心不在焉。說(shuō)明：構(gòu)成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和doeso4)放在動(dòng)詞原形前，加強(qiáng)該動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣。Do come to my birthday party please. 請(qǐng)一定來(lái)參加我的生日宴 會(huì)。I did go there.我確實(shí)去那兒了

5、。I do miss you.我確實(shí)想你。我真想你了 ！5)用作代替動(dòng)詞。- Do you like Beijing?-你喜歡北京嗎？- Yes, I do.No,I don't.-是的，喜歡。(do 用作代動(dòng)詞，代替like Beijing.)He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he?他知道如何開(kāi)車，對(duì) 吧？三、have的用法Have+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)I have studied english for a long time .情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法歸納情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有 can (could), may (might), must, have

6、 to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to 等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱和 數(shù)的變化；不能單獨(dú)使用，必須與其后的動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。一、can, could1）表示能力Mary can speak three languages.Can you skate?此時(shí)可用be able to代替。Can只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去式；而be able to則有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。ril not be able to come this aftenioon.當(dāng)表示“經(jīng)過(guò)努力才得以做成功某事時(shí)應(yīng)用be able to,不能用Ca

7、no 如:He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2）表示請(qǐng)求和允許。Can I go now?Yes, you can. / No, you can't.此時(shí)可與may互換。在疑問(wèn)句中還可用could,might代替，不是 過(guò)去式，只是語(yǔ)氣更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答語(yǔ)中。- Could I come to see you tomorrow?Yes, you can. （No, I'm afraid not.）3）表示推測(cè)（驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度），用于疑問(wèn)句、否

8、定句和感嘆句中。Can this be true?This can't be done by him.How can this be true?二、may, might1）表示請(qǐng)求和允許。might比may語(yǔ)氣更委婉，而不是過(guò)去 式。否定回答時(shí)可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以，禁止”。Might/ May I smoke in this room?No, you mustn't.- May/Might I take this book out of the room?Yes, you can. （No, you can't / mustn&#

9、39;t.）用May I.征徇對(duì)方許可時(shí)比較正式和客氣，而用Can I.在口語(yǔ) 中更常見(jiàn)。2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!3）表示推測(cè)、可能性（不用于疑問(wèn)句）。might不是過(guò)去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。1 . He may /might be very busy now.2 . Your mother may /might not know the truth.三、must, have to1）表示必須、必要。You must come in time.在回答引出的問(wèn)句時(shí)，如果是否定的，不能用mustift （禁止， 不準(zhǔn)），而用 needn't, d

10、on't have to （不必）.Must we hand in our exercise books today?Yes, you must.- No, you don't have to / you needn't.2） must是說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，而have to則強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。Must只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，have to有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式。1 . he play isn't interesting, I really must go now.2 . I had to work when I was your age.3）表示推測(cè)、可能性（只用于肯定的陳述句）1

11、 . Yoifre Tom good friend, so you must know what he likes best.2 . Your mother must be waiting for you now.四、shall, should1） shall +動(dòng)詞原形 表示將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)Shall we go shopping tomorrow?2） shall用于第一人稱，征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)。What shall we do this evening?shall用于第二、三人稱，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允 諾或威脅。1. You shall fail if you don't wor

12、k haid.（警告）2. He shall have the book when I finish it.（允諾）3. He shall be punished.（威脅）六、will, would1）表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，would更委婉。Would you like a cup of coffee 你想要一杯咖啡嗎？2） will +動(dòng)詞原形表將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)He will come back next month他下個(gè)月將會(huì)回來(lái)。3）表示意志、愿望和決心。1.1 will never do that again.助動(dòng)詞練習(xí)題1. 下列句子變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句。2. It is a lovely dog.3

13、. She is lovely girl.4. We are classmates.4.1 am a doctor.5. There is a bird in the tree.6. They are good friends.7.1 love my parents.9 . We have a pleasant home.10 .They go to church on Sunday.11 .You are a singer.2.用 d。does be 填空1>she know all the answersYes , she. No, she.2>the twins often

14、fightYes ,do. No,don't3>your dad like listening to musicYes ,does . No,doesn't.5>you have a new teacherYes ,工. No, I.6>she a teacherYes, she. No, she.10>your father smoking in the living roomYesz is .No, he.助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法1. Can John Smith his homework on time?A. finish B

15、. finishes C. finishing D. finished2.She dare out by herself at night.A. go not B. not to go C. to not go D. not go3. You to the party tonight if you have something important to do.A. don't need come B. needn't to comeC. needn't come D. don't need coming4. We'H be ready to leave

16、at eight.一Well, John must back by then.A. being B. is C. be D. to be5. Your grandmother the newspaper without glasses.A. can still read B. cans still readC. still can reads D. can still reads二、must, need, dare 的用法6. Must I get up early tomorrow, Dad?一No, you. Tomorrow is Sunday.A. can't B. mustn

17、't C. needn't D. couldn't7. Must we finish the book today?一Yes, you.A. can B. may C. need D. must8. You play on the road. It's dangerous.A. mustn't B. may C. can D. must9. You return the book now. You can keep it until next week.A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. dare

18、not10.1 a sleeping bag because I've already got one.A. needn't have B. didn't have C. don't need D. need not11.Mr Smith a pen from Jack.A. must to borrow B. had borrowedC. must borrowed D. had to borrow三、can, could, may, might 的用法12The man walk fast because he is lame in the right fo

19、ot.A. must B. mustn't C. can D. can't13 .Could I borrow your dictionary?一Yes, of course you.A. will B. would C. must D. can14 .A computer think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. might not B. may not C. couldn't D. can't15 .That must be a mistake.I don't think so. It a mis

20、take.A. may be not B. needn't be C. cannot be16 .He help crying at the news of his father's death.A. couldn't B. shouldn't C. hadiVt D. didn't17 .“Now,all smile, please? he asked.A. may you B. do you C. shall you D. can you1.1 1 haven,t brought my dictionary with me.I use yours?A

21、. Must B. Shall C. May D. Need四、should, would, shall, will 的用法19 .Must I copy the new words in class?一No, you. You do it at home.A. needn't, may B. mustn't, mustC mustn't, may D. needn't, mustn't20 .Would you please not draw pictures on the wall?一Sorry. I it again.A. am not doing

22、 B don't do C didn't do D. won't do1.1 I open the windowIt's so warm here.A. Shall B. Will C. Would D. Must22 .you like some oranges?A. Would B. Can C. May D. Must23 .Tom said that he apologize to Mary.A. would B. will C. shall D. is going to24 .“Do you think we turn back?” Jane aske

23、d.A. shall B. will C. should D. would1 .He any help. He can do it all by himself.A. needs not B. needn'tC. doesn't need D. doesn't need to ask2 .Li Fang isn't in the classroom. He be at the library. Let's go and find him.A. can B. must C. need D. should3 .May I have a look at you

24、r new watch一Yes, you.A. can B. must C. need D. should4 .Must I hand in the exercise book tomorrow一No, you. You can hand it in the day after tomorrow.A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. couldn't5 .There an English test next Monday.A. maybe B. was C. may be D. may6 .You'd better ask

25、someone, or you get lost.A. may B. mustn't C. are going to D. can7 .uCome on!” Peter called. uWe stay here any longer.”A. couldn't B. can't C. hadn't to D. mightn't8.Must Tom write it now No, he.A. needift B. can't C. must D. mustn't9.uHave you seen Li recently?”“No, I th

26、ink he must away on vacation.”A. being B. is C. be D. to be1O.UA11 right. You if you don't want to.”A. don't need stay B. needn't stay C. needn't to stay D. don't need staying1 : She to see documentai ies （1 己錄片）.A、do want B、donft want C、doesn*t want D、not want2 : Look at that pi

27、cture on the wall.you like itA、Do B、Can C、Could D、Are3 : He like pears.A、do B、is C、doesn't D、not4 : Do you often go to the cinema Sunday?No, we.A、on, don't B、on, aren't C、in, do D、in, don't5 : 一 Can you see a light on the table?-Yes,.A、I am B、Pm not C、I can D、He isn't6 ： Does the

28、 boy want to be an actor? _.A、Yes, he is B、No, he does C、Yes, he does D、No, he isn't7 :he have any applesA、Do B、Does C、Is D、Are8 : She want to be a policewoman, because she thinks it's kind of dangerous.A、isn't B、aren't Cs don't D、doesn't9 : Why he have brown hairA、do B、does

29、C、is D、has10 : What time he get home every dayA、is B、does C、do D、am11 : What you see in the pictureA、is Bs are C、can D、have12 : Jack like flying kites throwing a frisby.A、don't, or B、doesn't, and C、don't, and D、doesn't, or13 ： A ：Jim a ball?B ： No, he.A、Do, have, don't B、Does, ha

30、s, doesn't C、Is, have, isn't D、Does, have, doesn't14 ： I have a watch.A、am not B、does C、don't D、doesn't15 :you a good time on your vacationA、Did; have B、Did; had C、Were; have D、Were; had16 : Simon likes football, but he doesn't it well.A、play, plays B、to play, plays C、plays,

31、playing D、playing, play17 : She have to wash the dishes now.A、don't B、not C、doesn*t D、can't18 : _Colin Chinese history? Yes, he does.A、Do; like B、Does; likes C、Do; likes D、Does; like19 ： Li Lei lunch at home.A、hasn't B、haven't C、don't have D、doesn't have20 : 一 Who cleaned the blackboard yesterday, Dick? - JohnA、cleaned B、does C、did D、is21 :you usually come to school by bikeA、Don't B、Doesn't C、Aren't D、Isn't22 : 一 Where lions come from? 一