高考英語(yǔ) Unit 3　Under the sea要點(diǎn)梳理 重點(diǎn)突破 新人教版選修7

1、選修7Unit 3Under the sea要 點(diǎn) 梳 理 高效梳理·知識(shí)備考重點(diǎn)單詞1annual adj.每年的；按年度計(jì)算的n.年刊；年鑒annually adv.每年地；年度地anniversary n周年紀(jì)念2witness vt.當(dāng)場(chǎng)見(jiàn)到；目擊 n目擊者；證人；證據(jù)3accommodation n住所；住宿4opposite prep.在對(duì)面 adj.相對(duì)的；相反的5pause vi. & n暫停；中止6telescope n望遠(yuǎn)鏡7flee vi.逃避；逃跑 vt.逃離fled/fled (過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞)8drag vt.拖；拉；扯9depth n深(度)；

2、深處10urge vt.催促；極力主張；驅(qū)策11abandon vt.放棄；遺棄；拋棄abandoned adj.放縱的；墮落的12target n目標(biāo)；靶；受批評(píng)的對(duì)象13reflect vi.思考 vt.映射；反射；思考reflection n映像；思考；反映14aware adj.意識(shí)到的；知道的awareness n意識(shí)15neat adj.(口)好的；整齊的；勻稱的16scare vt.恐嚇 vi.受驚嚇scared adj.恐懼的；害怕的scary adj.引起恐慌的17Antarctic adj.南極的18awesome adj.使人敬畏的；令人畏懼的awe n. & v

3、t.敬畏；使畏懼；滿心敬畏awful adj.可怕的，嚇人的，極度的，很糟的awfully adv.極度地，十分地重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1in the meantime在此期間；與此同時(shí)2be/become aware of 對(duì)知道、明白；意識(shí)到3(be) scared to death 嚇?biāo)懒?draw near 靠近5hold up 阻擋6help(.) out 幫助(某人)擺脫困境或危難7upside down 上下翻轉(zhuǎn)8sort out 整理；分類；收拾9aim at 瞄準(zhǔn)10be about to do sth. 正要做某事重點(diǎn)句型1This was the call that announced

4、 there was about to be a whale hunt. 這是宣告捕鯨行動(dòng)馬上就要開(kāi)始的聲音。2“Come on,_Clancy. To the boat，”. 快點(diǎn)，克蘭西。 快到船上去，”3Im sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the daya day of pure magic! 我坐在溫暖的夜色中，手持一杯冷飲回憶著這一天這奇妙至極的一天！4The fish didnt seem to mind me swimming among them. 魚兒好

5、像不介意我在它們中間游動(dòng)。高考范文(2008·天津)假設(shè)2008年2月12日是你父親的生日，下面三幅圖描繪的是你給父親買完禮物后乘坐地鐵回家時(shí)經(jīng)歷的一件事。請(qǐng)根據(jù)圖示，用英語(yǔ)寫一篇日記記敘這件事，并談?wù)勛约旱母惺?。注意?.詞數(shù)不少于100；2可適當(dāng)加入細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：地鐵(列車)subway trainFebruary 12th, 2008_范文February 12th, 2008 Today is Fathers birthday. I went to buy a gift to make his day. The subway train taking me h

6、ome was crowded, but I was lucky to get a seat. I sat there quietly imagining Fathers smiling, satisfied and happy face at receiving the gift. The train stopped at the next stop and an old lady with two large suitcases got on. Seeing her so tired, I offered my seat to her although I felt exhausted m

7、yself. The old lady thanked me and I smiled back at her. Maybe that was another gift for Father. I also realized how much sweeter the journey would be if you make it smoother for others!考 點(diǎn) 探 究 互動(dòng)探究·能力備考.詞匯短語(yǔ)過(guò)關(guān)1witness n. 目擊者；證人；證據(jù)vt. 當(dāng)場(chǎng)見(jiàn)到；目擊a witness to 的目擊者bear/give witness (to) 證明；作證call to

8、witness 請(qǐng)作證；傳作證witness to(doing) sth. 作證即學(xué)即練1(1)The successful launch of Shenzhou is _ our countrys increasing prosperity.“神舟”七號(hào)的成功發(fā)射是我們偉大祖國(guó)日益強(qiáng)盛的有力見(jiàn)證。(2)The two servants _ Mr Smiths will.兩個(gè)仆人在史密斯先生的遺囑上簽名作證。powerful witness towitnessed(3)She was punished for _.她因作偽證受到懲處。(4)The worker _ the accused ne

9、ar the scene of the crime.這個(gè)工人作證說(shuō)曾看見(jiàn)被告在犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)附近。giving false witnesseswitnessed to having seen2accommodation n. 住所；住宿，膳宿供應(yīng)；(pl.) 提供便利的設(shè)備(或用具)；適應(yīng)，調(diào)節(jié)accommodate vt. 向提供住宿(或膳宿)；容納，接納，招待住宿；供應(yīng)，供給；使適應(yīng)，使適合，調(diào)節(jié)make accommodations for 為提供膳宿book accommodation at a hotel 向旅館預(yù)訂房間arrange sb.s accommodation 給某人安排住處a

10、ccommodate/adapt to 使適應(yīng)accommodate oneself toadapt oneself to 適應(yīng)，順應(yīng)accommodate/supply sb. with 向某人提供方便即學(xué)即練2(1)The house will _ two families.這幢房子可容納兩家人居住。(2)The bank will _ you _ a loan.銀行將提供一筆貸款給你。(3)You will have to _ yourself _ the situation. 你必須使自己適應(yīng)形勢(shì)。accommodateaccommodatewithaccommodateto(4)Ca

11、n we find _ at a hotel for tonight?我們今晚能找到旅館住宿嗎？(5)This hotel has _ 500 guests.accommodationsaccommodations for3urge vt.催促，力勸，強(qiáng)烈要求 n強(qiáng)烈的欲望，迫切要求urge on/upon sb.向某人極力陳述某事urge against.極力反對(duì)urge sb. to do sth.催促某人做某事urge sb. into doing催促某人做某事urge that sb.(should) do sth.主張；力勸It is/was urged that.有人主張have

12、an urge to do sth.渴望做某事即學(xué)即練3(1)He _ his pupils the importance of hard work.他向?qū)W生們力言用功的重要。(2)We _ her _ her birthday gift from her boyfriend.我們催她打開(kāi)她男朋友送給她的生日禮物。(3)My friends urged that I _ for the job.朋友們力勸我申請(qǐng)那份工作。(4)I was urged that he _.有人極力主張他應(yīng)受到處罰。urged onurgedto open(should) apply(should) be puni

13、shed(5)The vacation is coming and I _.假期快到了，我很想外出旅行。have an urge to travel4abandon vt. 放棄，遺棄，拋棄；使任憑擺布n. 放任，放縱，狂放；無(wú)拘無(wú)束abandon sth./sb. to sb. 舍棄某物/人而被別人取得abandon sth. for sth. 舍棄某物去取另一物abandon oneself to sth. 沉湎于某事abandon sb. to the mercy of 聽(tīng)任某人由擺布abandon smoking 戒煙abandon a project/plan 放棄一項(xiàng)方案/計(jì)劃wi

14、th abandon 放肆地；恣意地即學(xué)即練4(1)The child _ his parents.這孩子被父母遺棄了。(2)The crew _ the burning ship.水手們離棄了燃燒著的船。was abandoned byabandoned(3)I _ of being a doctor.我放棄了當(dāng)醫(yī)生的希望。(4)She _ herself _ despair.她陷入絕望之中。abandoned my hopeabandoned to5reflect vt. 映射；反射vi.&vt. 思考，反省，深思reflection n. 反射；反照；反映；映像reflect s

15、b./sth. in sth. (指鏡子等)映出某人/物的影像reflect sth. from sth. 從某物(表面)反射(光、熱、聲等)reflect on/upon sth. 思考某事be lost in reflection 陷入沉思中即學(xué)即練5(1)He looked at his face _ the mirror.他看著鏡子中自己的臉。(2)The heat _ the white sand formed a mirage.熱氣經(jīng)白色的沙面反射形成蜃景。(3)I need time to _ your offer.我需要時(shí)間來(lái)考慮你的建議。reflected inreflect

16、ed fromreflect on6aware adj. 意識(shí)到的；知道的awareness n. 知道；認(rèn)識(shí)；意識(shí)；興趣be/become aware of sth. 意識(shí)到某事(aware 通常做表語(yǔ))be/become aware that. 意識(shí)到as far as I'm aware 據(jù)我所知make sb. aware of/that. 讓某人知道即學(xué)即練6(1)I dont think people _ really _ just how much it costs.我認(rèn)為人們并不真正明白這要花多少錢。(2)Everyone present at the meeting

17、should _ the risks involved.該讓出席會(huì)議的每個(gè)人都知道所涉及的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。areaware ofbe made aware of(3)She suddenly _ people looking at her.她突然注意到人們?cè)诳此?4)_， nobody has done anything about it.據(jù)我所知，尚無(wú)人對(duì)此采取任何措施。became aware ofAs far as I am aware7scare v. 恐嚇，驚嚇，害怕n. 驚嚇，恐慌，恐懼scared adj. 害怕的；擔(dān)心的scare sb. away/off 把某人嚇跑/嚇退scare

18、sb. into doing sth. 威脅/恐嚇某人做某事be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物be scared of doing sth. 害怕發(fā)生某事be scared to do sth. 害怕、恐懼做某事be scared that 害怕(be) scared to death 嚇得要死即學(xué)即練7(1)The scarecrow in the field is used to _ the birds _. 田地里的稻草人是用來(lái)嚇跑小鳥(niǎo)的。(2)They _ the little boy _ foods in the supermarket. 他們威脅這個(gè)小男孩到

19、超市里去偷食物。scareawayscaredinto stealing(3)The little girl _ out alone.這個(gè)小女孩不敢一個(gè)人外出。(4)I'm _ I'm going to fall.我擔(dān)心自己快掉下去了。is scared of goingscared (that)8help out 幫()分擔(dān)工作，幫()脫離困境help sb. with sth. 幫助某人干某事help (sb.) (to) do sth. 幫助(某人)干某事can't help to do 不能幫助干某事can't help doing 禁不住干某事can&

20、#39;t help but do 只得，不得不help oneself to 隨便吃/用即學(xué)即練8(1)Is there anything I can do to _？我能幫上忙嗎？(2)He was obviously in some kind of trouble, but I didnt know how I could _.他顯然遇到了麻煩，但我不知道應(yīng)怎樣幫他。help outhelp him out(3)Can you _ the maths problem？你能幫我解決這道數(shù)學(xué)題嗎？help me out with.重點(diǎn)句型詳解1“Come_on,_Clancy. To the

21、 boat，”. “快點(diǎn)，克蘭西?？斓酱先ァ！盋ome on. 意為：“來(lái)！快！得啦！加油！”表示勸說(shuō)、激勵(lì)、不耐煩等語(yǔ)氣。Come on! We dont have much time.快點(diǎn)！我們的時(shí)間不多了。Oh, come onyou know that isnt true!哦，得了吧，你知道那不是真的！拓展：Come along! 快來(lái)！趕快！加把勁！Come again. 請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f(shuō)一遍！你說(shuō)什么來(lái)著？How come.? 怎么回事？怎么發(fā)生的？怎樣解釋？when it comes to sth./to doing sth. 當(dāng)涉及某事/做某事時(shí)If she spent five ye

22、ars in Paris, how come her French is so bad?既然她在巴黎待了五年，她的法語(yǔ)怎么還會(huì)這樣糟糕？When it comes to teaching students English, he has a lot to say. 當(dāng)涉及教學(xué)生英語(yǔ)時(shí)，他有很多話要說(shuō)。Come along! Were late already.快點(diǎn)！我們已經(jīng)遲到了。She is an actress. 她是一個(gè)演員。Come again. 請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f(shuō)一遍。(你說(shuō)什么來(lái)著？)即境活用1Im dead tired. I cant walk any farther, Jenny._， T

23、ommy. You can do it!ANo problemBNo hurryCCome on DThat's OK答案：C解析：Come on. “加油！”表示激勵(lì)。 No problem. 沒(méi)問(wèn)題；No hurry. 別著急；That's OK. 沒(méi)關(guān)系。2The fish didnt seem to mind me_swimming among them.魚兒好像并不介意我游在它們中間。me 在句中用做 swimming 的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這叫做動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的其中一種形式是“物主代詞或名詞所有格動(dòng)名詞”，在句中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。如果不是在句子開(kāi)頭，這

24、個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)常?？梢杂妹~的普通格(或人稱代詞的賓格)。His/Jack's not getting to the station on time made all of us worried.他/杰克沒(méi)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到車站使得我們大家都很擔(dān)心。(做主語(yǔ))Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?我/杰克現(xiàn)在離開(kāi)你介意嗎？(做動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ))Have you heard of my sister's winning the contest?我妹妹在競(jìng)賽中獲勝的事你聽(tīng)說(shuō)了嗎？(做動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ))He left the city without our

25、 knowing it.他離開(kāi)這個(gè)城市我們大家都不知道。(做介詞的賓語(yǔ))What is most important is Tom's going there at once.最重要的是湯姆立刻到那里去。(做表語(yǔ))注意：在下列情況中，動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語(yǔ)要用名詞的普通格或人稱代詞的賓格：(1)無(wú)生命的事物名詞做邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)一般采用普通格形式。(2)在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中，只要不做主語(yǔ)常采用普通格或人稱代詞賓格。(3)邏輯主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或有修飾語(yǔ)，一般用名詞普通格或人稱代詞賓格。(4)s結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞做邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)一般用普通格。(5)不定代詞或指示代詞做動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般不用或很少

26、用所有格形式。(6)集合名詞、單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞或變化不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做邏輯主語(yǔ)并同動(dòng)名詞一起做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用普通格。(7)it 做邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)用賓格、所有格均可，但指時(shí)間時(shí)用賓格。即境活用2Do you mind _ alone at home?ATom leaving BTom having leftCTom's being left DTom to be left答案：C解析：mind 后接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，且動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是 Tom，表被動(dòng)意義，故選C。易 錯(cuò) 點(diǎn) 撥 自我完善·誤區(qū)備考1.abandon/desert/give up(1)abandon指不得已而遺棄、放棄

27、人或事物。(2)desert強(qiáng)調(diào)故意逃避應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)和職責(zé)，違背誓言，有責(zé)難之意。另外，desert還有離棄某地方之意。(3)give up為常用詞，常用于口語(yǔ)，與abandon同義。應(yīng)用1(1)I persuaded him to _ smoking.我說(shuō)服他戒了煙。(2)She was _ by her husband.她被丈夫遺棄了。(3)Snow forced many drivers to _ their vehicles.大雪迫使許多駕駛者棄車步行。(4)The villages had been _.這些村莊已經(jīng)荒無(wú)人煙了。give updesertedabandondeserte

28、d2. aware/conscious二者都可表示“意識(shí)到的”，都可用于be aware/conscious of結(jié)構(gòu)。但aware指感官上的知覺(jué)，而conscious指內(nèi)心所意識(shí)到的感覺(jué)。應(yīng)用2(1)I suddenly felt _ of somebody watching me.我突然覺(jué)得有人盯著我看。(2)He became acutely _ of having failed his parents.他深深感到自己辜負(fù)了父母的期望。awareconscious3. flee/escape/run away三者都有“逃跑”的意思，但有所側(cè)重。(1)flee強(qiáng)調(diào)逃跑行為本身，含有逃走、消

29、散的意思。(2)escape強(qiáng)調(diào)逃跑的結(jié)果，即成功地跑掉了。(3)run away多用于口語(yǔ)，含有不辭而別的意思。應(yīng)用3(1)He _ from his home when he was very young.他很小時(shí)就離家出走了。(2)They _ from the burning building at last.他們最終從失火的房子里逃了出來(lái)。 (3)Why does she always _ any kind of responsibility？為什么她總是逃避責(zé)任？ran awayescapedflee高 效 作 業(yè) 自我測(cè)評(píng)·技能備考.單詞拼寫1The small ani

30、mals were s_ to run away when they saw a tiger walking towards them.2Anyone with an a_ income of under 5 000 yuan may be eligible to apply.3He a_ his wife and went away with all their money.4He doesn't seem to be a_ of the coldness of their attitude towards his appeal.5We w_ tremendous changes i

31、n the city.scaredannualabandonedawarewitnessed6Her sad look _(反映) the thought passing through her mind.7These requirements are absolutely basic to a good _ (關(guān)系)8Hotel _ (住宿) was scarce during the Olympic Games.9He's got nothing beyond his state _ (養(yǎng)老金)10Nobody knew the _ (深度) of her love for the

32、 child.reflectedrelationshipaccommodationpensiondepth .單項(xiàng)選擇1Do you mind my smoking here?_.ANo, thanksBNo. Good ideaCYes, please DYes. Better not答案：D解析：考查對(duì) Do you mind.？“你介意嗎？”的回答。Yes表示“介意”，No 表示“不介意”，故選D“介意，你最好別(吸煙)”。2Sean's strong love for his country is _ in his recently published poems.Arelie

33、ved BreflectedCresponded Drecovered答案：B解析：reflect “反映”，符合題意。relieve 緩解，減輕；respond 回答，回復(fù)；recover 恢復(fù)。3The 1930s, when he was in his twenties, _ the sufferings that the Chinese were bearing from the war.Aobserved BwitnessedCproved Dsupplied答案：B解析：句意為：20世紀(jì)30年代，他那個(gè)時(shí)候20多歲，見(jiàn)證了中國(guó)人民所遭受的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之苦。witness 見(jiàn)證，目睹；obs

34、erve 觀察；prove 證明；supply 提供。4The plan was _ when it was discovered just how much the scheme would cost.Areleased BdesertedCresigned Dabandoned答案：D解析：句意：當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)方案將耗費(fèi)巨資時(shí)，它被放棄了。abandon 意為“放棄”。release “解除，免除”；desert 表示拋棄自己的職責(zé)或應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)；resign “辭去，辭職，放棄”。5When you write your goals in a particular way, you are a

35、ble to make yourself continuously _ situations that will bring you nearer to your goal.Aaware of Bworried aboutCfamiliar with Daccustomed to答案：A解析：aware of 知道。句意為：當(dāng)你以特殊的方式寫出自己的目標(biāo)時(shí)，你能夠知道自己所處的位置，這樣你就能越來(lái)越接近你的目標(biāo)。6(2010·成都聯(lián)考)Look! Everything here is under construction.What's the pretty small hou

36、se that _ for?Ais being built Bhas been builtCis built Dis building答案：A解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。語(yǔ)意表明從句中用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，名詞house是動(dòng)詞build的承受者，所以謂語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。第二句語(yǔ)意為：正在修建的那座漂亮的小房子是用來(lái)做什么的？7Janie lay on the floor _， too _ to move.Atrembled; scaring Btrembling; scaringCtrembling; scared Dtrembled; scared答案：C解析：trembling為現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀

37、語(yǔ)，其執(zhí)行者為主語(yǔ)Janie; scared為形容詞，表示“嚇壞的”。8_ clearly aware of the danger ahead, he accepted the task without fear.AAs if BThoughCIf DAs though答案：B解析：在though/as if等引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語(yǔ)是be，而從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，從句的主語(yǔ)與be可同時(shí)省略。根據(jù)題意應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。9They urged that the library _ open during the vacation.Amust be kept Bis keptCwould be kept

38、 Dbe kept答案：D解析：urge所帶的賓語(yǔ)從句需用should do的形式，should可省略。句意為“他們要求圖書館假期也開(kāi)放”。10Do you mind _ alone at home?ATom leaving BTom having leftCToms being left DTom to be left答案：C解析：mind (sb./sb.s) doing sth.介意(某人)做某事。Tom與leave之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選C。11(2010·北京海淀期末)Please put the medicine on the top of the shelf. It'

39、;s _ our children can't reach it.Awhat BthatCwhere Dhow答案：C解析：考查表語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)解題原則“缺什么補(bǔ)什么”，此處表語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞where，所以選C項(xiàng)。12The performer was waving his stick in the street, and it _ missed the child standing nearby.Anarrowly BnearlyChardly Dclosely答案：A解析：句意為：表演者在街道上揮舞著棍子，并且它勉強(qiáng)地錯(cuò)過(guò)了站在旁邊的小孩兒。 narrowly 僅僅

40、；勉強(qiáng)地；nearly 幾乎；hardly 幾乎不；closely 密切地。13I hated rush, so I got to the airport _ time to have my luggage and ticket _.Abefore; checked Buntil; checkCahead of; checked Dahead; to check答案：C解析：ahead of time 提前；have sth. done 使某事被做。14I know he is untrustful. _ I must admit he is a good worker.AAs a resul

41、t BIn other wordsCAfter all DIn the meantime答案：D解析：句意為“我知道他不可信。但與此同時(shí)我必須承認(rèn)他是一個(gè)好工人”。15_！ I didn't hear you clearly. It's too noisy here.I was saying that the film is wonderful.ACome again BCome alongCCome on DCome here答案：A解析：Come again! “請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f(shuō)一遍，你說(shuō)什么來(lái)著？”；Come along！“快來(lái)，趕快，加把勁！”；Come here! “到這里來(lái)！

42、”；Come on! “(表示勸說(shuō)、激勵(lì)、不耐煩等)來(lái)！快！得啦！加油！” .完形填空 My son was badly hurt in a fire. After he_1_ from a series of treatments(解析), the doctors told him they would not do any operation for six months_2_it took long for the skin to stop shrinking (收縮). So, he had to return to college with a visible 10inch _3_o

43、n his face. I said to my son, “Keaton，_4_ will pay any more attention to your scar_5_ you do. If it does not bother you, it will not bother_6_.” He took my advice to heart and returned to school with his head_7_ highglad he was alive. _8_， everyone has scars and shortcomings. Some of you may spend m

44、uch time thinking that people would like you better _9_you looked different, or dressed differently, or could have a different and newer _10_ . But you see, like Keaton's scar, people will only judge you by your looks, or your_11_， or your car, if you are judging yourself by these same false_12_

45、. One of my friends in college was very _13_ . At first, when people met him, they noticed his_14_ for about 10 seconds. This man felt _15_ about himself and spent most of his time_16_ about other people's comfort and welfare. _17_， people ignored his looks. What people_18_ was his kindness and

46、his concern for them. He didn't act in an ugly way so people didn't treat him as an ugly man. Therefore, concentrate on what you value _19_ yourself, because if you can see that beautiful person, everyone you are in contact with will see the same _20_.1A. cured B. recovered C. improved D. re

47、turned2A. because B. though C. until D. before3A. cut B. wound C. injure D. scar4A. no one B. anyone C. everyone D. someone5A. as B. like C. than D. when6A. another B. others C. all D. us7A. put B. held C. taken D. hung8A. After all B. In conclusion C. In fact D. Above all9A. as long as B. if C. even if D. as if10A. house B. telephone C. job D. car11A. clothes B. hairstyle C. figure D. salary12A. means B. standards C. comments D. rules13A. smart B. optimistic C. rude D. ugly14A. manners