現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)（課堂PPT）

1、12表示到說話時(shí)為止（或到現(xiàn)在為止）已經(jīng)發(fā)表示到說話時(shí)為止（或到現(xiàn)在為止）已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了（不一定結(jié)束）的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。生或完成了（不一定結(jié)束）的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。過去某一時(shí)間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有過去某一時(shí)間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能還會(huì)持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。可能還會(huì)持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作或情況雖然發(fā)生在過去，的動(dòng)作或情況雖然發(fā)生在過去，但它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，用來說明現(xiàn)在但它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，用來說明現(xiàn)在的情況。的情況。1. 復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)（主動(dòng)）復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)態(tài)（主動(dòng)）3二句型：二句型：肯定句：主語肯定句：主語+have/has+have/has+過去分詞過去分詞否定句：主語否

2、定句：主語+have/has+not+have/has+not+過去分詞過去分詞+ +其他其他. .一般疑問句：一般疑問句：Have/Has+Have/Has+主語主語+ +過去分詞過去分詞+ +其他其他. .簡(jiǎn)略答語簡(jiǎn)略答語: Yes,: Yes, 主語主語 + have/has.( + have/has.(肯肯定定) )No,No, 主語主語+havent/hasnt.(+havent/hasnt.(否定否定) )4He has taught in our school for 30 years.他在我們學(xué)校教書已有30年了。 He has lived here since 1978.自從

3、1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。（動(dòng)作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。） 5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)一、概念一、概念現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，但動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，但主語為動(dòng)作的承受者，表示主語為動(dòng)作的承受者，表示“已經(jīng)被已經(jīng)被”。如：如： （動(dòng)作的承受者）（動(dòng)作的承受者）The new school has been set up. 新新學(xué)校已經(jīng)建成了。學(xué)校已經(jīng)建成了。6二、形式二、形式(1)肯定式為：肯定式為：have/ has +been +done。如：如：The experim

4、ent has been done successfully. 這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)做得很成功。做得很成功。(2)否定式為：否定式為：have/ has +not +been +done。如：如：Toms novel has not been published. 湯姆的小說還沒湯姆的小說還沒有被出版。有被出版。(3)一般疑問句需將一般疑問句需將have /has提到主語的前面。提到主語的前面。如：如：Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行車修好了嗎他的自行車修好了嗎?(4)特殊疑問句為：疑問詞特殊疑問句為：疑問詞+have /has +been +done? 如：如：W

5、ho has been invited? 誰受到了邀請(qǐng)誰受到了邀請(qǐng)?7需要注意的問題：需要注意的問題：1. 主語是行為動(dòng)作的承受者。如：主語是行為動(dòng)作的承受者。如： The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt. 張飛廟已經(jīng)過重建。張飛廟已經(jīng)過重建。（The Temple of Zhang）82.表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在說話之前（即現(xiàn)表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在說話之前（即現(xiàn)在的過去），強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)在的過去），強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果果。 如如: The door has been locked. 門已經(jīng)被鎖上了。門已經(jīng)被鎖上了。（我或別人現(xiàn)在進(jìn)不去）（我

6、或別人現(xiàn)在進(jìn)不去）93. 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)始于過去動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)始于過去, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 并可并可能持續(xù)下去。常與能持續(xù)下去。常與for或或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用，或用于語連用，或用于How long？句型中。？句型中。如：如： (1) How long has the machine been used？這機(jī)器使用有多久了？這機(jī)器使用有多久了？(2)He has been told about it for many times. 有人告訴他這事很多次了。有人告訴他這事很多次了。 （可能還會(huì)有人告訴他）（可能還會(huì)有人告訴他）101. 并不是所有動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語態(tài)并不是所有動(dòng)詞

7、都有被動(dòng)語態(tài) 1) ) ) 誤誤 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. 正正 Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.112) 如：如： 誤誤 The door has been opened of itself. 正正 The door has opened of itself.2. 短語動(dòng)詞不可分割或省略其中的介詞短語動(dòng)詞不可分割或省略其中的介詞 或副詞。如：或副詞。如： The SARS patients have been taken good ca

8、re of.122.一些特殊動(dòng)詞一些特殊動(dòng)詞, 如如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等等 構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不能與構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不能與 表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。若要表達(dá)表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。若要表達(dá) 相應(yīng)的意思，相應(yīng)的意思， 則需改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。則需改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。13 如：如：My brother has had(不能用不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.我哥哥的自行車差不多買了四年了。我哥哥的自行車差不多買了四年了。 How

9、 long has this book been bought? How long ago was this book bought?這本書買了多久了？這本書買了多久了？14(1) 如如: Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。 (不知道電腦是誰偷的不知道電腦是誰偷的) This book was published in 1981. 這本書出版于這本書出版于1981年。年。15(2) 如如: The window was broken by Mike. 窗戶是邁克打破的。窗戶是邁克打破的。 Thi

10、s book was written by him. 這本書是他寫的。這本書是他寫的。161. Both my brother work at the power station that _ in my hometown. A. has set up B. has been set up C. was set up D. is set up2. _ the sports meet will be put off. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told173. All the preparation for the task _,

11、and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been done184. - How long _ at this job? - Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed196. Betty_ injured since last Saturday. A. has been B. was C. is D. has207. -Did you move into the new house? - No. The rooms _ yet. A. were being painted B. are painting C. have not painted D. have not been painted 218. Great changes_ in