現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法小結(jié)(講座)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法小結(jié) 州城鎮(zhèn)一中：楊露艷l一.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定義l（一）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。（一）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）l 如： Have you read that story？ 你讀過(guò)那個(gè)故事嗎？l（“讀”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是：是否知道故事的內(nèi)容。） l I have bought two apples 我買(mǎi)了兩個(gè)蘋(píng)果。 l（“買(mǎi)”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是：擁有兩個(gè)蘋(píng)果。） l l（二）表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始的某一動(dòng)作，一直持續(xù)到（二）表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始的某一動(dòng)

2、作，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）現(xiàn)在（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）l 因?yàn)楸硎镜氖浅掷m(xù)的動(dòng)作，所以使用的動(dòng)詞通常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：be, stay, study, live, keep, teach ,have 等；l二. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成:l 助動(dòng)詞have/has +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 （注意：助動(dòng)詞要和主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)、數(shù)要保持一致）l三動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成：可以分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化l （一） 規(guī)則變化。（和動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的規(guī)則變化相同） l 1.一般情況直接在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加ed.l 2. 以字母“e”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加d.l 3.以輔音字母加y接尾的動(dòng)詞，改y為i加ed.l 4.重讀

3、閉音節(jié)詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母再加ed.l（二）不規(guī)則變化（見(jiàn)課本不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化表）l四現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞。(需要特別注意)l（一）定義一的標(biāo)志詞l副詞：already，just，ever，yet，never already，just，ever，yet，never la. 用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑問(wèn)句中。l如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。lb. ever never。多用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未”等lc. just多用于肯定句中l(wèi)

4、（二）定義二的標(biāo)志詞l由于定義二的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，所以標(biāo)志詞也要用表示延續(xù)性的一段時(shí)間來(lái)做標(biāo)志詞。lFor+一段時(shí)間 指某個(gè)動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。l如：for three years, for half an hour，for ten minutes等。 lsince 后面可以接一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如since 1980，（自從1980年到現(xiàn)在，也體現(xiàn)了一段時(shí)間）又如: since three years ago, since two months ago等。lsince 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如：We have known each other since we

5、went to college. since+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)/ since+ 過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句l五現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中要注意的幾點(diǎn)問(wèn)題l1.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能直接和for 或since 連用，但我們可以找一個(gè)相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)替換這些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，(難點(diǎn))l如: come to/ arrive in/ get tobe in / here leave/gobe there/away, lbegin/startbe on, stop be over， buy have, borrow keep, joinbe a member of/ be in diebe dead, 錯(cuò)： His fathe

6、r has died for two years. l對(duì)：His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了l錯(cuò)： The film has begun for ten minutesl對(duì)： The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開(kāi)始十分鐘了l例題：I have _D_ the English club for three terms.（一段時(shí)間）lA. joined B. become C. taken part in D. been in l2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別l現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都表示在

7、過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作。但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。試比較：lI have lost my new book. 我把新書(shū)丟了。(現(xiàn)在還未找到)lI lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新書(shū)丟了。(昨天丟的，現(xiàn)在找到與否沒(méi)說(shuō)明)l3.have been (to)與have gone( to)的區(qū)別：have been (to)表示“去過(guò)某地(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了)”，可用于各人稱(chēng)；lhave gone (to)表示“去某地了，去了還沒(méi)回來(lái)(說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)?”，常用于第三人稱(chēng)。

8、l前者可與once ,never, several times等連用，后者則不能。l如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)北京兩次。lHe has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。l 典型題例l( )1 Im sorry to have kept you waiting long.l- Never mind. I_ here for only a few minutes.lA. have been B. have come C. have arrived D. waitedl( ) 2.Tom _ the CD player for two

9、 weeks.l A. has borrowed B. Has bought C. has had D. has getl( )3.Lily with her parents_ the Greener China since two years ago.l A. have joined B. has joined C. has been in D, have been in l( )4.- Sorry. Im late.l( ) 5. - It doesnt matter. The meeting _ for just several minutes.l A. has begun B. has started C. has been on D. had been on l與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的聯(lián)系l可以根據(jù)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行是如：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行