(天津?qū)Ｓ?高考英語二輪增分策略專題三閱讀理解第二節(jié)分類突破三細(xì)節(jié)理解_數(shù)字計(jì)算題優(yōu)選習(xí)題

1、三、細(xì)節(jié)理解一一數(shù)字計(jì)算題昭真題感悟(2018 全國出，A)Welcome to Holker Hall & GardensVisitor InformationHow to Get to HolkerBy Car : Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6.Approximate travel times ：Windermere20 minutes , Kendal 25 minutes , Lancaster 45 minutes , Manchester 1 hour 30 minutes.By Rail : The nearest sta

2、tion is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth,Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.Opening TimesSunday Friday (closed on Saturday)11 ： 00 am 4 ： 00 pm,30th March 2nd November.Admission ChargesHall & GardensGardensAdults :£12.00£8.00Groups:£ 9.00&

3、#163; 5.50Special EventsProducers ' Market 13th AprilJoin us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks.Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.Holker Garden Festival 30th MayThe event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening , making

4、it one of the most popular events in gardening.National Garden Day 28th AugustHolker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged.For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.Winter Market 8th NovemberThis is an event for all the family.Wander among a variety of sh

5、ops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.語篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，題材是旅游廣告。文章介紹了游覽霍爾克莊園的游客須知和 四項(xiàng)特別的活動(dòng)。21. How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?A.20 minutes.B.25 minutes.C.45 minutes.D.90 minutes.答案 D解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的How to Get to Holker

6、部分中“By Car： .Approximatetravel times ： .Manchester 1 hour 30 minutes.”可知，游客從 Manchester 開車至U Holker 大約用一個(gè)半小時(shí)，也就是 90分鐘。故選 D22. How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall & Gardens?A. £ 12.00.B. £ 9.00.C. £ 8.00.D. £ 5.50.答案 B解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的 Admission Charges 部分中

7、Hall & Gardens 一列與 Groups 一行的交叉處可知， 旅游團(tuán)的一個(gè)成員游覽 Hall &Gardens所需要的費(fèi)用為£ 9.00。故選R23. Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?A.Producers ' Market.B.Holker Garden Festival.C.National Garden Day.D.Winter Market.答案 D解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章的 Winter Market部分中的第二句"Wander am

8、ong a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.( 流連于形形色色的禮品商店間，同時(shí)欣賞著現(xiàn)場的音樂演出和好看的街頭娛樂活動(dòng)）”可知， 如果想看現(xiàn)場的音樂演出，你就去 Winter Market 。故選 d名師點(diǎn)津一、題型解讀1 .數(shù)字計(jì)算細(xì)節(jié)理解題一般會(huì)涉及時(shí)間、年齡、價(jià)錢、數(shù)量、距離等的簡單計(jì)算。一般來說， 從數(shù)學(xué)的角度講，計(jì)算量都比較小，計(jì)算容易。但是英語閱讀中的數(shù)字計(jì)算必須要找出計(jì)算 背后所隱含的信息。這些“暗”信息會(huì)涉及對(duì)某個(gè)難句的理

9、解，從這個(gè)角度上講，理解文中 相應(yīng)的復(fù)雜句是解這類題的關(guān)鍵。2 .數(shù)字計(jì)算細(xì)節(jié)理解題的話題有：（1）廣告類；（2）故事類；（3）科普知識(shí)類；（4）史地自然類；文化教育類。設(shè)問方式以when, in which year, how many/much等疑問詞開頭引出問題。二、解題技巧一一“加減乘除”得數(shù)據(jù)1 .閱讀題干，查看題干中的關(guān)鍵詞尋讀原文，同時(shí)標(biāo)記數(shù)字、時(shí)間、年代等相關(guān)信息。2 .弄清題干詢問數(shù)據(jù)與原文數(shù)據(jù)的邏輯關(guān)系，并進(jìn)行加減乘除計(jì)算。3 .特殊信息應(yīng)注意：（1）特殊數(shù)字：decade 十年；fortnight 兩周；double 兩彳couple 兩個(gè)；score 二十；dozen

10、十二。（2）特殊詞匯：off削價(jià)，減價(jià)；discount折扣。例如：【真題感悟】中第 21題閱讀題干，卞據(jù)第一段 How to Get to Holker 中By car里 Approximate travel times 后面的內(nèi)容可知，從 Manchester 至U Holker 要用 1 hour 30 minutes , 即一個(gè)半小時(shí)，也就是 90分鐘，故選Dor隨堂限時(shí)練ACollege isn ' t for everyone.Earning a degree will improve the income potential , but high tuition is a

11、 deterrent for some.Some can ' t afford it.Others choose not to continue their schooling for other reasons.But they can still find a good job without a college degree.Manufacturing Sales RepresentativesAverage salary ：，852,440Current workforce : 1,430,000Projected job growth,2010 2020： 16%Wholes

12、ale and manufacturing sales representatives who specialize in non-technical products make more than 27% of full-time workers.Unlike those salespeople , wholesale representatives market their products directly to businesses and government agencies.The pay is good, the opportunities are numerous and,

13、for most employees , a High School diploma is enough to get a job.Dry Wall WorkersAverage salary : $45,490Current workforce : 22,900Projected job growth,2010 2020： 27%No High School diploma ? No problem.Dry wall workers are the only workers on our list who can expect good money and strong job growth

14、 without even finishing high school.Dry wall workers work in the construction industry, preparing walls forpainting after masons build them up.Most learn from more experienced workers during working.ElectriciansAverage salary : $48,250Current workforce : 577,700Projected job growth,2010 2020： 23%The

15、 world is more mechanized than ever before , and more machines mean more work for these skilled workers , who will see nearly 134,000 newjobs added by 2020.A typical electrician makes more than 再48,000 per year with a high school degree.Major cities promise the most jobs.Commercial PilotsAverage sal

16、ary : $67,500Current workforce : 32,700Projected job growth,2010 2020： 28%An average commercial pilot makes t;26,000 more than a typical full-time worker and N 13,000 more than an average college-educated worker.It requires only a commercial pilot ' s license and training at a local flight schoo

17、l.Times are changing many airlines now look for pilots with two-year or four-year degrees but prospects for salary and growth remain strong.語篇解讀本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。大學(xué)并不適合所有人。文章介紹了四種沒有大學(xué)文憑照樣可 以做的好工作。1 .What' s the meaning of the underlined word adeterrent " in Paragraph 1?A.Prevention.B.Threat.C.Diffic

18、ulty.D.Fear.答案 A解析 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句的后一句"Some can' t afford it. "可以推測出，高昂的學(xué)費(fèi)對(duì)于一些人來說是一個(gè)阻礙。由此可推知， deterrent 與prevention 意思相近。2 .Without a High School diploma , you can find a job as a(n) . A.manufacturing sales representativeB.dry wall workerC.electricianD.commercial pilot答案 B解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) Dr

19、y Wall Workers 這一節(jié)中的"No High School diploma ? No problem.Dry wall workers are the only workers on our list who can expect good money and strong job growth without even finishing high school." 可知， 答案為 B項(xiàng)。3 . The average salary for a typical full-time worker is.A.S52,440bE45,490C.券7,500D. 41

20、,500答案 D解析數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù) Commercial Pilots這一節(jié)中的"Average salary : $67,500”和“An average commercial pilot makes $26,000 more than a typical full- time worker ”可知，一個(gè)全職工人的平均工資一般為：*67,500 $26,000 =$41,500 ,故答案為D項(xiàng)。4 .Which of the following is TRUE about the commercial pilots?A.The average salary of commerci

21、al pilots is the lowest of the mentioned jobs.B.Commercial pilots earn more than college-educated workers.C.You need to receive training at an international flight schoolto be a commercialpilot.D.Our society will need more commercial pilots in the future.答案 D解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句中的“but prospects for sal

22、ary and growth remain strong ”可知，商業(yè)飛行員的就業(yè)前景很好，故答案為D項(xiàng)。5 .From the text , we can infer that .A.having a college degree can guarantee a good jobB.it ' s not necessary to get a college degreeC.electricians will find jobs in big cities easilyD.many people don ' t continue their schooling for only

23、 one reason答案 C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù) Electricians這一節(jié)中的"Major cities promise the mostjobs. ”可以推測出答案。（2018 天津十二區(qū)縣二模 ）Tears of relief and shouts of joy rang out at the San Jose Mine in northern Chile when 33 miners were lifted to freedom , one by one.The men, ranging from 19 to 63 years old , have been burie

24、d alive since a cave in the copper and gold mine they were working collapsed on August 5,2010.It is the longest time anyone has ever survived being trapped underground.After the collapse , the men found an emergency shelter off one of the mine' stunnels.The temperature in the dark shelter was ar

25、ound 90 degrees Fahrenheit.For more than two weeks , the miners ' water came from the tanks on their work vehicles.They shared a supply of food that was meant to last for only 48 hours.The miners were totally isolated until rescue teams made contact with the men on August 22.They sent a note to

26、the surface explaining their situation.Rescuers drilled small holes to reach the cave and sent down supply tubes containing food,water , clothes , medicine , fresh air and other supplies.They also received letters from their families , a television set and games.Additional collapses slowed down resc

27、ue efforts.Finally , a tunnel was built that could fit a 13-foot rescue capsule（救生艙），called the Pheonix.The escape hole measures 28 inches across , a tight fit for the twisting 20 minutes,2,041-foot ride.Thesafety by late the sameCampHope, a settlementfirst miner reached the surface just after midni

28、ght on October,13.The rescue mission was faster than expected , and all 33 men had been brought to day.The miners were met by family members who were waiting atof tents near the mine.Chile's president , Sebastian Pinera,cheered at the sceneand we kept it , “ heto the nearest hospitaland hugged t

29、he miners. "We made a promise never to give up , said.After an immediate medical exam, the men were airlifted for 48 hours of observation.6. How long were the rescued miners trapped in the mine?A.About 48 hours.B.About two weeks.C.One month and a half.D.More than two months.答案 D解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)第段中的

30、"a cave in the copper and gold mine they were workingcollapsed（倒塌）on August 5,2010 ”和倒數(shù)第二段第四、五句"The first miner reachedthe surface just after midnight on October,13.all 33 men had been brought to safety by late the same day."可知，所有被營救出來的礦工已被困了兩個(gè)多月。7 .Which of the following doesn '

31、t belong to the rescue work?A.The water from the tanks.B.Small holes drilled to reach the cave.C.A tunnel built to fix a rescue capsule.D.Letters , games and a TV set from the surface.答案 A解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句 "For more than two weeks, the miners ' water came from the tanks on their work vehicl

32、es. "可知，礦工們起初兩個(gè)多星期飲用的水是作業(yè)車輛水箱中原先就有的，不屬于救援工作。故選Ao8 .What can we learn from the text?A.All miners reached the surface just after midnight on October 13.B.The loss of the mine collapse.C.The health condition of the trapped miners.D.The concern of Chile ' s president about the mine collapse.答案

33、D解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句"Chile ' s president , Sebastian Pinera , cheered at the scene and hugged the miners. 'We made a promise never to give up, and we kept it , ' he said."可知，智利總統(tǒng)對(duì)礦難非常關(guān)切。故選 D=9 .According to the text , the rescued miners A.received medical examination in a hospit

34、al at firstB.could go home immediately they got out of the mineC.had to stay in a hospital for two days before going homeD.felt relieved to see their family members taken good care of答案 C解析 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段末句 " After an immediate medical exam , the men were airlifted to the nearest hospital for 48

35、hours of observation. ” 可知礦工獲救后被送往最近的醫(yī)院進(jìn)行為期兩天的觀察。故選Co10 .The best title for the text should be . A.Disaster at the MineB.A Miracle at the MineC.Efforts of Great ChileansD.Miserable Life of Chilean Miners答案 B解析 標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要描述了在營救者不懈的努力以及礦工們的頑強(qiáng)毅力下，智利礦難的營救工作取得了圓滿成功，33名礦工在困于礦井兩個(gè)多月后終于獲救，這可以說是一個(gè) 生命的奇跡。題型組合練

36、（六）I .單項(xiàng)填空I.Some people use hand-written letters typing because they ' re morepersonal and represent your sincerity.A.in preference toB.in process ofC.in reference withD.in search of答案 A解析 句意為：一些人優(yōu)先用手寫書信而不是通過打字，因?yàn)檫@樣更私人，也代表你的真誠。in preference to 優(yōu)先于；in process of 在過程中； in reference with 參照；in sear

37、chof搜查，尋找。2 .As things didn ' t work out the way we, we found ourselves trying to force them and struggling to finish them.A.planB.are planningC.had plannedD.will be planning答案 C解析 句意為：當(dāng)事情不像我們之前所計(jì)劃的那樣發(fā)展時(shí)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正在試圖強(qiáng)迫他們并奮力完成它們。根據(jù)前句didn ' t,后句found可知，該句應(yīng)使用過去時(shí)態(tài)；因事情的發(fā)展和結(jié)果發(fā)生在計(jì)劃之后，這里要用plan的過去完成時(shí)態(tài)h

38、ad planned與前面的一般過去時(shí)形成對(duì)比，以體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作的先后，即“當(dāng)事情不像我們之前所計(jì)劃的那樣時(shí)”，因此C項(xiàng)正確。3 .Linda realized she was in the wrong and promised to a new leaf.A.take overB.turn overC.get overD.go over答案 B解析 句意為：琳達(dá)意識(shí)到自己錯(cuò)了，并承諾改過自新。 take over接管；turn over 翻轉(zhuǎn)， 打翻，turn over a new leaf 固定短語，意為“改過自新，重新開始"； get over克服；go over復(fù)習(xí)，仔細(xì)檢查。故

39、B項(xiàng)正確。made it unique4.It was not just the size of the party last night it meant to our company.A.what ; thatB.that ; whatC.what; whatD.that ; that答案 B解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，故第一個(gè)空用that ;第二個(gè)空用 what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。5.Though a farmer , Zhu Zhiwen has become a huge success as a singer , whose story is reallyof great i

40、nspiration.A.everythingB.nothingC.the oneD.one答案 D解析句意為：盡管出身農(nóng)民，朱之文已經(jīng)成為一位非常成功的歌手，他的故事真的非常鼓舞人心。這里用 one 指代前面的 story ,相當(dāng)于 a story of great inspiration ; everything 一切事物；nothing無事物；the one那個(gè)，均不符合句意，故D項(xiàng)正確。6.It was the natural disaster , rather than humanerrors , that for the death of so many innocent peop

41、le.A.are blamedB.was to blameC.was blamedD.were to blame答案 B解析句意為：是自然災(zāi)害，而不是人為錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)對(duì)這么多無辜人的死亡負(fù)責(zé)。表示“應(yīng)受責(zé)備，應(yīng)對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)”時(shí)，用 be to blame for.為固定短語，因此排除A C兩項(xiàng)；這里強(qiáng)調(diào)主語 the natural disaster , rather than human errors , 是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng) 與rather than前面的主語保持一致，即與the natural disaster 保持一致，因此用was toblame,故B項(xiàng)正確。7. Can you do me

42、a favour , Mr Smith ? My car start. No problem.You can count on it.A.won' tB.mustn' tC.needn' tD.shouldn ' t答案 A解析句意為：一一史密斯先生，你能幫我一個(gè)忙嗎？我的車發(fā)動(dòng)不起來了。一一沒問題。你盡管放心。mustn' t意為"禁止"，needn' t 意為"不需要"，shouldn ' t意為"不應(yīng) 該"，will作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以表示習(xí)慣或傾向性，其否定式won'

43、t是對(duì)此刻和未來情況的一種否定，結(jié)合句意，A項(xiàng)正確。8. you consider that the airline handled 80 million passengers last year,B.Whenthe accident figures are really very small.A.UnlessC.BeforeD.Though答案 B解析 句意為：當(dāng)你考慮到這家航空公司去年接待了8 000萬名乘客的時(shí)候，這個(gè)事故數(shù)量其實(shí)是非常小的。unless除非；before在以前；though盡管，與題意不符；when當(dāng)時(shí)，符合句意。9. That Americans have no hi

44、story while Chinese have no future sounds; ithas raised a thought-provoking question, though.A.artificialB.arbitraryC.allergicD.reluctant答案 B 解析 句意為：“美國沒有歷史、中國沒有未來”聽起來隨意，不過，它引發(fā)了一個(gè)發(fā)人深 思的問題。artificial 人造的，假白arbitrary武斷的，隨意的；allergic過敏的；reluctant勉強(qiáng)的，不情愿的。結(jié)合句意，B項(xiàng)正確。10. 一 Mummy look at my gloves.I need a

45、 new pair. .I bought them for you only a week ago!A.You betB.You said itC.You don' t sayD.You name it答案 C 解析 句意為：一一媽媽，看我的手套。我需要一副新的。一一是真的嗎？我才剛給你買一 個(gè)星期??！ You bet當(dāng)然，一定； You said it你說得對(duì)；Yon don' t say 表示驚訝，對(duì)對(duì)方描述情況表示質(zhì)疑，意為“是真的嗎，真想不到，不見得吧”；You name it只要你能想到的。因此C項(xiàng)正確。n.閱讀理解（2018 天津十二區(qū)縣一模）Electric ca

46、rs are dirty.In fact , not only are they dirty , they might even be more dirty than their gasoline-powered cousins.People in California love to talk about “zero -emissions（ 排放）vehicles ” , but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from.Power plants mostly use fire to

47、 makeit.Aside from the new folks who have their roofs covered with solar cells , we get our electricity from generators（發(fā)電機(jī)）.Generators arefueled by something usually coal , oil , but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants.There are a few wind farms and geothermal（地?zé)幔﹑lants as well , but by

48、far we get electricity mainly by burning something.In other words, those “zero-emissions " cars are likely coal-bu rning cars.It ' s just because the coal is burned somewhere else, it looks clean.It is not.It' s asif the California Greens are covering their eyes "If I can ' t s

49、ee it , it ' s nothappening. " Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallonof gas has a lot of energy in it.But when you take that gas(or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity , you waste a nice part of that energy , mostly in the form of wasted heat at

50、the generator , through the transmission lines , etc.A gallon of gas may propel your car 25 miles.But the electricity you get fromthat gallon of gas won' t get you nearly as far so electric cars burn more fuel than gasoline-powered ones.If our electricity came mostly from nukes or geothermal, or

51、 hydro or wind or solar , then an electric car truly would be clean.But for political , technical , and economic reasons , we don' t use much of those energy sources.In addition , electric cars' batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill.Andfinally, wh

52、encars are the polluters , the pollutionis spread across all the roads.When it ' s a power plant , though , all the junk is in one place.Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated,but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.11 .What does the underli

53、ned part “clueless " in Paragraph 2 mean?A.People see the California Greens everywhere.B.People there have no idea that so far electricity mainly comes from burning coal , oil , etc.C.People in California love to have their roofs covered with solar cells.D.People in California love to talk abou

54、t zero-emissions vehicles.答案 B解析句意理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的"People in California love to talk about'zero-emissions( 排放)vehicles ' , but people in California seemto be clueless about where electricity comes from."可知，加利福尼亞的人喜歡談?wù)?quot;零排放"的汽車，但是 他們似乎對(duì)電的來源不清楚。12 .What is the main idea of the

55、text?A.Electric cars are not clean at all.B.Electric cars are better than gasoline-powered ones.C.People cast doubts on electric cars ' batteries.D.Gasoline is an efficient way to power a vehicle.答案 A解析 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，電動(dòng)車一點(diǎn)也不環(huán)保。13 .The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car ru

56、n . A.not less than 25 milesB.as far as 50 milesC.as far as 25 milesD.not more than 25 miles答案 D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一、二句"A gallon of gas may propel your car 25miles.But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won' t get you nearly asfar. ”可知，一加侖汽油中得到的電力會(huì)讓你的車行駛不超過25英里。14.According to the t

57、ext , electric cars .A.are more environmentally friendlyB.burn more fuel than gasoline-powered onesC.are very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentratedD.are poisonous for a long time and will eventually end up in a landfill答案 B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一、二句"A gallon of gas may propel your ca

58、r 25miles.But the electr icity you get from that gallon of gas won' t get you nearly asfar so electric cars burn more fuel than gasoline-powered ones.“ 可知，電動(dòng)汽車燃燒的燃料比以汽油為動(dòng)力的汽車燃燒的燃料多。15.It can be inferred from the text that . A.being green is good and should be encouraged in communicationB.electric cars are now the dominant vehicle compared with gasoline-powered cousins C.zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environmentD.electric cars are not clean because we get electricity mainly by burning something 答案 D解析 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容可知電動(dòng)車所需要的電主要是通過燃燒煤炭等自然 資源獲