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1、 小學(xué)英語語法大全經(jīng)典全面 第2講 語音1、音素:語音的最小單位。 英語中共有48個音素,其中元音音素20個,輔音音素28個。元音單元音/i:/,/,/:/,/,/:/,/L/,/:/,/,/u:/,/,/e/,/æ/雙元音/e /,/a/,/,/,/a/,/,/e/,/輔音清輔音/p/,/t/,/k/,/tò/,/tr/,/ts/,/f/,/,/s/,/,/h/濁輔音/b/,/d/,/g/,/d/,/dr/,/dz/,/V/,/ð/,/z/,/,/r/,/m/,/n/,/,/l/,/w/,/j/2、元音:發(fā)音時氣流不受阻礙。元音分為單元音和雙元音兩類。單元音發(fā)音

2、時唇形和舌位不變;雙元音發(fā)音時由一個元音向另一個元音滑動,唇形和舌位有一個變化過程,且前重后輕,前長后短。3、輔音:發(fā)音時氣流受到阻礙。輔音分為清輔音和濁輔音兩類。清輔音發(fā)音時聲帶不振動;濁輔音發(fā)音時聲帶振動。4、音標(biāo):用來記錄音素的符號。為了避免與字母混淆,音標(biāo)被放在斜括號/ /內(nèi)。5、英語中的一個字母或字母組合在不同的單詞中發(fā)音可能是不一樣的,而相同的發(fā)音對應(yīng)的字母或字母組合也可能不完全相同。6、開音節(jié):以元音字母結(jié)尾或以一個元音字母加一個輔音字母再加不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾(r除外)的音節(jié)。元音字母在開音節(jié)中讀長音,即該字母的名稱音。閉音節(jié):以一個或幾個輔音字母(r除外)結(jié)尾。元音字母在閉音節(jié)中讀

3、短音。aeiou開音節(jié)/e /name/i:/we she/a/hi white/go note/ju:/ or /u:/use閉音節(jié)/æ/ map/e/desk/sit/clock/L/cup第3講 名詞名詞是指表示人和事物名稱的詞,可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類。1、專有名詞:特定的人、地方、機構(gòu)等專有的名稱。第一個字母通常要大寫。e.g. Jim Green, New York, Bank of China,Peking University星期、月份、節(jié)日、學(xué)科、報刊名也是專有名詞。e.g. Monday,May,Christmas,Spring Festival,Math

4、s,China Daily2、普通名詞:表示一類人或物或抽象概念的名稱。普通名詞又可以分為四類:個體名詞 表示某類人或東西中的個體,如:student , desk集體名詞 表示若干個體組成的集合體,如:class , family 物質(zhì)名詞 表示無法分為個體的物質(zhì)名稱,如:water , rice , sand,hair抽象名詞 表示情感,狀態(tài),品質(zhì)等抽象名稱,如:love ,carelessness個體名詞和集體名詞多數(shù)可以用數(shù)目來計算,稱為可數(shù)名詞,有單、復(fù)數(shù)形式;物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞通常無法用數(shù)目計算,稱為不可數(shù)名詞,一般只有一種形式。注 意: 集體名詞被看作一個整體時,表達(dá)單數(shù)概念。e

5、.g. His family was well known in the town. 他家在鎮(zhèn)里是名門望族。 集體名詞被看作若干個體的集合時,表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)概念。e.g. His family are waiting for him. 她的家人正在等他。 集體名詞表達(dá)多個集體時,也有復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g. Our village is made up of 300 families. 我們村有300戶人家。3、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則: 一般名詞在末尾直接加s,清輔音后讀/ s /,濁輔音和元音后讀/ z / e.g. book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

6、以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾,加es,讀/ IZ / e.g. bus-buses, box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加es, 讀/ z / e.g. baby-babies, library-libraries,factory-factories 以f或fe結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v,再加es,讀/ vz / e.g. thiefthieves,knifeknives 以o結(jié)尾,表示無生命的物體時加s, 表示有生命的物體時,加es,都讀/ z / e.g. photo-photos, piano-pianos, radio-r

7、adios, zoo-zoospotato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,mango-mangoes,hero-heroes 不規(guī)則變化 - 13 -e.g. manmenchildchildrenfootfeetfishfishwomanwomenmousemicetoothteethsheepsheeppolicemanpolicemenoxoxengoosegeesedeerdeer fish表示魚的數(shù)量時,單復(fù)數(shù)同形;表示魚的種類時,復(fù)數(shù)為fishes.e.g. My cat had two fish for lunch. You can see a lot of

8、different fishes in the lake. 4、不可數(shù)名詞一般只有原形,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但是可以借助量詞表示一定的數(shù)量。如果表達(dá)兩個或兩個以上的概念時,量詞需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,不可數(shù)名詞不變。e.g. a bottle of water ,a cup of coffee,two glasses of milk ,five bags of rice 這種形式用于可數(shù)名詞時,量詞和可數(shù)名詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g. ten baskets of eggs5、既可用作可數(shù),又可用作不可數(shù)的名詞:不可數(shù)glass 玻璃paper 紙iron 鐵wood 木頭beauty 美room 空間可數(shù)a g

9、lass 一只玻璃杯a paper 一份報紙、論文、文件a iron 一個熨斗a wood 一片森林a beauty 一個美人a room 一個房間6、名詞所有格 在英語中,有些名詞可以加s來表示所有關(guān)系,帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格。大多數(shù)表示有生命的東西。e.g. Toms book 如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞末尾已有s,就直接加 。e.g. the teachers office 如果一些物品為兩者共有,只需在后一個名詞后加s ;如果為各自所有,則需在每個名詞后加s。e.g. Lucy and Lilys bedroom.(Lucy 和 Lily共用一個臥室)Lucys and Lilys

10、bedrooms.(Lucy 和 Lily分別擁有各自的臥室) 表示無生命的物體的名詞所有格,一般與of短語連用。e.g. a map of the world ,a photo of my family 雙重所有格:把of所有格和s所有格結(jié)合在一起表示所有關(guān)系。e.g. a friend of my fathers第4講 冠詞冠詞一般用在名詞的前面,對名詞起限定作用,不能離開名詞單獨存在。1、不定冠詞a,an用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面,泛指一類人或物中的任何一個。 a用于輔音音素開頭的名詞之前。e.g. a bed,a computer,a “U” an用于元音音素開頭的名詞之前。 e.g. an

11、 egg,an umbrella,an hour 2、定冠詞the用在單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,也可用在不可數(shù)名詞前。 表示特指的人或物前。e.g. The man with a flower in his hand is Jack. 指說話人雙方都知道的人或物前。e.g. Lily, close the door, please. 在上文提到過,第二次又提到的人或物前。e.g. There is a man under the tree. The man is called James. 表示世界上獨一無二的事物前。e.g. The sun is bigger than the moon. 用在

12、序數(shù)詞前面。e.g. It is the first day of the new term. 用在樂器名稱前。e.g. He often plays the violin at weekends. 用在形容詞最高級前。e.g. Spring is the best season in a year. 用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。e.g. I went to the Great Wall last week. 用在國家名稱的縮寫前。e.g. He is from the UK.3、零冠詞:名詞前不用冠詞的情況。 在季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)假日、三餐、球類或棋類運動前,通常不用冠詞。e.g. h

13、ave breakfast ,play basketball,play chess第5講 代詞1、人稱代詞:表示“我、你、他、她、它、我們、你們、他們”的詞。我你他她它我們你們他們主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem主格一般用在句子開頭做主語,通常用在動詞前。e.g. I am a student. They are cleaning the classroom.賓格可以用來表示動作行為的對象,一般用在動詞和介詞后面。e.g. Ask her, please. Listen to me carefully.2、物主代詞:表示所有關(guān)系的代詞

14、叫物主代詞。我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名 詞 性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs形容詞性物主代詞后面一般要帶上名詞。如:my watch, his cousin, our school名詞性物主代詞本身就可以看作是名詞,故其后不能再加名詞,可單獨使用。e.g. Is that your bike? No. Mine is blue. 3、不定代詞:沒有明確指定代替某個(些)人或物的詞叫不定代詞。(1)some和any都表示“一些”,既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 some多

15、用在肯定句中,any多用在否定句和疑問句中。e.g. There are some flowers in the garden. (肯定句)There isnt any milk in the fridge. (否定句)Do you have any hobbies? (疑問句) 在表示邀請和希望對方給予肯定回答的疑問句中也要用some。e.g. Would you like some coffee? Yes, please. (邀請) Mum, can I have some peaches? Sure.(希望對方給予肯定回答)(2)both和all both表示“兩個都”,只指代或修飾可數(shù)

16、名詞。e.g. We are both policemen.(強調(diào)兩人) all表示“三個或三個以上都”,既可指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞。e.g. They are all in the room.(至少三人)(3)many和much都表示“許多”,many修飾可數(shù)名詞,much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。e.g. My uncle has many stamps. There is much tea in the cup.(4)each和every each強調(diào)個人,指兩個或兩個以上的人或事物中的“每個”;every是指許多人或事物的“全體”,與all的意思相近。e.g. Ill bu

17、y a present for each of her parents. 我要為她的父母每人買一件禮物。 Every book in his study is interesting. 他書房里的每本書都很有趣。(5)other 作形容詞時意思是“其他的”,指尚未提到的部分,其后一般接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。e.g. We study Chinese, English, Maths and other subjects.(6)something和everything something 某事;某物 e.g. I want something to drink. everything 一切事物;每樣事物 e.

18、g. Tell me everything about you.(7)nobody 沒有人 e.g. She likes nobody and nobody likes her.4、疑問代詞:用來表達(dá)疑問或構(gòu)成疑問句的代詞,一般放在疑問句的句首。what問什么Whats your name? My name is Tom. What colour問顏色What colour is your coat? Its red. what day問星期What day is it today? Its Monday.what date問日期What date is it today? Its the f

19、irst of June.what shape問形狀What shape is the moon? Its round.whatjob問工作Whats your fathers job? Hes a bus driver.what time問時間What time is it? Its ten oclock.when問時候When is your birthday? Its on the first of May.which問哪個Which is your watch, this one or that one? That one.where問地點Where is my pen? Its on

20、 the floor.who問誰Who is the boy with big eyes? Hes Liu Tao.whose問誰的Whose bag is this? Its Helens.why問原因Why are you absent today? Im ill.how問方式How do you go to school? By bus.how many問數(shù)量How many books are there? There are five.how much問價錢How much is it? Twenty yuan.how old問年齡How old are you? Im twelve

21、.how far問距離How far is it from here? Its about one kilometer.how about問情況Im thirsty. How about you? Me, too.5、指示代詞 this(這個)、these(這些)表示在時間上或空間上較近的人或物。 that(那個)、those(那些)表示在時間上或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。第6講 形容詞形容詞用來修飾名詞或代詞,表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。它的位置通常放在被修飾的名詞前,也可以放在be動詞和look、feel、taste、sound、get之后。在英語中,形容詞有三個等級,即原級、比較級和最高級

22、。1、表示兩者“等同”時用原級,結(jié)構(gòu)為:as原級as,表示“xx和xx一樣”e.g. Are you as tall as your twin sister? 其否定形式結(jié)構(gòu)為:notas原級as,表示“xx和xxx不一樣”e.g. Im not as tall as you. 2、表示兩者“比較”時用比較級,結(jié)構(gòu)為:比較級than,表示“xx比xxx更” e.g. Hes one year younger than me. 形容詞比較級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則: 一般在詞尾加er e.g. taller,longer,stronger,younger 以字母e結(jié)尾,只加r e.g. latelater,n

23、icenicer 以輔音字母y結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加er e.g. heavyheavier 雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加er e.g. fatfatter,thinthinner,bigbigger 雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞的比較級,在原級前加moree.g. more beautiful,more careful 不規(guī)則變化 e.g. good-better,many / much-more,far-farther,bad / ill-worse3、三個或三個以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較,用形容詞最高級。結(jié)構(gòu)為:the + 形容詞最高級 in/of等表示范圍的短語,表示“最”。e.g. Autumn is th

24、e best season in New York.She is the tallest girl of our three.第7講 副詞1、副詞是一種用來修飾動詞或形容詞的詞,說明時間、程度、方式等概念。大多數(shù)副詞都可以放在動詞后面。e.g. dance beautifully,listen carefully,sit quietly,speak loudly,very happy2、副詞的比較級變化規(guī)則與形容詞比較級基本相同,以ly結(jié)尾的副詞一般用more。e.g. more carefully ,more quietly第8講 介詞介詞又叫前置詞,是一種用來表示詞與詞、詞與句之間關(guān)系的詞

25、,它一般放在名詞、代詞(賓格)或動詞(動詞ing形式)前面。1、in 在里面。如:in the classroom in顏色,穿著顏色的衣服。如:Whos the man in white? in語言,用某種語言說。如:Whats this in English? 在上午、下午、晚上。如:in the morning,in the afternoon,in the evening 在年、月、季節(jié)前。如:in 2008,in August,in summer 在國家、城市和較大的地方前。如:in China,in Wuxi,in the playground 固定搭配。 如:in the mid

26、dle of(在中間),do well in(擅長),in the day(在白天),take part in(參加),stay in bed(躺在床上),in the street(在街上)2、on在上面。 如:on the desk用在某一天(上、下午)前。如:on the 5th of May,on Sunday,on Monday morning以Day結(jié)尾的節(jié)日前。如: on Childrens Day,on New Years Day 固定搭配。如:on foot(步行),on duty(值日),put on(穿上),get on(上車)turn on(打開),on the rig

27、ht / left(在右邊/左邊),on the wall (在墻上),on Zhongshan Road(在中山路上)注 意:樹上長的水果用on the tree;不是樹上長的外來物用in the tree。如:I can see a lot of apples on the tree. There is a boy in the tree. 3、at在某個時刻前。如:at seven oclock在傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日前。如:at Spring Festival,at Mid-Autumn Festival,at Christmas在較小的地點。如:at the bus stop固定搭配。如:at o

28、nce(立刻,馬上),be good at(擅長),look at(看),at home(在家),at school(在學(xué)校), at weekends(在周末), at the back of(在后部), at night(在夜晚)4、under 在下面 如:There is a cat under the table.5、behind 在后面 如:There is an umbrella behind the door.6、near 靠近 如:There is a park near my house.7、beside 在旁邊 如:The students are standing bes

29、ide the teacher.8、next to 緊靠旁邊 如:The teachers office is next to our classroom.9、before (時間上)在之前 如: before class(上課前)10、after (時間上)在之后;依照固定搭配: after class(課后),after school(放學(xué)后),look after(照看),run after(追趕),read after me(跟我讀)11、between 在兩者之間 如:There are some trees between Building A and Building B.12、

30、by 乘某種交通工具 如:by bus,by plane,by the way(順便說一下)13、from be from = come from(來自) 如:Mr Smiths is/comes from Australia.fromto(從到)We go to school from Monday to Friday.14、to 到、去 如:Lets go to the zoo. 固定搭配:write to(給xx寫信)15、about 關(guān)于;大約如: I want to buy a book about animals. Its about one kilometer away.16、f

31、or 為、給 如:Heres a letter for you. Whats for breakfast?固定搭配:look for (尋找),wait for(等候)17、with 與一起。如:Ill go shopping with my mother.具有某種特征。如:Whos the boy with big eyes?help. with. 在某方面幫助某人 如: Can you help me with my English?play with. 和一起玩;拿玩 如:play with me,play with a yo-yo18、in front of 在前面 如:There i

32、s a tree in front of the classroom.in the front of 在前部 如:There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.19、along 沿著,順著 如:Go along this street.20、as 作為 如:What would you like as a birthday present?21、out of 從出來;往之外 如:The dog is running out of the house.22、of 的,屬于 如:a map of China ,a map of the wo

33、rld23、off 離開,在之外 如:keep off the grass(勿踏草坪),get off(下車)24、up 向上 如:stand up(起立),pull up carrots(拔胡蘿卜)25、down 向下 如:sit down(坐下), jump up and down(上下跳)第9講 數(shù)詞1、基數(shù)詞:表示數(shù)目多少。1one11eleven21twenty-one2two12twelve22twenty-two3three13thirteen30thirty4four14fourteen40forty5five15fifteen50fifty6six16sixteen60six

34、ty7seven17seventeen70seventy8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten20twenty100hundred注意:數(shù)字“0”可以讀作“zero”,也可以讀作字母“o”。2、序數(shù)詞:表示順序先后。1stfirst11theleventh21sttwenty-first2ndsecond12thtwelfth22ndtwenty-second3rdthird13ththirteenth30ththirtieth4thfourth14thfourteenth40thfortieth5thfifth15thfift

35、eenth50thfiftieth6thsixth16thsixteenth60thsixtieth7thseventh17thseventeenth70thseventieth8theighth18theighteenth80theightieth9thninth19thnineteenth90thninetieth10thtenth20thtwentieth100thhundredth基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞記憶口訣:一、二、三,需要記,八去t,九省e,ve結(jié)尾時,f來代替,ty結(jié)尾時,y變ie,再加th,若是幾十幾,前基后序別忘記。第10講 連詞連詞,顧名思義,是一種起連接作用的詞。1、and “

36、和”,表示并列關(guān)系。 如:There are some desks and chairs in the classroom. 2、but “但是”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 如:You can skate well, but I cant .3、or “還是”,表示選擇關(guān)系。 如:Would you like a glass of milk or a cup of tea?注 意:在疑問句或否定句中,當(dāng)表示并列關(guān)系時,不用and,而用or。 如:Do you have any brothers or sisters?I dont have any brothers or sisters. 4、than

37、“比”,表示對比關(guān)系。 如:Su Hai jumps farther than Su Yang.5、because “因為”,表示因果關(guān)系。 如:I like summer best because I can go swimming.6、so “所以”,表示結(jié)果關(guān)系。 如:Helen was ill , so she didnt go to school yesterday.第11講 動詞動詞是表示動作或行為的詞。按其詞義和在句子中的作用可以分為連系動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞和行為動詞。1、be動詞(am,is,are) be動詞做謂語時,要與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。用法口訣: 我用am,你用

38、are,is 用在他、她、它,復(fù)數(shù)全用are。 如:I am a teacher. You are a student. She is a nurse. We are Chinese. be動詞的否定形式:am not(無縮寫形式),is notisnt,are not=arent 2、助動詞(do,does,did) do,does用于一般現(xiàn)在時,does用于第三人稱單數(shù),其他人稱和數(shù)用do。其過去式did用于一般過去時。他們通常用在疑問句和否定句中。助動詞后動詞要用原形。如:Do you like this film? Does she like playing football?I di

39、dnt go to school yesterday. 否定形式:do not = dont,does not =doesnt,did not=didnt3、情態(tài)動詞(can,may,must,should,will,would,shall等)情態(tài)動詞表示說話人對某一動作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度,表示“可能”,“可以”,“需要”,“必須”,“應(yīng)當(dāng)”等意思。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,后面的動詞要用原形。1)can和may都可以用來表示請求或允許,但may比can更正式,更客氣些。如: Can I use your pen? May I come in? 2)must和should must意為“必須,應(yīng)當(dāng)

40、”,含有一種命令的語氣,比較生硬,不容商量。 should意為“應(yīng)當(dāng),應(yīng)該”,表示建議或勸告,語氣比較委婉,客氣。 如:You must finish your homework before you go to bed. You should stay in bed and have a good rest. 3)will和would用于疑問句,表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱蠡蛟儐?,用would比will更委婉,更客氣。如:Will you please open the window? Would you like some coffee? 注意區(qū)別:Id like 我想要(接名詞) 如:Id

41、like some tea.Id like to 我想要做(接動詞原形)如:Id like to go with you.I like 我喜歡(接名詞或動名詞)如:I like monkeys. I like reading.4) shall 在問句中表示征求對方的意見,主要用于第一人稱。如:Shall we go there by bus?5)否定形式:cant,may not,mustnt,shouldnt,wouldnt,shall not4、行為動詞行為動詞也叫實意動詞,是具有實際意義的動詞。如run(跑), jump(跳),listen(聽),sing(唱),eat(吃),think

42、(想)等。行為動詞在句子中有人稱和時態(tài)的變化。在英語中,不同時間里發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),需要用不同的動詞形式來表現(xiàn),這就叫時態(tài)。第16講 句法1、陳述句說明事實或陳述說話人觀點的句子?;窘Y(jié)構(gòu):主語謂語其他1)肯定陳述句 We all like pandas very much.2)否定陳述句 He doesnt do housework at weekends3)肯定陳述句改否定陳述句一般是在be動詞或情態(tài)動詞后加not。Mary was at school yesterday. > Mary was not at school yesterday.I can make a mode

43、l plane. >I can not make a model plane.不含be動詞或情態(tài)動詞的,行為動詞前要用助動詞的否定式(dont,doesnt,didnt),后面跟動詞的原形。He likes drawing pictures.>He doesnt like drawing pictures.I went to the park yesterday. >I didnt go to the park yesterday.4)陳述句改一般疑問句有be動詞或情態(tài)動詞的,把be動詞或情態(tài)動詞提前。 Mary was at school yesterday. > W

44、as Mary at school yesterday? I can make a model plane. > Can you make a model plane?不含be動詞或情態(tài)動詞的句子,借助助動詞開頭,動詞還原成原形。 He likes drawing pictures.>Does he like drawing pictures. I went to the park yesterday. >Did you go to the park yesterday?2、疑問句用來提出問題,詢問情況的句子,末尾用問號。1)一般疑問句:一般疑問句常用來詢問一件事是否屬實,通

45、常以be動詞,助動詞或情態(tài)動詞開頭,用yes或no來回答,因此又叫是非疑問句,通常讀升調(diào)。Is Mr Green from the UK? Yes,he is. / No,he isnt.Do you have any hobbies? Yes,I do. / No,I dont.Can you play the guitar? Yes,I can. / No,I cant.2)特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo),要求回答具體問題,不能用yes或no來回答。How do you go to work every day? I go to work by car.3)選擇疑問句:提供兩種或兩種以上情況

46、,讓對方選擇,往往用or連接。Would you like some tea or coffee? Some coffee, please.4)反意疑問句:反意疑問句是由陳述句和附在其后的附加疑問句組成。Its a fine day, isnt it? Yes ,it is.3、祈使句表示請求或命令別人做某事或不做某事。1)用于第二人稱,通常省略you。肯定祈使句:Open the door, please. 否定祈使句:Dont be late again.2)用于第一人稱和第三人稱,通常以let(let后跟賓格)或shall開頭。Let me have a look. Lets play

47、a game now. Let him go home now.Shall we meet at one thirty in front of the Garden Theatre?4、感嘆句表達(dá)喜怒哀樂等強烈感情,句尾常用感嘆號(!),語氣用降調(diào)。1)what + 名詞或名詞性短語 What a big garden (it is)!What an interesting storybook (it is) !What lovely weather (it is)!What pretty girls (they are)!2)how +形容詞或副詞主語動詞How nice!How beaut

48、iful the flowers are!How tall Yao Ming is!5、there be 句型 表示在某地有某人或某物。1)主語是單數(shù),be動詞用is(was);主語是復(fù)數(shù),be動詞用are(were)。There is some milk in the fridge.There are some peaches in the basket.2)如果有幾個不同的人或物并列存在,be動詞根據(jù)最靠近的那個名詞而定。There is a ruler and five knives in the pencil case.There are five knives and a ruler

49、 in the pencil case.3)there be句型和have/has區(qū)別:there be句型表示某地有某人或某物;have/has表示某人有某物。has用于第三人稱單數(shù),其余人稱和數(shù)用have。There are some English books on the desk.I have some English books. 第17講 聽力人類交際中80以上是通過口頭進(jìn)行的,而聽懂對方的話語是進(jìn)行有效交際的前提和關(guān)鍵。因此,聽力至關(guān)重要,它位于“聽說讀寫”四種能力之首。英語聽力測試一般有以下題型:1聽音辨詞2聽錄音給圖或句子排序3聽問句選答句4聽短文或?qū)υ掃M(jìn)行選擇或判斷5聽錄

50、音填空第18講 話題1、介紹My name is Tom. Im Gao Shan.This is David. The man in a white coat is my father.2、問候、告別Hello! /Hi!Good morning! / Good afternoon! /Good evening!How are you? - Fine, thank you. / Not bad, thank you. / Not so good.Nice to meet you. - Nice to meet you , too.How do you do?-How do you do?Go

51、odbye! / Bye! / Bye-Bye!See you (tomorrow/later).Good night.3、談?wù)撊嘶蛭颳hats your name? / Your name, please?Who is he?Whats this in English?How old are you?Where are you from? / Are you from the USA?Whats your job?What is she?4、請求、勸告、建議、征求May I come in?Can I have a look?Yes. / Sure.Sorry, you cant.Dont

52、forget to close the windows.We must go home now.Lets go to school.Shall we go now?Why dont you buy a new one?What about a cup of tea?Would you like a hamburger?What would you like?Yes, please. / Yes, Id like to./ Yes, Id love to.No, thanks.5、道歉、感謝、贊揚Excuse me.Sorry. / Im sorry.-Thats OK/all right. /

53、 Its doesnt matter.Thanks. / Thank you. / Thank you very much.Not at all. / You re welcome. / Its my pleasure.Its pretty/ smart/nice.How nice!6、詢問時間、星期及日期Whats the time? / what time is it now?-Its twelve oclock. Its time to have lunch.What day is it today?-Its Sunday/Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday/Friday.What date is it

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