商務(wù)翻譯(2)--文體意識--continued

1、商務(wù)英語翻譯的文體意識商務(wù)英語翻譯的文體意識-continuedBusiness Translation for MTI studentsAlternative policies were adopted but resulted in very limited success. They included the increase of short-term interest rates to discourage short-term capital outflows, the decrease of the long-term interest rates to stimulate do

2、mestic production, interventions in foreign exchange markets, and a number of direct controls over capital outflows. 盡管采取了多種政策但收效極其有限。這些政策包括提高短期利率以阻止短期資金的外流，降低長期利率以刺激國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)，干預(yù)外匯市場，以及一系列直接控制資金外流的措施。 capital flight 資本外逃 Hot moneyWays and Means Committee 歲出歲入委員會The United States House Committee on Ways a

3、nd Means is a committee in the United States House of Representatives similar to that same committee in the United Kingdom House of Commons. Unlike its UK counterpart, the US committee still meets and has jurisdiction over all taxation, tariffs, and other revenue-raising measures, as well as Social

4、Security, Medicare, and a number of other programs. Hot money is a term that is most commonly used in financial markets to refer to the flow of funds (or capital) from one country to another in order to earn a short-term profit on interest rate differences and/or anticipated exchange rate shifts. Th

5、ese speculative capital flows are called hot money because they can move very quickly in and out of markets, potentially leading to market instability熱錢，又稱游資（refugee capital）Hot money - WikipediaIn economics, hot money refers to funds which flow into a country to take advantage of a favorable intere

6、st rate, and therefore obtain higher returns. They influence the balance of payments and strengthen the exchange rate of the recipient country while weakening the currency of the country losing the money. These funds are held in currency markets by speculators as opposed to national banks or domesti

7、c investors. As such, they are highly volatile and will be shifted to another foreign exchange market when relative interest rates make this more profitable.自2010年2月起，國家外匯管理局（State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE)請看新華社的報道An investigation into this years speculative hot money inflows uncover

8、ed 190 cases involving 7.35 billion U.S. dollars of funds, a senior official of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) said.In an undated interview with The Peoples Daily posted on the newspapers website Monday, Deng Xianhong, deputy director of the SAFE, said the foreign exchange regul

9、ator did not find evidence of large amounts of hot money flowing into China.The SAFE investigation began in February.The latest figure was unchanged from the May 25 figure.Most of the speculative and arbitrage capital from overseas wound up in the equity and property markets, Deng told the newspaper

10、 without giving further details.Excerpt from China uncovers US$7.35 bln of hot money inflows （來源：中國網(wǎng)學英語頻道）凱恩斯（John Maynard Keynes）(1)交易動機（Transaction motive） (2)預(yù)防動機(Precautionary motive） (3)投機動機(Speculative motive） Your letter of credit is to allow 2% more or less in drawings. 貴方信用證支取時允許百分之二的上下浮動。A

11、fter the WWII some countries in Europe agreed to make their currencies freely convertible into gold for international payments only, thus forming a gold standard that was entirely external. 二戰(zhàn)后，有些歐洲國家同意其貨幣可以自由兌換黃金，但只限于國際支付款。這樣就形成了完全對外的金本位。 Payment will be made upon receipt of the goods with a discou

12、nt of 5% for cash payment.收貨付款，現(xiàn)金支付九五折。而復(fù)數(shù)形式payments表示“支付的款項”，如：You agree to repay this loan by 10 weekly payments of 10. 你同意每周支付10英鎊，十周還清此貸款。 In this case, foreigners net imports from Britain are not being financed entirely by British loans. 既然這樣，外國人從英國的凈進口就不可能全部用英國的貸款來支付。Buyer must be responsible

13、for all movements of the goods from inland point of loading, and pay all transportation costs.買方應(yīng)負責將貨物從內(nèi)陸裝貨地開始的所有運輸活動，并支付一切運輸費用。 復(fù)數(shù)表示債券或股票 securities 為“有價證券”的統(tǒng)稱；shares （Br. E）和stocks (Am. E)都表示“股票的量”、“股份額”； ways-and-means advances (英格蘭銀行的)短期貸款；yearlings 一年定期債券；gains 漲價的股票；interests 利益，股份；floaters政府不

14、記名債券；Kaffirs（英倫敦證券交易所的）南非金礦股票（不可數(shù)）；funds英國指只付利息的長期公債, 當作公共有價證券使用，（The stock of the British permanent national debt, considered as public securities.）與 the連用。 有少數(shù)由形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換來的名詞形式表示數(shù)量。movable 活動的，變動的 movables 動產(chǎn)；overhead在頭上的，高架的 overheads 企業(yè)管理費用，相當于overhead costs/expenses 管理費用；invisible無形的 invisibles = in

15、visible imports and exports無形出口商品與無形進口商品；visibles = visible imports and visible exports 有形進出口商品; receivable可接受的 receivables 應(yīng)收賬款；outstanding未付清的，已發(fā)行的 outstandings 未償付的貸款，未清算的賬目，股東持有的股票; valuable 有價值的，貴重的 valuables貴重物品。 receivables turnover 應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)率cash and receivables 現(xiàn)金及應(yīng)收賬款Banks originated as place

16、s in which people took their valuables for safe-keeping, but today the great banks of the world have many functions in addition to acting as guardians of valuable private possessions. 銀行在其起源時曾是為人們安全保管貴重物品的地方，但如今，除了擔當貴重私有財產(chǎn)衛(wèi)士的角色以外，世界大銀行還有很多的功能。 The largest single issue in the preparation, presentatio

17、n, and verification of documentation by sellers, buyers, and banks is consistency among documents.（Hinkelman, 2009: 13）原譯：在準備、提交和審查單據(jù)時，最大的問題是單據(jù)的一致性。全句譯文：賣方、買方及銀行在制單、交單和驗單中最大的問題在于單證的一致性。STOWAGE INSTRUCTIONS These are specific instructions given by the consignor in a letter or on a shipping line or fr

18、eight forwarders pre-printed form regarding how or where a shipment should be stowed during transport. For example, a shipper may require that the shipment be placed below deck and amidships for greater protection from the elements and movement of the ship. （Hinkelman, 2009: 39）原譯：裝載或理艙須知，理艙須知 Buyer

19、s or their chartering agent shall advise the Seller by fax 10 days prior to the arrival of the carrying vessel at the port of shipment of the contract number, name of the carrying vessel, approximate loading capacity, lay days and port of loading. 原譯：買方或其租船代理人須于載貨輪抵達裝運港10天前以傳真方式通知賣方合同號、船名、大約受載重量、預(yù)計抵

20、達日期及裝運港名改譯：在承運船抵達裝貨港10天前，買方或其船代須將合同號、承運船名、船舶的近似載重量、船舶在港時間和裝貨港以傳真的方式告知賣方。 There is a tendency for an organization of this type to be rather romantic; this place isnt romantic it actually makes money. He is impressed equally by the open information policy, which circulates details of all meetings to e

21、mployees, and the rapid growth. 原譯：這樣的公司常常是很浪漫的，但這個地方并不浪漫，實際上它是賺錢的。公司的信息公開政策同樣給他以很深的印象，所有公司的會議的細節(jié)及迅速發(fā)展狀況都傳達給雇員。 There is a tendency for an organization of this type to be rather romantic; this place isnt romantic it actually makes money. He is impressed equally by the open information policy, which

22、circulates details of all meetings to employees, and the rapid growth.改譯：這種類型的公司常有浮夸的傾向，而這家公司并非如此實際上，它是盈利的。公司的信息公開政策以及迅速成長的態(tài)勢在相同程度上給他以深刻的印象，信息公開政策是指所有會議的具體內(nèi)容都傳達到全體員工。 romantic浪漫的，談情說愛的，多情的，風流的，香艷的； 空想的，虛構(gòu)的，怪誕的，想入非非的，不實際的，難實行的（計劃等）； 傳奇（式）的，小說般的，情節(jié)離奇的； 浪漫主義的(觀點等)不現(xiàn)實的，不切實際的，空想的 If you say that someone

23、has a romantic view or idea of something, you are critical of them because their view of it is unrealistic and they think that thing is better or more exciting than it really is. He has a romantic view of rural society.他對農(nóng)村的看法不切實際。I dont have any romantic notions about having a baby. Its a really to

24、ugh job.我對生孩子并沒有抱任何幻想。這的確是件很不容易的事情。 The higher IMF estimates may be better yardsticks of economic progress. 原譯：國際貨幣基金組織的較高的估計可能是衡量經(jīng)濟進步的比較科學的標準改譯：國際貨幣基金組織的預(yù)算可以作為衡量（或判斷）世界經(jīng)濟發(fā)展更為合適的標準。A given currency could, therefore, never rise above nor fall bellow fixed points which are called intervention points.

25、原譯：因此，一種貨幣上升時既不得高于固定點，下降時也不能低于它。這個固定點就稱之為“干預(yù)點改譯：因此，某種貨幣升值時不得高于上限定點，貶值時亦不得低于下限定點。這兩個定點就稱作為干預(yù)點幣值波動的上下限。Marketing occurs when people decide to satisfy needs and wants through exchange. 原譯：當人們開始通過交換來滿足欲望和需求的時候就出現(xiàn)了營銷。Business is a combination of all these activities: production, distribution and sale, th

26、rough which profit or economic surplus will be created. 原譯：商務(wù)是指生產(chǎn)、配送、銷售等一切活動的組合，通過這些活動，創(chuàng)造利潤和經(jīng)濟盈余改譯：商務(wù)是指生產(chǎn)、配送、銷售并創(chuàng)造利潤的所有關(guān)聯(lián)活動。 Traditionally, business simply meant exchange or trade for things people wanted or needed, but today it has a more technical definition, which is the production, distribution,

27、 and sale of goods and service for a profit. 原譯：傳統(tǒng)上，商務(wù)僅指人們所需要的物品的交換或貿(mào)易。但是，今天商務(wù)有更為科學的定義，它是指為了利潤而進行貨物和勞務(wù)的生產(chǎn)、配送和銷售的一種活動。 改譯：傳統(tǒng)意義上的商務(wù)是指為了獲得人們需求的物品而進行的交易活動。但是現(xiàn)在商務(wù)有了更為科學的定義：商務(wù)是為了獲取利潤而進行的商品的生產(chǎn)、配送和銷售活動以及提供服務(wù)業(yè)務(wù)。 商務(wù)專業(yè)知識的意識國際商務(wù)英語實用性的特點使得國際商務(wù)英語的翻譯者明白，為了提高翻譯質(zhì)量，他必須對眾多的國際商務(wù)業(yè)務(wù)有所了解，并且精通其中一門專業(yè).In the event credit does not become more available in the near future, as owners debt obligations come to maturity (especially in high le