一般現(xiàn)在時的用法(共16頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上一般現(xiàn)在時的用法1) 表示經(jīng)常的或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的副詞連用。常用的頻度副詞有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never。頻度副詞在句中通常放在行為動詞之前，系動詞、助動詞之后。例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天經(jīng)常游泳。I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。2)表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。例如：My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父親在工作，他很忙。The boy

2、is twelve. 這男孩十二歲。3)表示主語具備的性格、特征和能力等。例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜歡足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹總是樂于助人。Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯，講的可不行。4)表示客觀真理，客觀存在，自然現(xiàn)象。例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動。Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國東

3、部。5)表示按計劃或安排好的，或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動作，可用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。He comes back tonight. 他今晚回來。6)在復合句中，當主句是一般將來時，時間或條件狀語從句的謂語動詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示將來要發(fā)生的動作。例如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回來時，我將告訴他這個消息。If you

4、take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受這份工作，他們將和你談談細節(jié)。鞏固練習：1、Lucy likes going skating with her friends. (改寫成否定句)_2、Aunt Lis son has ten toy bears. (對劃線部分提問)_3、His watch costs 300 yuan. (變成一般疑問句并否定回答)_4、I like being a nurse for the old. (變成一般疑問句)_5、張叔叔每天乘坐地鐵上班。_6、我們每周日?；ㄈr在圖書

5、館看書。_7、我爺爺常常晚飯后出去散步。英語的動詞時態(tài)這一語法現(xiàn)象與我們母語的語法差別較大，學起來也較乏味。如何教學這些語法，從而使學生更好、更有效地掌握它們，是經(jīng)常困擾教師的問題。筆者在教學實踐中進行了努力的嘗試和探索，并依據(jù)信息加工的學習理論，總結出較為行之有效的“三元”教學法：從“標志”信息輸入著眼，經(jīng)過“概念”思維加工，達成“結構”形式輸出，從而使師生擺脫枯燥的時態(tài)教學，掌握動詞時態(tài)的規(guī)律，形成有效的語法教學策略。一、從“概念.結構.標志”三個方面把握動詞時態(tài)“概念.結構.標志”三個方面是學習一種時態(tài)所必須把握的，三者相互聯(lián)系，相互制約，共同表述一個完整的時態(tài)含義?！案拍睢鼻宄卣f明了

6、一種時態(tài)的用法。對于概念的把握一定要全面、準確，表述嚴密，如對于一般現(xiàn)在時的用法，不能只表述為“表示經(jīng)常性或習?下面列舉兩種時態(tài)進行說明。（一）一般現(xiàn)在時1.概念：一般現(xiàn)在時的基本用法有四種。(1)表示現(xiàn)在的狀況，如Mr. Green has two children. (2)表示主語所具備的性格或能力，如Ann enjoys listening to the radio. Miss White speaks Chinese very well. (3)表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性或反復出現(xiàn)的動作或狀態(tài)，如I usually rest on Sundays. Mr. Brown always gets

7、up early. LiLei goes to see Uncle Wang once a month. (4)表示客觀事實和普遍真理，如It never snows in Australia in December. Light travels faster than sound.2.結構：一般現(xiàn)在時的結構在一般情況下用動詞原形，當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞也要相應變成單數(shù)形式，其否定式、疑問式要加助動詞do或does。例如：Miss Gao teaches us English. Does your mother work in a factory?3.標志：一般現(xiàn)在時常與下列表示頻率

8、的副詞或短語連用：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, twice a week, on Sundays等。一、 一般現(xiàn)在時 1.概念：經(jīng)常、反復發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。 2.時間狀語： Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week(day, year, month), on Sundays, 3.基本結構：動詞 原形 （如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，動詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式） 4.否定形式：主語+am/is/are

9、+not+其他; 此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加don't, 如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn't，同時還原行為動詞。 5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首；用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞。 6.例句：. It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words.編輯本段二、 一般過去時 1.概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。 2.時間狀語：ago, yesterday,

10、 the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本結構：be動詞；行為動詞 的過去式 4.否定形式：主語+was/were +not+其他;在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞。 5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時還原行為動詞。 6.例句：She often came to help

11、us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy.編輯本段三、 現(xiàn)在進行時 1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。 2.時間狀語：Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen 3.基本結構：主語+be +doing +其他 4.否定形式：主語+be +not +doing+其他 5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首。 6.例句： How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons.編輯本段四、 過去進行時 1.概念：表示過去

12、某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進行的行為或動作。 2.時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。 3.基本結構 主語+was/were +doing +其他 4.否定形式：主語+was/were + not +doing+其他 5.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。(第一個字母大寫） 6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.編輯本段五、 現(xiàn)在完成時 1.概念

13、：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。 2.時間狀語：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+時間點，for+時間段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 3.基本結構：主語+have/has +p.p（過去分詞）+其他 4.否定形式：主語+have/has + not +p.p（過去分詞）+其他 5.一般疑問句：have或has。 6.例句：I've written an article. The countryside

14、has changed a lot in the past few years.編輯本段六、 過去完成時 1.概念：以過去某個時間為標準，在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。 2.時間狀語：Before, by the end of last year (term, month), etc. 3.基本結構：主語+had + p.p（過去分詞）+其他 4.否定形式：主語+had + not +p.p（過去分詞）+其他 5.一般疑問句：had放于句首。 6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had l

15、eft. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 基本結構：主語+had+p.p（過去分詞）+其他 肯定句：主語+ had+p.p（過去分詞）+其他 否定句：主語+ had+ not+p.p（過去分詞）+其他 一般疑問句：Had+主語+p.p（過去分詞）+其他 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句編輯本段七、 一般將來時 1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。 2.時間狀語：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,

16、the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.基本結構：主語+am/is/are +going to + do+其他；主語+will/shall + do+其他 4.否定形式：主語+am/is/are not going to do ；主語+will/shall not do+其他 5.一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.編輯本段八、 過去將來時 1.概念：立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用

17、于賓語從句中。 2.時間狀語：The next day (morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 3.基本結構：主語+was/were +going to + do+其他；主語+would/should + do+其他 4.否定形式：主語+was/were/not + going to + do; 主語+would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。 6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day. I aske

18、d who was going there .編輯本段九、將來完成時 1.概念：在將來某一時刻之前開始的動作或狀態(tài) 2.時間狀語：by the time of; by the end of+時間短語（將來）;by the time+從句（將來） 3.基本結構：主語+be going to/will/shall + have+p.p（過去分詞）+其他 4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.編輯本段十、現(xiàn)在完成進行時 1.概念：表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。這一動作

19、可能剛剛開始，也可能仍在繼續(xù)，并可能延續(xù)到將來。 2.基本結構：主語+have/has +been +doing+其他 3.時間狀語：since+時間點，for+時間段等。 4.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour. The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.編輯本段十一、 一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的轉(zhuǎn)換 在現(xiàn)在完成時中，延續(xù)性動詞能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，瞬間動詞卻不能。但是，可用別的表達方式：瞬間動詞用于“一段時間 + ago”的一般過去時的句型中；瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應的延

20、續(xù)性動詞及短語，與一段時間連用；瞬間動詞用于“It is + 一段時間 + since + 一般過去時”的句型中，表示“自從以來有時間”的意思，主句一般用it is來代替It has been;瞬間動詞用于“Some time has passed since + 一般過去時”的句型中。請看： A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passe

21、d since he joined the League.編輯本段十二、 一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時的轉(zhuǎn)換 在一般現(xiàn)在時中，at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上學、上課）等。此短語可與進行時態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請看： Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing.編輯本段十三、 現(xiàn)在進行時與一般將來時的轉(zhuǎn)換 在現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)中go, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將要發(fā)生的動作。如：I am com

22、ing, Mum! 意為“我就來，媽媽！”請看： The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon.（二）現(xiàn)在完成時1.概念：基本用法有兩種。(1)表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。(2)表示從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。2.結構：助動詞have(has)動詞的過去分詞。3.標志：用法(1)常與下列詞語連用：already, yet, just, ever, never, before, recently等；用法(2)常與“since時間點”或“for時間段”所構成的表示一段時間的狀語連用，也

23、可與包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的表示一段時間的狀語連用，如this morning, these days等。其他幾種時態(tài)不再一一列舉。在平時的教學中，只要我們從上述三個方面去把握動詞時態(tài)，學生就會逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn)其規(guī)律，做到有章可循，主動地學習，從而變以教師為主體的講語法為以學生為主體的學語法，收到事半功倍的效果。二、要善于進行各種時態(tài)的用法比較學習了幾種時態(tài)以后，就容易出現(xiàn)混淆、錯用的情況，這就要求我們要不斷地將一些時態(tài)加以比較，以便能夠更好地把握其本質(zhì)。其實，動詞時態(tài)的比較也是以“概念.結構.標志”三元為依據(jù)比較的。試看下面幾種時態(tài)的比較。（一）一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的用法比較1.一般過去時只單純表示過去

24、的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和確定的表示過去的時間狀語連用；而現(xiàn)在完成時既涉及過去又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在，但它強調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能和確定的表示過去的時間狀語連用。試比較：I have posted the letter（說明現(xiàn)在信不在這里）。I posted the letter yesterday（只說明昨天寄信這一事實）。2.有些時間狀語（標志），如this morning, tonight等，既可用于一般過去時，也可用于現(xiàn)在完成時，但所表示的意義有所不同。用于現(xiàn)在完成時的表示“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)，而用于一般過去時則與“現(xiàn)在”無關。例如：I have read the book this

25、May（講話時仍是五月）。I read the book this May（講話時五月已過）。（二）一般過去時與過去完成時的用法比較1.一般過去時表示過去某時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)；而過去完成時則表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其標志是“過去的過去”。當強調(diào)過去某一動作發(fā)生在過去另一動作之前時，常用此時態(tài)。例如：The film had already begun when I reached the theatre.2.一般過去時與過去完成時都可以和確定的表示過去的時間狀語連用，但側重點有所不同。試比較：They had done the work at five oclo

26、ck. They did the work at five oclock.第一句說明工作在五點鐘已完成，并未說明是什么時候完成的；第二句說明工作是在五點鐘做的。3.在帶有before或after引導的時間狀語從句的復合句中，由于主、從句動作發(fā)生的先后順序已非常明確，所以可用一般過去時代替過去完成時，如The train had left before I got to the station.也可以說：The train left before I got to the station.其他時態(tài)的比較，如一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時，一般過去時與過去進行時的用法比較不再列舉。時態(tài)的混合使用是以掌握好

27、每一種時態(tài)的用法以及各時態(tài)的比較用法為基礎的，在中學階段使用較少，在此不做詳談。三、注意時態(tài)與時間不一致的特殊情況如前所述，判斷時態(tài)要從“標志”（時間狀語）著眼，這是一般規(guī)律。但有些情況下，時態(tài)與時間（標志）并不一致，在教學中應引起足夠的重視，做到靈活使用，可視之為“特殊標志”。1.一些表示來往動作的動詞（動向動詞）常用進行時表示將來時，常見的這類動詞有arrive, come, go, leave, set off, start等、例如：The Browns are leaving for Paris next month.2.一般現(xiàn)在時有時可以表示預定的近期將發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，也可用來表示

28、說話時正在進行的動作。例如：Are you free tomorrow? The train starts at 7:50 in the evening. Here comes the bus! There goes the bell!3.一般過去時可以表示目前非真實的情況或不能實現(xiàn)的愿望（即虛擬語氣）。例如：I wish I could fly to the moon by spaceship. Its high time you went home. If I were you, I would go with him.4.在含有狀語從句的復合句中，當主句是將來時態(tài)或是祈使句時，狀語從句應

29、用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時代替一般將來時，用一般過去時代替過去將來時。例如：I will go to town if it doesnt rain tomorrow. He said he would come to see us if he had time. Please tell him about it as soon as he comes back. Are you going to play with us when you have finished your homework?5.在含有賓語從句的復合句中，主從句動詞時態(tài)有如下不一致情況。(1)當賓語從句表示科學真理、客觀事實、

30、格言或其他不受時間影響、限制的客觀存在的事物時，如：Long ago people didnt know that the earth moves round the sun. She told hers on that practice makes perfect.(2)當賓語從句用來解釋、表達科技內(nèi)容時，如：The teacher told us that the attraction of the earth for all bodies is called gravity.(3)當賓語從句表示一種反復出現(xiàn)或目前習慣性動作時，如：He said he does morning exerc

31、ises everyday.(4)當賓語從句中謂語動詞的動作在轉(zhuǎn)述時仍在繼續(xù)，或表示現(xiàn)在時刻仍存在的狀態(tài)時，如：LiLei said his father is attending a meeting in Shanghai. She told me the other day that she is only seventeen.6.其他從句，如比較狀語從句、定語從句等不受主句時態(tài)的影響，應根據(jù)實際需要，選擇適當?shù)臅r態(tài)。例如：It was colder yesterday than it is today. Last night I read the book which you are r

32、eading now.對于這些特殊情況，在平時的教學中，應特別注意。其實，我們也可以把上述情況視為一種特殊的“標志”，進而判斷相應的時態(tài)形式。初中英語動詞時態(tài)專項訓練一、用所給詞的適當形式填空： 1He_swimming in the river every day in summer. (go) 2.It_you are right. ( seem ) 3.Look, the children _ basketball on the playground. ( play ) 4.He_to the radio when I came in, ( listen ) 5.It is very c

33、old .I think it _. ( rain ) 6. I need some paper . I _some for you . ( bring ) 7.I cant find my pen . Whoit _? ( take ) 8.He said that he_back in five minutes . ( come ) 9.I didnt meet him. He _when I got there. ( leave ) 10.I_my bike, so I have to walk to school. ( lose ) 11.He_down and began to re

34、ad his newspaper. ( sit ) 12.He is not here. He _to the post office. (go) 13.He is very hungry. He_anything for three days. ( not eat ) 14.I_with you if I have time . ( go ) 15.We will go to the cinema if it_tomorrow . (rain ) 16.I will tell her the news when she_to see me next week. (come) 17. “ Wh

35、en you_the _car ?” “ In 1998 . ”( buy ) 18.We_good friends since we met at school . （be） 19.What_you_ at five yesterday afternoon ? (do) 20.The bike is nice . How much _it_? (cost) 二、選擇最佳答案填空 （ ）1.Well go swimming if the weatherfine tomorrow. A. is B.was C. will be D.is going to be （ ）2.Itfive years

36、 since he has left for Beijing. A. was B. have been C.is D.is going to be （ ）3.Please dont leave the office until your friendback. A.came B.comes C.have come D.will come （ ）4.By the end of last year heabout 1500 English words. A. learns B.learned C.was learning D.had learned （ ）5.Listen ! Someonein

37、the next room . A.cried B.crying C.is crying D.has cried （ ）6.You must tell him the news as soon as youhim. A.see B.sees C.will see D.is seeing （ ）7.He told me that heto see us the next day. A.comes B. came C. will come D. would come （ ）8.We cant find him anywhere . Perhaps hehome. A. is going B. we

38、nt C. has come D. would come （ ）9.The teacher told us that the sunbigger than the earth. A. is B. was C. has been D.will be （ ）10.Could you tell me where the railway station? A. was B. is C. will be D. would be （ ）11.Weto the Great Wall several times. A. go B. were going C. have gone D.have been （ ）

39、12.It seemed that the old manfor something over there. A. looks B. looked C. was looking D. has looked （ ）13.He was sure that hehis wallet in the office . A. left B. would leave C. had left D. has left （ ）14.You must study hard if you want to fail the exam. A. wont B. dont C. havent D. hadnt （ ）15.

40、Im afraid you cant sit here . Sorry , Iknow. A. dont B. wont C. cant D. didnt （ ）16. As shethe newspaper , Grannyasleep. A. read , was falling B. fell C. was reading , was falling D.read , fell （ ）17. my glasses ? Yes , I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you

41、see D. Have you seen （ ）18. Jim is not coming tonight . But he ! A. promises（許諾） B. promised C. will promise D. had promised （ ）19. Whats her name? I. A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. am forgetting （ ）20.Youyour rurn so youll have to wait. A. will miss B. have missed C. are missing D. had mis

42、sed 三、動詞時態(tài)能力綜合測試 （ ）1.He oftenhis clothes on Sundays. A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash （ ）2.Im Chinese. Wherefrom? A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming （ ）3.Mayto school. A. never walks B. is never walking C. walk never D. never is walking （ ）4.We will start as so

43、on as our teacher . A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming （ ）5.How long agoplaying football? A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop （ ）6.It hard when I left my house . A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain （ ）7.I think this questionto answer. A. easy

44、B. is easy C. was easy D. will easy （ ）8. Dont talk so loudly . Your father A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept （ ）9.How many people does the doctor know whoof the disease (疾病)？ A. are dying B. is dying C. has died D. dies （ ）10.Imy homework now. A. finish B. finished C. have finished D.

45、had finished （ ）11.Itten years since his father died. A. is B. was C. had been D. will be （ ）12.Hefor three years. A. has joined B. has been in the army C. joined D. has served the army （ ）13.His grandfatherfor thirty years. A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died （ ）14.I from my brother fo

46、r a long time. A. not have heard B. have not heard C. have heard not D. do not hear （ ）15.Maths , one of the most important subjectsalways interested him. A. has B. have C. are D. is （ ）16.Did your brother go to America last year? A. No , he did never go there B. No , he has never gone here C. No ,

47、he never was there D. No , hes never been there （ ）17.He that factory since 1958. A. has left B. has worked in C. has gone from D. has come to （ ）18.Since ten years ago great changesin China. A. happened B. have been happened C. have happened D. are taken place （ ）19.Our teacherto Beijing three time

48、s. A. went B. had gone C. has gone D. has been （ ）20.Its the third time you late this week. A. had arrived B. arrived C. have arrived D. arrive （ ）21. the film since I came here. A. Ive seen B. I will see C. I would see D. I see （ ）22.Last week Johnhis leg. A. felt and broken B. fell and broke C. fe

49、els and breaks D. fallen and broken （ ）23.Jackhis thick coat because it was snowing. A. puts on B. put on C. takes on D. took on （ ）24.Hethe picture on the wall. A. hanged B. hung C. has hanged D. was hanged （ ）25.Next monthtwenty five. A. has my sister B. my sister will be C. my sister shall have D

50、. my sister is going to be （ ）26.Youher again in a few weeks. A. will see B. have seen C. had seen D. have been seen （ ）27.My parentsme to be a doctor. A. hoped B. wanted C. decided D. withes （ ）28.Ithard when we left. A. is raining B. has rained C. rained D. was raining （ ）29. By the end of last te

51、rm weEnglish for two years. A. have studied B. have been studied C. would studied D. had studied （ ）30.She said that she there for five years . A. has worked B. had worked C. was working D. worked （ ）31.Mrs Brownin New York for three years before she went to London. A. lived B. had lived C. has live

52、d D. will live （ ）32.When we arrived , the dinner. A. already began B. has already begun C. had already begun D. was just begun （ ）33.I will go home for the holiday as soon as I my exams. A. will finish B. finish C. finishing D. finished （ ）34.When, Ill talk to him. A. does Peter come B. Peter will

53、come C. Peter comes D. can Peter come （ ）35.My sisterto see me . Shell be here soon. A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came （ ）36.They said theyour answer the next day . A. had heard B. would hear of C. would hear D. will hear （ ）37.The old man said that lightfaster than sound. A. went B. will go

54、 C. travels D. will travel （ ）38.Oh, dear Xiao Hong . I you in Sheyang. A. dont know , are B. didnt know , were C. didnt know , are D. dont know , have been （ ）39.Is John going away? I think so . He for a better job, but he didnt get it. A. had hoped B. was hoped C. hoping D. had hope （ ）40.I am sure