初中英語各種時態(tài)基本用法_第1頁
初中英語各種時態(tài)基本用法_第2頁
初中英語各種時態(tài)基本用法_第3頁
初中英語各種時態(tài)基本用法_第4頁
初中英語各種時態(tài)基本用法_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩13頁未讀 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

1、初中英語各種時態(tài)基本用法介紹一般現(xiàn)在時的功能1 .表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如: The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。2 .表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。如: I get up at six every day. 我每天六點(diǎn)起床。3 .表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成1 . be 動詞:主語 +be(am,is,are)+ 其它。如:I am a boy.我是一個男孩。2 .行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它)。如:We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù) (he, she,it)時

2、,要在動力司后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese. 瑪麗喜歡漢語。一般現(xiàn)在時的變化1 . be動詞的變化。否定句:主語+ be + not +其它。 如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑問句:Be + 主語 + 其它。如:-Are you a student?-Yes. I am. / No, I'mnot.特殊疑問句:疑問詞 +一般疑問句。如: Where is my bike?2 .行為動詞的變化。否定句:主語 + don't( doesn't ) + 動詞原形(+其它)。

3、如: I don't like bread.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時,要用 doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如: He doesn't often play.一般疑問句:Do( Does ) +主語+動詞原形+其它。如:-Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時,要用 does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如:-Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.特殊疑問句:疑問詞 +一般疑問句。如: How

4、does your father go to work?動詞+s的變化規(guī)則1 . 一般情況下,直接加 -s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks2 .以 s. x. sh. ch. o 結(jié)尾,加-es ,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3 .以 輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加-es,如:study-studies 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作,也可表示當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段 正在進(jìn)行的動作。2 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動詞ing.3 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的否定句在 be后

5、加not。4 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的一般疑問句把be動詞調(diào)到句首。5 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的特殊疑問的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:疑問詞 + be +主語+動詞ing?但疑問詞當(dāng)主語時其結(jié)構(gòu)為:疑問詞+ be +動詞ing?動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1 . 一般情況下,直接加 ing ,如:cook-cooking2 .以不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾, 去 e 力口 ing ,如: make-making, taste-tasting3 .如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母,雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加ing ,如:run-running,stop-stopping一般過去時1. 一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過

6、去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作感謝。2. Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化:主 +were/was +其它成分am 和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)?was。(was not=wasn 't)are 在一般過去時中變?yōu)?were。(were not=weren 't)帶有was或were的句子,其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are 一樣,即否定句在 was或were后加not, 一般疑問句把 was或were調(diào)到句首。3. .句中沒有be動詞的一般過去時的句子主+過去式+其它成分否定句:didn't + 動詞原形,如: Jim didn '

7、t go home yesterday.一般疑問句:在句首加did ,句子中的動詞過去式變回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑問句:疑問詞 +did+主語+動詞原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday?疑問詞當(dāng)主語時:疑問詞 +動詞過去式?如: Who went to home yesterday?動詞過去式變化規(guī)則:1 . 一般在動詞末尾加 -ed ,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked2 .結(jié)尾是 e 力口 d,如:taste-tasted3 .末尾只有一個元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加

8、-ed,如:stop-stopped4 .以 輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,變y為i, 再加-ed ,如:study-studied5 .不規(guī)則動詞過去式:am, is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came,have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode,

9、 speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)精講主+were(was)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它成分一、概念和用法:1)概念:表示過去某時正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動作。2)過去進(jìn)行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景;一個長動作發(fā)生的時候,另一個短動作發(fā)生。3) 常用的時間狀語 this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 例如: We were watching TV from seven to nine las

10、t night. 昨天晚上 七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)的時候我們在看電視。What was he researching all day last Sunday?上周日他一整天都在研究什么?My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我哥哥騎自行車的時候從車上摔下來,受傷了。It was raining when they left the station.他們離開車站的時候天正在下雨。When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 當(dāng)我到達(dá)山頂?shù)臅r候,

11、陽 光燦爛。二、過去進(jìn)行時可以表示在過去某個時間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情。時間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語、副詞或從句來表示。如:What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday?昨天晚上九點(diǎn)她在做什么?(介詞短語表布時間點(diǎn))When I saw him he was decorating his room.當(dāng)我看見他的時候他正在裝飾房間。(when從句表示時間點(diǎn)) 三、在復(fù)合句中,如果主要動作和背景動作都是延續(xù)的或同時發(fā)生的,那么主從句的動詞都可用過去進(jìn)行時。例如:While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a n

12、ewspaper.他邊等車邊看報。(兩個動作都是延續(xù)的)He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦車時我在做飯。(兩個動作同時進(jìn)行)四、 通常不能用于過去進(jìn)行時的動詞主要有:agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate,have(擁有),hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish 等。例如:誤:I was knowing the answer.正:I

13、 knew the answer. 我知道答案。誤:I wasn't understanding him.正:I didn't understand him. 我不明白他的意思。五、典型例題1) Mary a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes答案C.割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用過去時。同 時,when表時間的同時性,"瑪麗 在做衣服時"提供事情發(fā)生的背景,因此用過去進(jìn)行時。2) As she the newspaper, Granny aslee

14、p.read ; was falling B. was reading ; fell C. was reading ; was falling D. read ; fell答案B.句中的as = when, while ,意為"當(dāng)之時"。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時,用過去 進(jìn)行;一個長動作發(fā)生的時候,另一個短動作發(fā)生。句意為"在她看報紙時,奶奶睡著了。"句中的fell (fall的過去時),是系動詞,后跟形容詞,如: fall sick 。般將來時 一。主 +will+v.+ 其它2 . 主+be going to+v.+ 其它3 .主+be +v.ing+

15、 其它,此類常為移位動詞。如:go,come ,leave,arrive,move,leave for,fly( 飛), take off,(起飛)set off,drive 等結(jié)構(gòu)用法精講一、be going to的用法點(diǎn)撥:be going to 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu),它后面要接動詞原形。含有be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中往往有表示將來的時間狀語,如:tomorrow, next week 等。1、用來表示按計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作,有 準(zhǔn)備;打算”的意思。這種主觀意圖,一般已做 過事先安排,故其實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大,其主語常是人。We are going to have a class mee

16、ting this afternoon.今天下午我們打算開班會。(安排)2、表示根據(jù)現(xiàn)有情況、某種跡象,判斷將要或即將發(fā)生的動作。此時不含有主觀意圖,只是表示說話人對客觀事態(tài)發(fā)展的判斷或推測,此時主語可以是人,也可以是物。例如:Look at the black clouds. It's going to rain.看那些烏云,快要下雨了。(推測)I"m not feeling well, I "m going to be ill.我感覺不是很好,可能要生病了。(表示說話人的感覺而已)若表示客觀現(xiàn)象則只能用主+will+v.+其它,如:I will be 18 ye

17、ars old next year.It will be sunny tomorrow.二、be going to 在肯定句中的形式be going to結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動詞be很少用原形,be隨主語人稱和數(shù)的變化而變化,它一般有三種形式,am , is ,are 。而going to固定不變。即:當(dāng)主語是I時用am ;當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時用is;當(dāng)主語是其他人稱時用are。I am going to buy something tomorrow morning.明天早上我要去買些東西。She is going to see Mr. Wang this afternoon.她打算今天下午去看望王先

18、生。三、含be going to 的句子變否定句和一般疑問句的變法由于句子中有助動詞 be,因此be going to的否定句和一般疑問句的構(gòu)成很容易,即在 be(am, is, are)的后面加上not就構(gòu)成了否定句;把 be (am, is, are) 放到句首,在句末加問號就構(gòu)成了一般疑問句,其答語為:Yes,主語 + am/is/are. / No, 主語 + isn't/aren't. / No, I'm not. 不過 I am.在改為一般疑問句時常常改為Are you .?”。例如:They are going to see the car factory

19、 next week.(肯定句)They are not going to see the car factory next week.( 否定句)Are they going to see the car factory next week?Yes, they are. (No, they aren't.)(一般疑問句及其回答 )四、使用be going to 應(yīng)注意的兩點(diǎn)1. There be 句型的 be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)為: There is / are going to be.(注意句型中 going to后面的be不能改為have。)常用來表示將有某事發(fā)生。例如:Th

20、ere is going to be a football match next Saturday in our school.下周六我們學(xué)校將有一場足球比賽。2. come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移動的動詞常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將要發(fā)生的動作,它們很少與be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)連用。例如:Miss Sun is coming tonight.今晚孫小姐要來。They are going to the park next Friday.下星期五他們打算去公園。4. be going to +動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)與表示將來的時間狀語是否連用,在意思上有所差別。如果其后有明確的時

21、間狀語,則表示該動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的可能性較大;反之,則表示一種推測,表示未來可能發(fā)生的事情。例如:There is going to be a film in our school this evening.今晚我們學(xué)校將有一場電影。(一定會發(fā)生)Hurry up! We are going to be late. 快點(diǎn)!我們要遲到了。(僅表示一種推測)現(xiàn)在完成時 的用法 主+have(has)+過去分詞+其它成分1 .現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生活或完成的動作或狀態(tài),但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,也就是說,動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在I have lost my wallet.( 含

22、義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了 .)Jane has laid the table.( 含義是:已可以吃飯了 .)Michael has been ill.( 含義是:現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱)He has returned from abroad.(含義是:現(xiàn)在已在此地)2 .現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況,常與for ,since連用.Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.3 .現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用,如already, yet, just, before, recent

23、ly,lately 等:He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet4 .現(xiàn)在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,如often, some times, ever, never, twice, onseveral occasion 等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bu

24、nny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occasions.5 .現(xiàn)在完成時還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用,如now, up to these fewdays/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present,so far 等:Peter has written

25、 six papers so far.Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.There has bee too much rain in San Francisco this year.The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.Up to the present everything has been successful.6 .現(xiàn)

26、在完成時表示現(xiàn)在之前業(yè)已完成的動作,雖然其效果或影響仍然存在但已不再繼續(xù),但是有一些現(xiàn)在完成時的句子,在后面加上for+一段時間,則現(xiàn)在完成時的動作就表示延續(xù)性.Thomas has studied Russian.(現(xiàn)在不再學(xué)俄語)Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian threeyears ago, and is still studying it now.(同第 2 點(diǎn)用法第一個例句 )7 .現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現(xiàn)在這段時間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動作We have h

27、ad four texts this semester.現(xiàn)在完成時的完成用法”和朱完成用法”1.現(xiàn)在完成時的“完成用法”現(xiàn)在完成時的“完成用法"指的是動作發(fā)生在過去某一時刻并已結(jié)束,但該動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了影響,與現(xiàn)在情況具有因果關(guān)系。例如:He has turned off the light.他已把燈關(guān)了。(動作結(jié)束于過去,但說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況-燈現(xiàn)在不鳧了。)現(xiàn)在完成時"完成用法”的特點(diǎn)是動作不延續(xù),因此,該時態(tài)只能與表示不定的過去時間狀語(如:already , yet, before , recently 等)、頻度時間狀語(如:never , ever, once

28、等)、包括 現(xiàn)在時刻在內(nèi)的時間狀語(如:this morning / month /year., today等)連用。例如:Have you found your pen yet ?你已找到你的鋼筆了嗎?2.現(xiàn)在完成時的"未完成用法"現(xiàn)在完成時的"未完成用法"指的是動作開始于過去某一時刻,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。例如:He has lived here since 1978.自從1978年以來,他一直住在這兒。(動作起始于1978年,一直住到現(xiàn)在,可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。)I have been in the army for more than

29、 5 years.我在部隊已經(jīng)呆了五年多了。(動作開始于5年前,一直延續(xù)至今,有可能還要繼續(xù)下去。)此種用法的句中常需一個表示一段時間的狀語(由since或for引導(dǎo)),或表示與現(xiàn)在時刻相連的時間狀語(如:up to now , so far)等。例如:I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前為止我沒有他的任何消息。注意:(1)現(xiàn)在完成時的未完成用法只適用于延續(xù)性動詞,不可用于終止性動詞,即瞬間完成或延續(xù)時間很短的動詞。如:come , go, arrive , leave , join , become , die 等。(2)現(xiàn)在完成時常見兩種句

30、型:主語+ have / has been + for 短語It is +一段時間+ since從句例如: He has been in the League for three years. 或 It is three years since he joined theLeague.他入團(tuán)已三年了過去完成時態(tài)總體上說它屬于過去”這一時間段內(nèi)發(fā)生的事情,它表達(dá)的是在某個過去動作或時間點(diǎn)之前發(fā)生的動作,簡單地說就是過去的過去”發(fā)生的事情。過去完成時 的構(gòu)成很簡單,即had +動詞的過去分詞。 例如:had done, had gone, had built一、過去完成時的主要用法1、表示在過去動

31、作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。比如說,A事件發(fā)生在一個月前,而B事件發(fā)生兩個月前,那么 B事件比A事件還要早發(fā)生,它就要使用過去完成時。例如:Most of the guest had left when he arrived at the party. (即:客人在他到之前已經(jīng)離開了。)They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. (即:吃飯在先,他們至U達(dá)在后。)注意:在上面兩個例句,雖然表達(dá)時間的連詞不同( when當(dāng)時;before在前),但兩件事發(fā)生的先后順序很明顯。請同學(xué)們不要被when, be

32、fore之類的詞搞混淆了,關(guān)鍵要抓住兩件事情的先后關(guān)系。2、表達(dá)在過去某個確定的時間之前發(fā)生的事或狀態(tài)。例如: How many English films had you seen by the end of last term ?在這個例句中,沒有兩個事件作比較。但是,它有一個明確的時間作參考,即last year明確了告訴我們是 過去"時間,而 by the end of last year說的是在last year之前完成的動作,因此它也是 過去的過去”,可以用過去完成時。請同學(xué)們仔細(xì)閱讀下面的例句,注意時間的先后關(guān)系和動作的先后順序:I had finished writi

33、ng my composition by 10:00 this morning.(今天上午10: 00點(diǎn)以前,我已經(jīng)寫完了我的作文。)She had searched the internet for two hours when she found an ad for the Canon digital camera.(當(dāng)她找到了佳能數(shù)碼照相機(jī)的廣告時,她已經(jīng)在因特網(wǎng)上查詢了兩個小時。)I went over what I had written again and again so that I wouldn't make any mistakes.(我一遍又一遍地檢查了我所寫的內(nèi)

34、容,以至我沒有出現(xiàn)任何錯誤。)The film had already begun when I got to the cinema .(當(dāng)我到電影院時,電影已經(jīng)開始了。)過去完成時還可以表示從過去某一時間開始,持續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)。例如:He had worked in the factory for five years before he moved here .( 在他搬至U這兒以前,他已經(jīng)在那家工廠工作了五年。)I saw Li Ping yesterday . We had not seen each other since I left Beijing .( 我昨天看見

35、李平了。自從我離開北京,我們就沒見過面。)By the time I got there, it had already finished.When she got to the check-out, she realized she had left her purse at home.He said he had never seen Xiao Wang before.Ann had lived in a cottage for sixty years ever since she was born.He arrived at 2 : 30. He had been told to wai

36、t in the VIP lounge .3、在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。She said (that) she had never been to Paris.4、when引導(dǎo)的從句(注:從句謂語動詞為過去式)by短語 by the time引導(dǎo)的從句(注: 從句謂語動詞為過去式)before引導(dǎo)的從句(注:從句謂語動詞為過去式)簡單句、復(fù)合句及并列句1 .簡單句:(1)定義:只有一個主語(或并列主語)和一個謂語(或并列謂語)的句子叫簡單句,如:We learn English .我們學(xué)英語。(一個主語和一個謂語)Both Xiao

37、 Zhang and Xiao Wang are from Beijing .小張和小王都是北京人。(一個并列主語和一個謂語)He once lived and worked here .他曾經(jīng)在這里居住和工作過。(一個主語和一個并列謂語)My father and mother go to work at seven in the morning and come back home at eight inthe evening .我父母早上七點(diǎn)上班,晚上八點(diǎn)回家。(一個并列主語和一個并列謂語)(2)分類:上次我們對簡單句按照句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)分出的5種類型做了闡述;另外,根據(jù)句子的功能或使用目的

38、,簡單句可分四類:陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句。2 .并列句:(1)定義:用并列連接詞連接起來的兩個或兩個以上簡單句叫做并列句。(2)并列句的構(gòu)成:簡單句 +連接詞+簡單句(3)連接并列句常用的連接詞: and , but , or , so , not only but also , however , neither - nor , either or, still 等。eg.I help her and she helps me .我?guī)退龓臀?。He is very old but he is in good health .他年紀(jì)很大了,但他身體很好。We must hurry o

39、r we 'll be late .我們得趕快走,不然就晚了。This girl did her work carefully , so she never made any mistakes .這個姑娘工作認(rèn)真 ,從不出差錯。Jim not only wrote to me last week but also came to see me yesterday .吉姆上星期不但寫信給我,而且昨天還來看過我。Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory .理論沒有實(shí)踐不行,實(shí)

40、踐沒有理論也不行。Either he is to blame or I am . 不是他該受責(zé)備,就是我該受責(zé)備。注意:連接詞so除起連接并列句作用外,兼有結(jié)果意味;有時so在后一句中代替前一句中某一句中成分。例如:He can swim , so can I .他會游泳,我也會。(so 代替 swim )Iron is a kind of matter , so are water and air .鐵是一種物質(zhì),水和空氣也是物質(zhì)。(so在后一句中起表語作用)3 .主從復(fù)合句(1)定義:主從復(fù)合句是由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的。主句是句子的主體,從句可視作句子的一個成分。從句在主從

41、復(fù)合句中可起主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語作用。從句在全句中起什么作用,就叫什么從句。(2)狀語從句:狀語從句在句中起狀語作用,修飾主句中的謂語動詞、形容詞或副詞。在初中階段我們主要學(xué)習(xí)了以下幾種狀語從句:時間狀語從句:常見引導(dǎo)詞:when (當(dāng)時),as (一邊一邊,當(dāng)時),while(在過程中),before (在以前),after (在之后),since (自從以來),till(until)(直至U,直至U 才),as soon as (就)等。進(jìn)入高中階段之后,我們還會再見到另外一些常用的連接詞。在由以上連接詞或詞組連接的主從復(fù)合句中,主句謂語動詞所表示的動作和從句謂語動詞所表示的動作有

42、時是同時發(fā)生、有時是先后發(fā)生。因此,在理解和運(yùn)用帶時間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句時,要根據(jù)連接詞所表示的不同時間意義, 特別注意主句和從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)。這是掌握時間狀語從句的關(guān)鍵。原因狀語從句:常由 because (因為),since (既然),as (由于)等連接詞引導(dǎo)。eg.He didn 't hear the knocking at the door because he was listening to the radio .他沒聽見敲門聲,因為他正在聽收音機(jī)。Since you are free today , you had better help me with my

43、English .既然你今天休H、,你最好幫我學(xué)習(xí)英語。As the day was fine , they decided to go on a trip .由于天氣好,他們決定作一次短途旅行。地點(diǎn)狀語從句:常由 where (在地方),wherever (無論在哪兒)等連接詞引導(dǎo)。如:ll go where work conditions are difficult .我愿意到工作條件困難的地方去。Wherever you are , you should work for the people heart and soul .無論你在哪里工作,你都應(yīng)該全心全意為人民服務(wù)。 條件狀語從句:

44、常由if (假如,如果),unless (除非)等連接詞或連接詞組引導(dǎo)。如:If I go to the Great Wall tomorrow , would you like to come along ?如果明天我去長城,你會和我一起去嗎?He is sure to come unless he has some urgent work to do at home .除非他家里有急事要辦,不然他一定會來的。 比較或方式狀語從句:常由 asas (像一樣),than (比),thethe (越就越),as (正如),as if (似乎,好象)等引導(dǎo)。如:I know you better

45、than she does .我比她更了 解你。The more you practice , the more knowledge you will get .你實(shí)踐得越多,你得至U 的知識就越多。You should study English as hard as Mary does .你應(yīng)該像瑪麗那樣努力學(xué)習(xí)英語。The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man .這位老人跑得很快,簡單像個年輕人。(在以as if連接的從句中,謂語動詞用過去式,系動詞 were可用于所有人稱,表示虛擬 語氣,而不是真實(shí)情況。) 目的狀語從句:常由

46、 so (使得),that (以便),so that (為了,使得),in order that (這樣就) 等來弓I導(dǎo)。 如:They set out early that they might arrive at the station in time . 他們很早出發(fā),以便及時趕到車站。She takes notes carefully in class so that she may use them when she reviews her lessonsafter class .她在課上認(rèn)真記筆記,以便能在課下利用它們復(fù)習(xí)功課。結(jié)果狀語從句:常由 so (結(jié)果),so that (

47、結(jié)果),sothat (suchthat)(如此以致)等連接詞引導(dǎo)。如:Everybody lent a hand , so the work was done in time . 人人幫忙,結(jié)果工作及時完成。He finished his homework so well that his teacher praised him in class .他作業(yè)完成得很好,結(jié)果他的老師在班上表揚(yáng)了他。The film was so interesting that I enjoyed it very much .這部電影這么有趣(以致于)我非常喜歡它。It is such a heavy box

48、that nobody can move it away .這是個很重的箱子, 誰也搬不走。讓步狀語從句:常由 though a although )(雖然但),even if (即使),however(不管怎樣),whatever (無論什么),no matter how (who)(不管多么 )(無論誰 )等連接詞或連接詞組引導(dǎo)。如:He went to school , though he was ill .雖然他病了,但還是去上學(xué)了。(注意:有(al) though的句子,就有 雖但是”的含義,不能在主句中用but,但可接yet, still等。)She carried on the

49、job even if she had a bad cold .即使她患了重感冒,她還是堅持工作。However much I tried , I failed to work out the maths problem .無論我怎么做,都算不出這道數(shù)學(xué)題來。Whatever you say , I will not change my mind .不論你怎么說,我都不會改變主意。He keeps taking physical training in winter no matter how cold it is .不論天氣多冷,他都堅持在冬天進(jìn)行體育鍛煉。No matter who ask

50、s her for help , she is ready to help .無論誰請她幫忙,她都愿意幫助。33)定語從句:在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞,定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有who , whom , whose , which , that 等。這些是我們在初中已學(xué)習(xí)過的,對于它們的用法已經(jīng)在以前的講解中多次提到過,主要掌握它們指代人還是物,在句 中可以充當(dāng)什么成分。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有where , when , why 等,這些是高中要學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容,在后面的講解中我們會滲透其用法及定語從句其他內(nèi)容。(4)

51、名詞性從句:賓語從句引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有:連接詞that , whether , if ;疑問代詞 who , what , which , whose疑問副詞 when , where , how , why 等。if和whether的區(qū)另1J .(1) if和whether都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句,常常可以互換,表示 是否"。如:I don't know whether ( =if) I should tell him.我不知道是否應(yīng)該告訴他。(2)但兩者也有微妙的差別,請注意 whether可與or not連用,而if不可以在句首時用 whether ,而不用if;在介,

52、后用 whether ,而不用if;表示 如果”時用if,而不用whether。 如:I don't know whether he will come or not.我不知道他是否會來。Whether you take part in or not the result will be the same.你參不參加結(jié)果都是一樣的。It depends on whether he can solve the problem.那取決于他能否解決這個問題。He can 't decide whether to visit her or not.他決定不出是否去看她。Whether he will come is still a quest

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論