定語從句語法例句全解

1、實用文案定語從句一、概述在復合句( 有主句有從句的句子)中，修飾某一名詞或代詞，用作定語的從句叫做定語從句 (attributive clause)。關系代詞Themanwholivesnext to ussells vegetables.先行詞定語從句被定語從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞(antecedent)。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。關系代詞和關系副詞的作用：連接作用 指代先行詞在句子中充當一定成分引導定語從句的關聯(lián)詞有:關系代詞who、 whom、 whose、which 、that、 as關系副詞when、 where、 why關系代詞作主語指人 whothat不可省指物whichtha

2、t關系代詞作賓語whom指人thatwho (口語 )可省指物whichthat關系代詞作定語Whose指人指物A plane is a machine（ that 、which ）can fly. 飛機是會飛的機器。 （引導詞 that 、 which 在句中作主語）The foreigner（ who 、 that ） vis it ed our class yesterday is from Canada.昨天到我標準實用文案班來訪的外國人來自加拿大。（引導詞who、 that在句中作主語）They planted the trees（ which 、 that ） didn't

3、 need much water.他們種植了需水不多的樹木。（引導詞which 、 that在句中作主語）The noodles (that、 which 、 ) I cooked were delicious.我煮的面條美味可口。 （引導詞 that 、 which 可省略 作賓語）The fish (which、that 、 ) we bought were not fresh.我們買的魚不新鮮。 （引導詞作賓語）The girl（ that、 whom、 who 口語、）we saw yesterday was Jim s sister.我們昨天看到的女孩是吉姆的姐姐。（引導詞作賓語）特

4、殊請況：人+介詞 +whom不可省，不可用that物+介詞 +whichThe person to (whom) you just talked is Mr.Li.剛才你與其交談的人是李先生。（引導詞 whom，不可省略）The person t (whom、 that 、who、 ) you just talked to is Mr.Li.The knife with which we cut the bread is sharp.我們用來切面包用的刀子很鋒利。The knife（ which 、 that 、） we cut the bread with is sharp.指人Whom t

5、hat who(口語 )+介詞（可?。┲肝飛hich that題：She was educated at Beijinguniversity,_she went on tohave her advanced studyabroad.A.after whichB. from whichC.from thatD.after that做題技巧：把現(xiàn)行詞帶到定語從句中變成一完整合理的句子，答案就出來了。Whose+n 物 =t he +n+of whichOf which +the +n人 = the +n+of whom Of whom +the +nThe roomwhose windows fa

6、ce south is mine.the windows of which face south is mine.標準實用文案of which the windows face south is mine.He is a teacherwhose name is Tom.the name of whom is Tomof whom the name is Tom.只用 that ，不用 which 的情況（先行詞指物除5、6條）當先行詞是不定代詞或被它們修飾時。all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little等不定代詞時（ someth

7、ing之后也可用 which ）。All that glitters is not gold.閃光的不光是金子。Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么要我做的事嗎 ?He answered few questions that the teacher asked.他幾乎沒有回答老師的那些問題。當先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時; 或現(xiàn)行詞本身就是形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞時。This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store.這是這家書店售出的最有趣

8、的書之一。The first thing that should be done is to get some food.該做的第一件事是弄點吃的。當先行詞有 the very ， the only， the right等修飾時。That s the only thing that we can do now.目前我們只能這樣了。Those are the veryright words that he used.那就是他的原話。This is the best that I have.這是我所擁有的最好的。當先行詞是一個既指人又指物的并列詞組時。They were talking about

9、 the persons and things that they saw in the factory.他們在談論在工廠里看到的人和事。They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他們聊起他們所能記得起的學校里的人和事來，聊了約半個鐘頭。當關系代詞在定語從句中作表語時。China is not the country that it was.中國已經(jīng)不是過去的中國了。He is not the boy that he used to be.他已經(jīng)不再是

10、以前的那個男孩了。當要避免與疑問詞which ，who 重復時。Which is the car that was made in Beijing?哪輛車是北京制造的?Who is the man that is standing by the door?站在門口的那個人是誰?在 there be句型中，先行詞為物時用thatThere is a book on the desk that Im very interested in.桌子上放著一本我感興趣的書。（若指人用who eg. There is lived a king in the castle who was very wise.

11、）標準實用文案 This is the first time thatThere be不定代詞序數(shù)詞，The very ,the only, the right;即有人又有物，作表語 which who.（3）用 which ，不用 that的情況（先行詞指物）引導非限制性定語從句。(which在限制性定語從句中可以指代一個或一些物，在非限制性定語從句中即可指主句一部分也可指代整個主句。)Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一項有趣的運動。Carol said the wo

12、rk would be done by October, which personally I doubt very much.卡羅爾說這項工作將在十月前做，對此我個人表示懷疑。Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which ,of course, madethe others unhappy.桃樂茜總是吹噓她在戲劇中的角色，這當然使別人不高興。直接放在介詞后作賓語時。Language isthe most importanttoolwithoutwhich people can'tcommunicat

13、e with eachother.語言是最重要的工具，沒有它，人們便無法交流。先行詞本身是that或 those 時。ThatThose which you told him about is are what I want to know.你告訴他的事情也是我想知道的。( 注意：若those 指人要用whoeg.Those who are for me, put up your hands.同意我的人請舉手。)the samethat同一物as同類eg. Thisisthe same bikethat I lostyesterday。 . 這是我昨天丟的那輛自行車。as Ilostyeste

14、rday.這輛自行車和我昨天對的那輛一樣。Way作狀語in which that_作主語、賓語whichthat_I don t like the way (in which that_)he speaks to me.(狀語 )This is the way(that which)really works. (主語 )I did it in the way（ thatwhich_） he told me.(賓語 )標準實用文案題：I,_your friend,will try my best to help you.A. that is B.which amC.who isD.who am注

15、意：關系代詞在從句中作主語是，從句中謂語的人稱和數(shù)必須和先行詞保持一致。That is one of those books that are worth reading.That is the (only) one of those books that is worth reading.As :1 ）引導限制性定語從句：作關系代詞可指人，物；可作主，賓，表語；常譯成“正如”構(gòu)成固定搭配：the same.as; suchas; soas; as.as(as不可省 )I should like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.我想用你昨天

16、使用的那種工具。 ( 作賓語 )Dont read such books as are not worth reading.Read such books as you can understand.不要讀那些不值得讀的書，只去讀那些你能讀懂的書就可以了。Repeat this as often as is necessary.根據(jù)需要反復這樣做。( 作主語 )I gave him as much as he could eat.他能吃多少，我就給了他多少。( 作賓語 )It is so big a stoneas no one can lift.(定語從句 ) 這是沒人能舉起的一塊大石頭。t

17、hat no one can lift it.(結(jié)果狀語從句) 這是如此大的一塊石頭以至于沒人能舉起它。He is such an honest man that we respect him.他是一個如此誠實的人以至于我們都尊敬他（“如此 以致 ” ，引導結(jié)果狀語從句）He is such an honest man as we respect.他是我們所尊敬的這種誠實的人。（suchas “像 這樣的 ”，引導定語從句）引導非限制性定語從句1 ）可放句首、中、末; 常指代整個主句（which 只能放在主句后）He is a good student, as we all know.(whi

18、ch語法合但不能用)As we all know, he is a good student.He, as we all know, is a good student.2）as 有“正如， 就像” 之意，表符合人們的認識事情的發(fā)展的，所以主從句語義往往一致，標準實用文案若不一致，用 whichThey remarried ,as we had expected.which we hadn t expected.固定搭配：As we all know=as is known to all眾所周知As is expected正如所料As I rememberunderstand正如我所記得的、明

19、白的那樣As is reportedsaidannounced in the newspaper正如報道的那樣As he often was正如經(jīng)常那樣As is usual正如往常那樣As is clear正如很清楚的那樣As is clear, he is right.關系副詞先行詞為時間在從句中作狀語時when= 適當介詞（ in 、 on 、 at. ） +which地點where=whichReasonwhy=for whichJuly and August are the months when the weather is hot.七八月是天氣很熱的月份。=in whichThi

20、s is the house where we lived last year.=in whichThis is the reason why he did so.這就是他這樣做了的理由。= for which當 point 、stage 、 spot 、case、situation等作先行詞表抽象地點時，常用where 引導定語從句。Can you think out a situation where this word can be used?Her illness has developed to the point where nobody can cure her.并非先行詞是時間

21、地點reason 時都用關系副詞當時間which地點在從句中作主、賓時用thatReason省去This is the factory that/which we visited last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的那家工廠。標準實用文案I won't forget the time that which-we spent in the countryside.我永遠不會忘記我在農(nóng)村度過的那段時光This is the reason thatwhich-give me.選關系代詞還是關系副詞？從句中缺住、賓、表、定時用關系代詞從句是完整句子缺狀語（時、地、原因）時用關系副詞。介詞 +

22、which+ 不定式。 此種用法多見于正式文體中， 相當于一個帶有主語和謂語的定語從句。 She had only 1.87 with which to buy(=she could buy)Jim, her husband, a present. 她只有一元八角七分錢，用這些錢給他的丈夫吉姆買一件禮物。At last he had something about which to write (=he could write) home.他終于有給家寫信的內(nèi)容了。當先行詞為the way, the time, the period等時，關系代詞常用that ，但通常被省略。I don't like the way(that)you speak to her.我不喜歡你對她說話的方式。_ who have questions to ask, raise your hands.A. AnyoneB.ThoseC. SomeoneD. HeI have finishe