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1、中考英語寫作指導(dǎo)目前中考英語作文是一種“半開放性的命題作文”,概括起來,它含有四個(gè)方面的要求:內(nèi)容、語言和形式及自己的觀點(diǎn)。內(nèi)容是按照題目的要求和指令去寫,不得遺漏任何一個(gè)要求;不能隨意發(fā)揮去寫一些與主題無關(guān)的話。語言的要求是正確、恰當(dāng)、清楚、連貫,要有至少兩個(gè)復(fù)雜句。在形式上首先要體裁格式正確,單詞的大小寫正確、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)正確以及詞數(shù)在100個(gè)詞左右。自己的觀點(diǎn)要符合題目要求,要與考生學(xué)習(xí)和生活實(shí)際相符。中考英語作文是考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用英語能力的一種重要形式,中考英語作文在中考英語試卷中占據(jù)15分,在中考英語中起著舉足輕重的作用。作文質(zhì)量的好與差,得分懸殊很大,將對(duì)考生中考總成績(jī)帶來很大影響。
2、寫作2步思路、再加3步驟【思路】:審好題仔細(xì)審查所給的內(nèi)容提示(包括文字和圖表等),明確要求寫的內(nèi)容,確定文章的體裁、人稱、時(shí)態(tài)等,理順?biāo)悸?,確定主旨??匆c(diǎn),寫片段對(duì)于易于表達(dá)的內(nèi)容,一次成句;對(duì)于一時(shí)難于表達(dá)的內(nèi)容,寫出詞組。此時(shí),既注意不遺漏內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),也不要隨意添加任何內(nèi)容。【步驟】:定句型,連詞成句這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)是成文的關(guān)鍵,一定要注意做到:(1)選用比較有把握的詞匯,用恰當(dāng)?shù)木湫蛯懗龃_切反映內(nèi)容要求的句子。在熟悉的基礎(chǔ)上,鼓勵(lì)多用高級(jí)詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的復(fù)雜句。如表達(dá)“為了”時(shí),可用in order to do 或 so as to do.也可用so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。(2)寫出的句子
3、要達(dá)意,完整,語法正確,合乎習(xí)慣,特別是句式、謂語動(dòng)詞形式要有根有據(jù)。(3)表達(dá)限定的內(nèi)容有困難時(shí),就要想到“All roads lead to Rome.”(條條大路通羅馬)這句話,用變通的方法,以達(dá)到“曲徑通幽”。如要譯“他表哥外強(qiáng)中干”這樣一句話,表達(dá)起來似乎很難,但我們完全可以通過學(xué)過的東西將這句話明白貼切地表達(dá)出來:His cousin looks strong but in fact, he is rather weak.(4)盡量避免使用漢語式的英語。例如要表達(dá)“她睡得很遲”,不可寫成:She slept very late.應(yīng)該寫成:She went to bed very l
4、ate.因?yàn)椤皊leep late”表示“睡懶覺”。又如要表達(dá)“他一點(diǎn)都不擔(dān)心他的英語”,不可寫成:He is not a little worried about his English.實(shí)際上意思完全相反,表達(dá)成“他非常擔(dān)心他的英語”了。應(yīng)該是:He is not a bit worried about his English. 或:He is not worried about his English at all.連詞成句,添減相宜單句寫出后,根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容要求,確定先寫什么,后寫什么,按照表述內(nèi)容的情節(jié)發(fā)展和實(shí)際需要,重新排列組合已寫成的句子,劃分必要的段落,一般分成三段。即:文章的
5、開頭(Introduction)、文章的主體(Main body)和文章的結(jié)尾(Conclusion).這樣寫成文章的初稿。在連詞成句的過程中,還要注意以下幾點(diǎn):(1)句子或段落間的連接不僅僅是個(gè)語言問題,也是個(gè)邏輯思維方面的問題,這兩者是不能分開的。能注意到這一點(diǎn),你的文章就能達(dá)到條理清楚、層次分明的境界。(2)為了使句子或段落語義連貫,表達(dá)合理準(zhǔn)確,可以適當(dāng)加入一些連接詞語。如表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折可用but, however, otherwise等,表達(dá)遞進(jìn)可用and, also, besides, Whats more等,表達(dá)因果so, therefore, as a result等,表達(dá)對(duì)比可用a
6、t the same time, mean while,while等,表達(dá)讓步可用though, although, even if等。有時(shí)還需要加入一些必要的過渡句子以達(dá)到承上啟下的效果。(3)仔細(xì)推敲在文章的哪些地方可用復(fù)雜句。切忌生搬硬套,給人一種為了用復(fù)雜句而用復(fù)雜句的感覺。要用得自然、得體。要順應(yīng)行文的需要,與整個(gè)文章渾然一體。盡量使用我們熟悉的賓語從句、狀語從句和定語從句。檢查,修改,定稿,謄寫檢查修改是進(jìn)一步減少疏漏提高質(zhì)量的最后程序,這時(shí)要對(duì)照題目要求,認(rèn)真檢查以下幾點(diǎn):(1)內(nèi)容有無遺漏或誤詞,最好一一對(duì)應(yīng)檢查。(2)體裁格式對(duì)不對(duì)。(3)句子是否有語法結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤,特別要檢查句
7、子中的冠詞、代詞、名詞復(fù)數(shù)、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致等方面是否有錯(cuò)誤。(4)句子是否合乎英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣,是否達(dá)意。(5)書寫字跡和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是否規(guī)范清晰,詞數(shù)是否基本上符合要求。經(jīng)過認(rèn)真修改潤(rùn)色的短文,即可認(rèn)真工整地謄寫在指定的卷面上。抄好后再速讀一遍,力求完美。 經(jīng)典題例原題介紹目前,揚(yáng)州正在創(chuàng)建(create)全國文明城市(National Civilization City)。作為一個(gè)中學(xué)生,我們?cè)趯W(xué)校、在家里、在公共場(chǎng)合等等應(yīng)該做到哪些才能稱得上是一個(gè)文明的(civilized)人呢?我們又如何為這個(gè)活動(dòng)作貢獻(xiàn)(make contribution to)呢?請(qǐng)你就此寫一篇100字左右的短
8、文。Nowadays,_解題步驟第一步:認(rèn)真審題,明確寫作體裁、提示要點(diǎn)、文章的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和詞數(shù)。分析:這篇作文的體裁是倡議書。文章主要有5大提示要點(diǎn),考生可以用筆將這些要點(diǎn)圈出來。1.揚(yáng)州正在創(chuàng)建全國文明城市。2.作為一個(gè)中學(xué)生在學(xué)校怎么做才能稱得上是一個(gè)文明的人?3.作為一個(gè)中學(xué)生在家怎么做?4.作為一個(gè)中學(xué)生在公共場(chǎng)所怎么做?5.我們又如何為這個(gè)活動(dòng)作貢獻(xiàn)呢?這篇文章時(shí)態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。人稱用第一人稱。詞數(shù)100個(gè)左右。第二步:分析提示要點(diǎn),用簡(jiǎn)明的英語寫出要點(diǎn)。分析:五大提示要點(diǎn)只有第一要點(diǎn)是限定的,考生可以直接翻譯。其余四大要點(diǎn)都是半限定的、半開放性的??忌枰鶕?jù)文章主題的需要聯(lián)
9、系實(shí)際生活進(jìn)行適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。不同的考生會(huì)有不同的答案。這部分既是寫作的重點(diǎn)也是難點(diǎn)??忌捎煤?jiǎn)明的英語寫出要點(diǎn)。如:At school: keep the classroom clean and tidy. At home: help parents do some housework. In public places: obey the traffic rules dont make too much noise. make a contribution to this event: give out leaf lets to make people understand the import
10、ance of this activity.第三步:列出寫作提綱,并將要點(diǎn)擴(kuò)展成句。開頭(Introduction):Yang zhou is creating a National Civilization City. As middle school students, we should try our best to become civilized persons.正文(Main body):At school, we should keep our classroom clean and tidy every day. We shouldnt throw about rubbish
11、.At home, we should help our parents do some housework.In public places, we shouldnt make much noise in public places. We mustnt cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.We can make a contribution to this event by giving out leaflets to the citizens to make them understand the importance o
12、f this event and take part in it.結(jié)尾 (conclusion):I am sure Yangzhou will become a National Civilization City soon.第四步:組句成文。分析:根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和要求,可以適當(dāng)調(diào)整以上句子的先后順序。為了使文章連貫自然,表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確,適當(dāng)加一些表達(dá)并列、遞進(jìn)、因果、轉(zhuǎn)折等關(guān)系的連詞,然后組成文章,這時(shí)如果發(fā)現(xiàn)文章詞數(shù)不夠,可把短語變成句子,也可增添一些與表達(dá)內(nèi)容有關(guān)的短語或句子。如:表達(dá)“在家”,不用“at home”.而用“When we are at home.”如果發(fā)現(xiàn)文章詞數(shù)超過要求,可
13、以將句子變成短語或兩句并一句。第五步:計(jì)劃時(shí)間,認(rèn)真檢查、修改。分析:中考英語作文一般要求在20分鐘內(nèi)完成。因此,考試時(shí)間有限,必須合理安排。成文后必須認(rèn)真檢查修改。特別注意以下幾點(diǎn):1.內(nèi)容是否符合要求,要點(diǎn)有無遺漏或誤解。2句子是否符合英語習(xí)慣,句型是否正確。3.是否有語法錯(cuò)誤。特別是冠詞、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)、代詞、主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)等方面。4是否有拼寫錯(cuò)誤。5書寫是否有不清楚或不易辨認(rèn)之處。6.大小寫和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是否使用得當(dāng)。7詞數(shù)是否符合要求。第六步:認(rèn)真謄寫。分析:注意書寫清楚、規(guī)范,卷面整潔。中考20分作文,有兩分卷面整潔分。下面是修改過的作文:Yangzhou is creating a
14、 National Civilization City. As middle school students, we should try our best to become civilized persons.First, when we are at school, we should keep our classroom clean and tidy. And we shouldnt throw about rubbish. Second, we should help our parents do some housework at home. Third, we shouldnt
15、make much noise in public places. Besides, we mustnt cross the road until the traffic lights turn green. Whats more, we can give out leaflets to the citizens in order to make them understand the importance of this event and take part in it.If everyone makes a contribution to this event, Yangzhou wil
16、l become a National Civilization City soon.中考英語完形填空指導(dǎo)完形填空是一種測(cè)試考生綜合運(yùn)用英語語言知識(shí)能力的一種題型,它集閱讀理解能力與語言應(yīng)用能力考查于一體,考查考生在閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)上,在一定語言情景下靈活運(yùn)用詞匯的能力。它首先要求考生具備較強(qiáng)的閱讀能力,具備能根據(jù)短文所給線索,捕捉相關(guān)信息,進(jìn)行分析判斷、邏輯推理的能力,它還要求考生能熟練運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞匯、語法、習(xí)慣用語及交際用語等語言知識(shí)進(jìn)行填詞,考查了使用語言的準(zhǔn)確性。由于完形填空屬于有障礙性的閱讀,考生對(duì)閱讀這些含有空缺單詞的短文沒有把握、困難較大,所以往往望題生畏。因而完形填空歷來是中考中考生
17、失分率較高的題型。只有通過平時(shí)多讀多練,不斷拓寬知識(shí)面,進(jìn)一步了解英美風(fēng)土人情等有關(guān)文化背景知識(shí),熟練掌握英語習(xí)慣用語的表達(dá)等,才能為正確完成完形填空試題提供前提保障。 完形填空試題的一般解題思路:1.跳過空格、通讀短文、了解大意。解題時(shí)先跳過空格,通讀完形填空的短文,了解全篇的內(nèi)容和要旨。要重視首句,善于以首句的時(shí)態(tài)、語氣為立足點(diǎn),理清文脈,推測(cè)全文主題及大意。2.復(fù)讀短文、確定語義、判斷詞形。把握短文大意后再認(rèn)真復(fù)讀短文,利用上下文的語境,結(jié)合所學(xué)過的知識(shí),先確定空格處所需詞語的意義,再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置,判斷其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?,從而確定所填詞的詞性,再依據(jù)詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則,判斷所填
18、的詞的正確形式。3.三讀短文、上下參照、驗(yàn)證答案。在短文的每一空白處填上一個(gè)詞后,將完成的短文再細(xì)讀一遍,上下參照,連貫思考。把所填的答案放入短文中進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),可從上、下文內(nèi)容是否協(xié)調(diào)一致、順理成章,語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確無誤等進(jìn)行綜合驗(yàn)證,凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。 做完形填空題先從以下三方面入手:1.首先要以很快的速度瀏覽全文,掌握文章的主旨,不要急于看選項(xiàng)。瀏覽全文時(shí)要重點(diǎn)了解文中所敘述的人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件,即who,when,where,what。完形填空命題的原則一般是第一句話不挖空,目的是使讀者進(jìn)入語境,因此一定要認(rèn)真閱讀這句話。例如:Why is a space left betwe
19、en the rails of a railway line where one piece joins the next?這句話從鐵軌之間的縫隙引出了問題。根據(jù)常識(shí),文中內(nèi)容應(yīng)與熱漲冷縮的物理現(xiàn)象有關(guān)。2.根據(jù)故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展選詞,確定所填的詞與文中哪個(gè)詞有關(guān)系以及動(dòng)作是在什么場(chǎng)合發(fā)生的。3.試填之后將所選定的詞放到文章中復(fù)讀檢查。(“字面譯、通邏輯、搞代入、全文譯”) 具體操作中應(yīng)注意的問題1.看清上下文,找準(zhǔn)定位詞充分利用文章的上下文和前后句,找到對(duì)選擇有提示作用的詞或句。這些詞有時(shí)可能是同義詞或反義詞。例如:1) Some parts of the water are very shal
20、low. But in some places it is very.A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but的提示,所填入的詞應(yīng)與shallow相反,因此答案為A。2) Mrs ONeill askedquestions and she didnt scold us either.A. no B. certain C. many D. moreand是一個(gè)并列連詞;either為副詞,用在否定句或否定詞后加強(qiáng)語勢(shì),由此可以確定所填的詞也應(yīng)是一個(gè)否定意義的詞,因此答案是A。2.通順邏輯,尋求搭配注意固定的搭配,包括動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配、動(dòng)詞與名詞的
21、搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等,同時(shí)要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的短語。例如:Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himselfso much money.A. for B. by C. to D. of表示“自取,隨便拿”這個(gè)意義的短語是help oneself to?故答案為C。3.扎實(shí)基礎(chǔ),搞清辨異Soon I heard alike that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet.A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout選項(xiàng)中的四個(gè)詞都表示不同的聲音,
22、但B,C,D項(xiàng)的三個(gè)詞都是指從嗓子里發(fā)出的聲音,而sound則表示各種各樣的聲音。因此答案是A。4.看清執(zhí)行者,確定所選詞And video cameras can be used topeoples actions at home.A. keep B. make C. record D. watch句中動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是video cameras?因此答案是C,意思是“記錄”。5.尋求上下邏輯,從容確定關(guān)系It has been many years since I was last in London?I still remember something that happened durin
23、g that visit.A. and B. for C. but D. as根據(jù)句前的many years和句后的still remember答案應(yīng)選表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but.6.了解生活常識(shí),確定相關(guān)知識(shí)(Immediately?)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital.A. animal B. biggestC. plant D. nearest在這樣的緊急情況下,人們的第一個(gè)反應(yīng)是到最近的醫(yī)院就醫(yī),因此答案為D。1.語義完整、適用是做好填詞的前提,要從全文的內(nèi)容出發(fā),前后上下聯(lián)系起來考慮,避免只見樹木不見森
24、林的錯(cuò)誤。2.要善于從文中同樣結(jié)構(gòu)或類似結(jié)構(gòu)中尋找線索,從中得到提示和啟發(fā),幫助確定應(yīng)填詞的詞性和詞形,這樣可避免想當(dāng)然地隨意亂填。3.填詞時(shí)應(yīng)注意詞形,不可簡(jiǎn)單地都填原形詞。若空格內(nèi)填的是名詞,要考慮其單復(fù)數(shù)形式;若填的是形容詞或副詞,則要考慮其是否屬于比較等級(jí);如若填的是動(dòng)詞,則要特別注意考慮其時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。如在句首,還要考慮其首字母的大寫。4.有些空格需要填入介詞、連詞等結(jié)構(gòu)詞,除考慮上下文的內(nèi)容外,還要考慮和其他詞的固定搭配及其慣用法結(jié)構(gòu)。5.選詞填空題和限詞填空題一般只有一個(gè)答案,自由填空題雖然可能允許有多個(gè)正確答案,但只能選擇其中一種填入,因?yàn)橥晷翁羁疹}每個(gè)空格只準(zhǔn)填寫一個(gè)單詞,多填
25、反而出錯(cuò)。中考英語閱讀理解指導(dǎo)閱讀理解是英語考試必考題型,主要用于檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生英語的綜合水平和解題能力的高低。每年中考英語試卷中有4篇閱讀理解文章,內(nèi)容包括社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)新聞、科普史地、應(yīng)用說明、生活故事、名人軼事等。試題形式為選擇題或根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容書面回答問題。那么,到底如何在復(fù)習(xí)中提高閱讀效率,并正確解題呢?1、鞏固、擴(kuò)大并活用詞匯(包括詞組、短語和構(gòu)詞法),夯實(shí)語法知識(shí)。隨著社會(huì)要求和教學(xué)要求的提高,生詞和結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)句、難句在短文中和題目中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)、沒有過關(guān)的語言知識(shí),學(xué)生很難領(lǐng)會(huì)文章,審清題意。因此,扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、善于處理詞匯、牢固掌握教學(xué)考綱中要求的各個(gè)語法項(xiàng)目、通過分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)辨別意群
26、及正確理解結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)句均是做好閱讀理解的要素。2、弄清原文、題干、正確答案項(xiàng)和干擾項(xiàng)之間的關(guān)系,切實(shí)提高實(shí)際解決問題的能力。正確處理原文、題干、正確答案項(xiàng)和干擾項(xiàng)之間的關(guān)系,能使自己的思路和文章作者思路相一致,才能較容易地把握文章的主旨大意、結(jié)構(gòu)脈絡(luò)、作者的語氣態(tài)度,人物的性格特征、事情的來龍去脈,使順利解題水到渠成。3、注意積累生活素材及英語國家的文化背景、人情風(fēng)俗、生活方式知識(shí)。當(dāng)前的閱讀理解選材越來越注重現(xiàn)代化、多樣化、知識(shí)化和生活化,內(nèi)容貼近生活,蘊(yùn)涵著豐富的世界各國文化背景知識(shí),具有強(qiáng)烈的時(shí)代感和交際性,常常從不同側(cè)面反映了現(xiàn)前人們的思想意識(shí)、生活情趣和對(duì)人、對(duì)自然的態(tài)度及與世界的
27、交流,就體裁而言,也涉及到記敘文、應(yīng)用文、說明文等多種文體。只有通過大量閱讀不同題材和體裁的短文,才能不斷增強(qiáng)快速捕捉、掌握信息的準(zhǔn)確度,也能提高面對(duì)較長(zhǎng)篇幅閱讀材料的心理承受能力。4、重視培養(yǎng)正確的閱讀習(xí)慣,加強(qiáng)鍛煉跳讀、略讀、掃讀等閱讀技巧。比較好的閱讀理解方法是:初讀文章看題目查讀文章找依據(jù)初定答案三看文章找細(xì)節(jié)推敲答案四讀文章終定答案,其中綜合了略讀、跳讀和查讀等閱讀技巧。在第一遍閱讀時(shí),可用略讀或跳讀的方式閱讀全文,不必注意細(xì)節(jié)或具體事實(shí),只求對(duì)文章有一個(gè)總體印象,了解中心思想和作者的基本觀點(diǎn),記住文中的信息方位。接著,瀏覽題目再讀文章,可以帶著題目有的放矢地在文中圈圈劃劃、做標(biāo)記,
28、查找解答題目的依據(jù),避免毫無目的地通讀文章,許多局部性題目都可以通過原文中的一兩句話直接找到答案。第三、第四次閱讀主要是定度答案。5、若是做問答題時(shí),先須把握全文整體意思,弄清文中的人物、發(fā)生的事件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、前后邏輯關(guān)系及過程,然后再落筆定答案,有些文章的最后一題是開放性題目,只要言之有理,都能得分。此外,在書寫答案時(shí),還要注意題目要求的限制(如:最多不超過5個(gè)詞),也須正確書寫單詞的大小寫、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、動(dòng)詞的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)等。中考英語動(dòng)詞填空題指導(dǎo) “動(dòng)詞填空”是中考英語測(cè)試中的一種傳統(tǒng)題型,主要用來測(cè)試考生對(duì)動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞形式的掌握情況。這里的“動(dòng)詞填空”不僅僅指
29、謂語動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài),還包括動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing和分詞等形式,而且還涉及到主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)及主謂一致等知識(shí)。因此,掌握好動(dòng)詞的各種形式及其用法是做此類題的關(guān)鍵。那么,怎樣才能做好此類題呢?我們可以從以下幾方面著手: 一、確定正確的時(shí)態(tài) 時(shí)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞填空的重點(diǎn),在解題時(shí)必須慎重。確定時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)情況從以下幾個(gè)方面來進(jìn)行。 1根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語來確定時(shí)態(tài)。 2注意時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)。 在主從復(fù)合句中,主句謂語與從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是相互照應(yīng)的。 1)在含賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句中,如果主句是一般過去時(shí),從句要用過去的相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài);如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而使用某一種時(shí)態(tài);如果從句說的
30、是客觀事實(shí)或真理,謂語動(dòng)詞總是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如: a)Do you know where he _(live)now? b)The teacher told us the sun _(rise)in the east c)She wanted to know if her mother _(like)the present Keys:a)lives b)rises c)liked 2)狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)比較復(fù)雜,我們應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):主從句的時(shí)態(tài)要一致;主句是一般將來時(shí)或祈使句,條件狀語從句或時(shí)間狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來;表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí),另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,這時(shí)從句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),主句用一般
31、過去時(shí)。如: a)We will go to the Great Wall if it _(not rain)tomorrow b)Could you ring me up as soon as he _(arrive)? c)I _(meet)an old friend of mine when I _(walk)in the street yesterday afternoon Keys:a)doesn't rain b)arrives c)met,was walking 3根據(jù)上下文確定時(shí)態(tài)。 有時(shí)句子沒有明顯的時(shí)間狀語,也不能用時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)規(guī)則來對(duì)照,這時(shí)就可以根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容來判斷
32、時(shí)間關(guān)系,確定時(shí)態(tài)。如: a)Be quiet!He _(listen)to the radio b)Where are the twins? They _(read)an English book c)While Mary _(play)in the garden,her brother _(write)in the room d)I have bought a new dictionaryWhen _ you _(buy)it? Keys:a)is listening b)are reading c)was playing,was writing d)did,buy 二、確定語態(tài) 我們?cè)诳?/p>
33、慮時(shí)態(tài)的同時(shí),也要考慮語態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語是謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),用被動(dòng)語態(tài);反之用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。如: a)Yesterday I _(tell)that we would have a picnic in the park b)Now surfing _(enjoy)by people all over the world Keys:a)was told b)is enjoyed 注意:不及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞的短語動(dòng)詞(如listen,sleep,happen,get up,grow up,break out,come in等)沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如: The ship has disappea
34、red The war broke out many years ago 但是,當(dāng)“不及物動(dòng)詞介(副)詞”構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞其作用相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),則有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 The children are looked after well 三、確定非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式 如果所給的動(dòng)詞在句子中不作謂語,就應(yīng)該考慮用動(dòng)詞的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。究竟選用哪種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式,可根據(jù)情況從以下幾方面來考慮。(詳見第28期) 1在及物動(dòng)詞want,hope,wish,decide,would like等動(dòng)詞后用不定式作賓語。 2It is time (for sb) to do sth,something to eatdri
35、nk,have nothing to do等句型中要用動(dòng)詞不定式。 3在enjoy,finish,mind,be busy,be worth,feel like,whathow about,can't help,practice,have funproblems等后要用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。 盡管有些同學(xué)時(shí)間概念記住了,謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)也確定了,但在答題時(shí)仍會(huì)出錯(cuò)。所以我們還應(yīng)注意: 1要弄清動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式及過去分詞等形式。 2要注意謂語動(dòng)詞要與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 3祈使句中,或在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞后,謂語動(dòng)詞要用原形。 中考英語聽力指導(dǎo)1. 考生拿到試卷之后,一定要
36、利用放錄音前的幾分鐘空余時(shí)間,將試卷上的選項(xiàng)全部讀一遍,一方面要盡可能記住其有關(guān)信息,另一方面要根據(jù)所給選項(xiàng)判斷問題類型或談話中心。2. 在具體聽錄音的過程中要集中思想,若遇到聽不懂的詞句,不要因此而停下來,也不要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地停留在難題上思考,因?yàn)槟阃O聛砹说浺舨]有停下來,這樣做會(huì)因小失大。正確的做法是:隨錄音繼續(xù)往下聽,直到最后。3. 若錄音放兩遍或三遍,要全力聽懂第一遍,同時(shí)一邊聽一邊初選答案,第二遍或第三遍主要用來檢查自己所選的答案是否正確。4. 在聽的過程中,要注意聽清錄音中的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、數(shù)字、原因等信息,因?yàn)檫@些往往可能就是考點(diǎn)。5. 一方面要注意充分理解錄音的整體內(nèi)容,另一方
37、面要特別注意各題的最后一句話,因?yàn)檫@往往就是該題的問題所在。而在這最后的一句話中又要特別注意它的第一個(gè)詞,即疑問詞,因?yàn)橐x的選項(xiàng)就是要回答這個(gè)疑問詞。做聽力題除注意以上幾點(diǎn)外,其具體方法有:1. 比較法:即根據(jù)聽到的有關(guān)內(nèi)容或信息對(duì)各個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較和鑒別,找出所給選項(xiàng)之間的用法和意義上的不同之處,從而找出正確的選項(xiàng)。2. 排除法:即對(duì)聽到的內(nèi)容將它們?cè)陬^腦中進(jìn)行分析和比較,弄清意思后,采取逐個(gè)去掉與聽到的內(nèi)容不相符的選項(xiàng),這叫排除法。這是做聽力選擇題的重要方法之一。3. 理解記憶法:即對(duì)所聽到的內(nèi)容,針對(duì)有意義的材料或事物,運(yùn)用已掌握的知識(shí)和平時(shí)所具備的經(jīng)驗(yàn),經(jīng)過分析理解,聯(lián)系并進(jìn)行記憶,經(jīng)
38、過判斷做出正確的選擇。4. 歸納積累法:這種方法主要是平時(shí)要多記一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法和固定用法,把所學(xué)的交際用語進(jìn)行歸納,加強(qiáng)記憶,從而在做聽力題時(shí),能迅速做出判斷。中考英語聽力題解題三大技巧NO.1 爭(zhēng)取時(shí)間 提前審題 領(lǐng)到試卷后應(yīng)迅速瀏覽聽力部分,盡快根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)預(yù)測(cè)可能出現(xiàn)的錄音內(nèi)容,努力尋求四個(gè)選項(xiàng)之間的差別,提高捕捉信息的準(zhǔn)確度。 如:聽對(duì)話,選擇正確答案:A. She is a cleaner. B. Shes
39、 a teacher C. Shes a worker.從選項(xiàng)中可預(yù)測(cè)該問題肯定是問職業(yè)的,那么在聽錄音時(shí),我們就應(yīng)該留意其對(duì)話場(chǎng)合和身份。NO.2 沉著答題 遇難不慌 聽力測(cè)試的時(shí)間是預(yù)先設(shè)定的,通常為12分鐘左右。因此,要培養(yǎng)搶記內(nèi)容的能力,如人名、地名、時(shí)間、數(shù)字等。特別是對(duì)那些一時(shí)拿不準(zhǔn)、寫不出的詞要學(xué)會(huì)用音標(biāo)或縮寫詞作快速記錄,以便在錄音結(jié)束后為自己創(chuàng)造追憶的條件。另外,如果在做題過程中遇到確實(shí)聽不懂的,要舍得果斷放棄,集中精力,作好后面的題,切不可揪住一點(diǎn)不放,因小失大。NO.3 仔細(xì)檢查
40、 理順關(guān)系聽力結(jié)束后,不要急于做筆試題。要利用頭腦中還保留的短暫記憶和記錄的內(nèi)容,對(duì)那些不太肯定的答案進(jìn)行推敲并合理想象。相對(duì)而言,聽力第二部分內(nèi)容難度降低,比較容易得分,做短文理解題時(shí)應(yīng)注意如下幾點(diǎn):一、聽短文錄音時(shí)要重在意會(huì),不能搞逐字對(duì)譯。要特別注意捕捉一篇短文開頭的第一句或最后一句話,因?yàn)樗鼈兺窃撐闹行乃枷胨诘闹黝}句。二、短文后所給的試題一般是緊扣考生所聽到的內(nèi)容按先后順序編排的,因此可以根據(jù)所聽有關(guān)內(nèi)容的先后順序來逐一考慮各題,以免理不清頭緒,解答問題時(shí)張冠李戴。三、所給出的選項(xiàng),選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)往往是看其是否與所聽內(nèi)容吻合。如果僅根據(jù)有關(guān)語法結(jié)構(gòu)上的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)就可判定選擇答案的話,該試
41、題就達(dá)不到考查聽力理解的目的。四、聽力結(jié)束后有些地方仍然沒聽清,在答題過程中切忌胡亂猜測(cè),要依據(jù)自己已聽到的部分內(nèi)容和已掌握的知識(shí)和常識(shí),通過分析、推理等找到最接近的答案。五、短文一般在聽兩遍的情況下,難以將所有內(nèi)容全部記憶下來。因此聽力前充分利用間隙時(shí)間,瀏覽試題有關(guān)書面材料,預(yù)測(cè)內(nèi)容。在聽力過程中要特別留意并記住有關(guān)的信息,提高答題的正確率。(一)It was a cold day in December in New York CityA little boy
42、;about 10 years old _1_(stand) in front of a shoe store on Broadway.He was looking through the windowsbarefooted and shivering with coldA lady _2_(walk) to the boy a
43、nd said“My little boy, what are you looking at?”I_3_(ask) God to give me a pair of shoesthe boy said The lady took him by the hand and went into the s
44、toreShe asked the clerk _4_(take) a pair of socks for the boyShe then asked if he could give her a basin of hot water and a towelThe clerk _5_(quick) broug
45、ht the things to herShe washed the boys little _6_(foot)and dried them with the towelBy this time,the clerk _7_(return) with the socks The lady put on the socks for&
46、#160;the boy,and then bought_8_ (he)a pair of shoesShe_9_ (pat) him on the head and said“My little boy,do you feel more comfortable now?” As she turned to go,
47、the boy _10_(catch) her by the hand _11_(sudden) and looked up in her faceWith tears in his eyes,he answered the question with these words,“Are you _12_(God) wife?”“No,Im
48、 a mother,”said the woman(二)A young woman _1_(walk) through a supermarket to pick up a few things when she noticed an old man _2_(follow) her around.Thinking nothing
49、;of it,she went on shopping. _3_(final),she went to checkout line,but the old man got in front of_4_(she),“Pardon me,” he said,“Im sorry if my staring(盯)at you has made
50、160;you feel_5_(comfortable),its just because you look like my daughter,who just _6_(die) recently.And I miss her very much.” “Im very sorry,” replied the young woman.“Is there_7_(
51、something) I can do for you“Yes,” he said.“As Im leaving,can you say Good-bye,grandpa to me?It would_8_( make) me feel so much better.”“Sure,” answered the young woman. A
52、s the old man was leaving,she called out.“Bye-bye,grandpa!” When she_9_( step) up to the checkout counter(收銀臺(tái)),she _10_(see)that her total was $178.50. “How can that be
53、?” she asked.“I only bought a few_11_( thing)!” “Your father said you _12_(pay) for him,” said the clerk. (三) _1_(live) in a foreign culture can be exciting,b
54、ut it can also be confusing。A group of Americans who taught English in other _2_(country) recently discussed their experiences. They decided that miscommunications were always_3_(&
55、#160;possible)even over something as simple as “yes” and “no”。 On her first day in Micronesia,an island in the Pacific,Lisa thought people weren't_4_ (pay) any attention&
56、#160;to her. The day was hot. She went into a store and asked,“Do you have cold drinks. The woman there didn't say_5_( something). Lisa repeated the question. St
57、ill the Woman said nothing. She later learned that the woman had answered her: She _6_ (raise)her eyebrows (眉毛),which in Micronesia means ”yes“。 Jan remembered an&
58、#160;experience she had in Bulgaria,a country in Europe. She went to a restaurant that was_7_(know) for its cabbage. She asked the _8_(wait),“Do,you have cabbage today?”He_9_(
59、;nod) his head. Jan waited,but the cabbage never came. In that country a nod means no. Tom had a similar problem when he arrived in India. After _10_(explain)
60、something in class,he asked his students if they understood. They answered with many different nods and shakes of the head. He thought some people had not _11_(understood
61、),so he explained again. When he asked again,they did the same thing He soon found out that his students did understand. In India,people nod and shake their heads
62、60;in different ways _12_(depend) on where they come from. You have to know where a person is from to understand whether they mean “yes” or “no”。 (四) On a
63、 cold winter afternoon, Susan_1_(walk) home from a supermarket. She was feeling a little tired.,as she was carrying her_2_( shop) bags. They were so heavy th
64、at she decided to have a rest in the park. Then she noticed a poor man _3 _(walk) in front of her. The man was holding a paper bag. He wal
65、ked to a rubbish bin (箱) and started looking through it. Susan suddenly _4_(feel) sad. She knew this man would take all that he could
66、;get. So she went up to him and gave him some fruit. The man looked up in _5_(surprise) and took what she gave him. A big smile&
67、#160;appeared on his face and she felt very happy. Then he said, "Wow! First someone gave me this sandwich, then the orange juice, and now some delicious
68、fruit . This is my_6_( daughter) lucky day. Thank you, girl." Then he went away , _7_(sing) a song. Just then, Susan understood what the _8_
69、(say) "Giving is getting" really meant. Everyone in the world needs help; everyone can offer help and everyone will be helped by _9_(show) kindness.
70、60; _10_(give) sometimes doesn't cost much, but it means a lot to the people who you help. The man's_11_( happy) at that moment comes into Susa
71、n's mind every time she has the chance_12_(help) others. (五) _1_(do)homework not only can help children master the knowledge they have learned,but also can train their
72、0;abilities of finishing the work alone,_2_(plan) the time and doing the _3_(duty)But some children don't like to complete the workWhy? There are some reasons Some c
73、hildren feel it is very difficult _4_( do) their homework,because they can't understand their teacher_5_( clear),and cannot follow their teacher's teaching process(過程)Maybe there
74、0;is something wrong with their intelligence But some children's intelligence is normalThey are even_6_( clever)but they don't listen to the teacher_7_( careful)It is hard for them_8_(sit) well and pay attention to anythingIt needs to carry on the attention centralized(集中注意力 )training _9_( help) the children Some&
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