新人教版｜八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語所有語法全匯總

1、新人教版I八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語所有語法全匯總LG GROUP system office room LGAlte-LGYY-LGiLASQS-LGA 162 新人教版 I 八年級(jí)下冊(cè)所有語法全匯總詢問某人的健康問題及遭到麻煩的表達(dá)方法1 .詢問某人患了何種疾病或遇到了何種麻煩時(shí)，常用以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)：What' s the matter (with sb.)(某人)怎么了What' s wrong (with sb.)(某人)怎么了What' s the trouble with sb 某人出什么事了What happened to sb某人發(fā)生了什么事Are you OK

2、你沒事吧Is there anything wrong with sb.某人有不舒服/麻煩嗎2 .要表達(dá)身體疼痛或不舒服，可用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：某人+have/has+病癥The twins have colds.雙胞胎感冒了。某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.She had a stomachache last night.她昨晚肚子痛。某人+have/has+a+sore+發(fā)病部位He has a sore throat.他喉嚨痛。某人+hurt (s) +身體部位或反身代詞He hurt his leg.他

3、的腿受傷了。某部位+hurt(s).My head hurts badly.我頭痛得厲害。某人+have/has+a pain+in one' s+身體部位I have a pain in my chest. 我胸口痛。© (There is) something wrong with one * s+身體部位There is something wrong with my right eye. 我的右眼有毛病。其他表達(dá)方式She has a heart trouble.她有心臟病。He got hit on the head.他頭部受到了撞擊。She cut her fin

4、ger.她割破手指了。二.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法1. should為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“應(yīng)該；應(yīng)當(dāng)”，否定式為shouldn' t,其后接動(dòng)詞原 形，無人稱和數(shù)的變化。常用來表示征詢意見、建議、勸告、要求或義務(wù)等。You should drink more water.你應(yīng)該多喝水。He should put his head back.他應(yīng)該把頭后仰。We should try our best to help him.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)盡力去幫助他。You shouldn 't watch TV.你不應(yīng)該看電視。2. should用于主語為第一人稱的疑問句，表示征詢意見。Should

5、 I put some medicine on it我應(yīng)當(dāng)給它敷上藥嗎Should we tell her about it我們應(yīng)該告訴她這件事嗎3. 在英語中，表示建議的說法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重點(diǎn)。主要結(jié)構(gòu)有:Would you like (to do) sth你想要/愿意(做)某事嗎Would you like to play basketball with me 你想要和我一起打籃球嗎 Shall I/we do sth我/我們做某事好嗎Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow明天我們?nèi)?dòng)物園，好嗎Why not do sth為什么不呢Why not joi

6、n us為什么不加入到我們當(dāng)中來呢 How/What about doing sth做某事怎么樣 How about going swimming 去游泳怎么樣Let' s do sth.讓我們做吧。Let' s go home.咱們回家吧。You' d better (not) do sth你最好(不)要做某事。You, d better not go there alone.你最好不要一個(gè)人去那兒。三.反身代詞上保持一致。第一人稱單數(shù)myself復(fù)數(shù) ourselves 反身代詞的用法第二人稱 yourself yourselves英語中共有八個(gè)反身代詞，在使用時(shí)應(yīng)

7、注意和它所指的相應(yīng)的對(duì)象在人稱、性別和數(shù)第三人稱himself/herself/itself themselves1 .可用作賓語，指的是賓語和主語表示同一個(gè)或同一些人或事物。 如：Maria bought herself a scarf.We must look after ourselves very well.2 .可用作表語，指的是表語和主語表示同一個(gè)或同一些人或事物。如： She isn' t quite herself today.3 .可用作主語或賓語的同位語，常用來加強(qiáng)語氣。如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow.I met

8、the writer himself last week.4 .用在某些固定短語當(dāng)中。如：look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顧自己 teach oneself sth. /learn sth. by oneself 自學(xué)enjoy oneself玩得高興，過得愉快help oneself to sth請(qǐng)自用（隨便吃/喝些）hurt oneself弄傷自己say to oneself自言自語leave sb. by oneself把某人單獨(dú)留下【注意】反身代詞不能單獨(dú)做主語，但可以做主語的同位語，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。如：我自己能完成作業(yè)。（誤）Myse

9、lf can finish my homework.（正）I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. 四.一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)斫?jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 一般將來時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)1. will+動(dòng)詞原形否定式：will not=won't一般疑問式：will/shaH+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？特殊疑問式：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問式？Will he help you with your English tonight?今天晚上他會(huì)幫助你學(xué)習(xí)英語嗎？一Yes, he wi

10、ll. /No, he won't.是的，他會(huì)。/不，他不會(huì)。-When will you arrive for America?你什么時(shí)候去美國？Tomorrow.明天。2. am/is/are going to + 動(dòng)詞原形否定式：am/is/are not going to +動(dòng)詞原形一般疑問式：am/is/are +主語+ going to +動(dòng)詞原形+其他？特殊疑問式：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問式？Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm.看那烏云，快要下雨了。Is he going to collect any d

11、ata for us他會(huì)幫我們收集數(shù)據(jù)嗎？What are you going to do tomorrow?明天你打算作什么？3. will+動(dòng)詞原形與am/is/are going to +動(dòng)詞原形的用法區(qū)別wi 11+動(dòng)詞原形與am/is/are going to +動(dòng)詞原形的用法雖然都表示將來發(fā)生動(dòng)作或 情況，一般情況下能互換。但它們的用法是有區(qū)別的。will主要用于在以下三個(gè)方面：（1）表示主觀意愿的將來。They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.明天他們將去廠參觀工廠。（2）表示不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的客觀的將來。He will be thi

12、rty years old this time next year.明年這個(gè)時(shí)候他就（將）三十歲。（3）表示臨時(shí)決定，通常用于對(duì)話中。Mary has been ill for a week.瑪麗病了一周了。一Oh, I didn't know. I will go and see her.噢，我不知道。我去看看她。be going to主要用于以下兩個(gè)方面：(1)表示事先經(jīng)過考慮、安排好打算、計(jì)劃要做某事。Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌劇。(2)表示根據(jù)目前某種跡象判斷，某事非常有可

13、能發(fā)生，表示推測(cè)。Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.瞧！烏云密集。天要下雨了。五.動(dòng)詞不定式(t。do)的用法L作主語為避免句子的頭重腳輕，常用it作為形式主語，而真正的主語動(dòng)詞不定式后置。常用句型:It +be+adj. /n. +(for/of sb.) to do sth. /It takes sb. some time to do sth.2 .作賓語動(dòng)詞 want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare常接動(dòng)詞不定

14、式作賓語。3 .作(后置)定語常用于 uhave/has+sth. +to do" 或"Its time to do sth. 等結(jié)構(gòu)中。4 .作賓語補(bǔ)足語tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ) 足語,構(gòu)成 tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)?！咀⒁狻縿?dòng)詞不定式作使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)應(yīng)省去to： “一感 (feel), 二聽(listen to, hear), Hit (let, make, have, 四看(look at, see

15、, watch, notice),半幫助(help)”。5 .動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語主要用來修飾動(dòng)詞，表示目的，結(jié)果或原因。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，有時(shí)可以把動(dòng)詞不定式 放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to)或so as (to) ”為了,目的是”。六. Could you please.句型1 .請(qǐng)求別人時(shí)通常用此句型,也可以說Can you. . . please情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could或can在 這里均表示請(qǐng)求，在意思上無區(qū)別，但是用could在于其顯得更委婉、客氣、誠懇。 在日常生活中常使用could you/I.若在句末加上please,則顯得更禮貌。Could you help me fin

16、d my book, please 你能幫我找到我的書嗎2 .對(duì) could you/I.的問句作出肯定回答，常用 usure/certainly/of coursev 等；如果作否定回答，常用“sorry或oh, please don' t"。一般不用no開頭，用 no顯得語氣生硬、不禮貌。3 .表示請(qǐng)求的其他句式Would you like to do.Would you mind doing.Let" s do.Please do.(祈使句前加please)七.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1 .基本概念：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這一特 定的過去時(shí)

17、間除有上下文暗示以外，一般用時(shí)間狀語來表示。常用的時(shí)間狀語this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 等。We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我們?cè)诳措娨?。It was raining when they left the station.他們離開車站的時(shí)候天正在下雨。2 .基本結(jié)構(gòu) was / were （ not ） + 動(dòng)詞-ing3 . 一般過去時(shí)與過去進(jìn)

18、行時(shí)用法的比較一般過去時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生過的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示在 過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。David wrote a letter to his friend last night.大衛(wèi)昨晚給他的朋友寫了封信。（信寫完了。）David was writing a letter to his friend last night.大衛(wèi)昨晚一直在給他的朋 友寫信。（信不一定寫完。）八.狀語從句1. unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句unless = if. not.除非，若不They will go tomorrow unless it rains.=They wi

19、ll go tomorrow if it doesn' t rains.2. as soon as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為"一.就.”。He will come and see you as soon as he can.3. so. that.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句句型L主語+謂語+so+形容詞/副詞+that從句The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 句型 2： so + 形容 詞+ a/an +單數(shù)名詞+ that從句It was so hot a day that they all went swim

20、ming.句型3. so + many/ few +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ that從句He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.句型4： so +much/ little +不可數(shù)名詞+ that從句I had so little money that I couldn* t buy a pen.九.形容詞/副詞的比較等級(jí)形容詞和副詞有三個(gè)比較等級(jí)，即原級(jí)（也就是原形）、比較級(jí)（表示“較”或 “更”的意思，用于兩者之間比較）和最高級(jí)（表示“最”的意思，用于三 者或三者以上的比較）。1 .形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的規(guī)則變化（1）單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-

21、er, -ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)單詞，比較級(jí)在后面加-er,最高級(jí)在 后面加-est。單音節(jié)單詞small-*smaller->smallestshort-*shorter->shortesttall -taller-tallestgreat-*greater-*greatest少數(shù)以-er, -ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)單詞 cleverf cleverer f cleverestnarrow-*narrowerf narrowest（2）以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)單詞，比較級(jí)在原形后加-r,最高級(jí)在原級(jí)后加-st。 large-*larger-*largest nicenicer f nicest

22、 able-* abler-* ablest（3）以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)（即：輔音+元音+輔音）單詞中，先雙寫末尾的 輔音字母，比較級(jí)加-er,最高級(jí)加-est。big-bigger f biggest hotf hotter f hottest fatf fatter f fattest（4）以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，把y改為i,比較級(jí)加-er,最高級(jí)加- estoeasy->easier-> easiest heavyheavier-* heaviest busy-* bus ier-* busiest happyf happier f happiest（5）其他雙

23、音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，比較級(jí)在前面加more,最高級(jí)在前面加most。 beautiful-more beautiful->most beautiful different-more different-most different easily-*more easily->most easily2 .形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的不規(guī)則變化 goodbetterbest wellbetter best badf worseworst ill f worseworstold-*older/elder->oldest/eldest many/muchmorefmost little

24、-* less-*leastfar ffurther/farther furthest/farthest3 .原級(jí)常用句型（1） A is as+原級(jí)+ as+ B表示A與B一樣 eg. He is as tall as me.（2） A is not as/so +原級(jí)+ as B表示A不如B. eg. He is not as tall as me.（3）只能修飾原級(jí)的詞，very, quite, so, too, so, enough, pretty 等0 eg. He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再繼續(xù)走了。4 .比較級(jí)常用句型（1）當(dāng)句中有tha

25、n時(shí)則用比較級(jí)。 eg. He is fatter than me.（2） “特殊疑問詞+be+形容詞比較級(jí)，A or Beg. Which is bigger, the earth or the moon 哪一個(gè)更大，地球還是月球（3） “比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”表示“越來越. ”。eg. The flowers are more and more beautiful.花JL越來越漂亮。English is more and more important. 英語越來越重要了。（4） “the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)”表示“越.，越。eg. The more careful you are,

26、the fewer mistakes you' 11 make.（5）可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞：much, a lot, far, a little, a bit, even, still 等。eg. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一課比第二課容易得多。5 .最高級(jí)常用句型L “主語+be+the+形容詞最高級(jí)（+單數(shù)名詞）+in/of.”表示“是中 最的”。Tom is the tallest in his class/of all the students.湯姆是他們班上/所有學(xué)生當(dāng)中最高的。2 .”主語+實(shí)意動(dòng)詞+（the）+副詞最高級(jí)+in/of. ”表示“是中最的”。I jump （the） farthest in my class.我是我們班跳得最遠(yuǎn)的。3 "主語+be+one of the+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+in/of. . ”表示”是中最之一” OBeijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中國最大城市之一。4 .“特殊疑問詞+be+the+最高級(jí)，甲，乙，。r丙？ ”用于三者或三者以上的比較。Which country i