專(zhuān)題二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)分析與突破

1、專(zhuān)題二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)分析與突破考點(diǎn)概要分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)中的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)之一，同時(shí)也是歷屆高考考查的主要語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目。高考對(duì)非 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查側(cè)重于對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本用法的考查，即：1. 不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，分詞與不定式作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的省略式和否定結(jié)構(gòu)；3. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合形式：動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（sb.' doing sth.，with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（with +名詞/代詞+ 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞）；4. 分詞作狀語(yǔ)和作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化與區(qū)別。下表呈現(xiàn)了湖北高考近年對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查內(nèi)容：年份考點(diǎn)2007with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)2008過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足

2、語(yǔ)2009不定式作賓語(yǔ)；動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)2010動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)；不定式作定語(yǔ)2011過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)；動(dòng)詞不 定式完成式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)2012with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)；動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作賓語(yǔ)2013動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)；過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)； 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)整。解答非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞試題時(shí)，可遵循以下解 題思路：1.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，準(zhǔn)確識(shí)別非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞， 確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中所作的成分；2.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)提示以及動(dòng)詞的邏 輯主語(yǔ)來(lái)確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式（不定式、 動(dòng)名詞還是分詞）、語(yǔ)態(tài)（主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)）、 時(shí)態(tài)（一般時(shí)、進(jìn)行時(shí)還是完成時(shí)），是肯定 形式還是否定

3、形式；3.注意提示詞與介詞、名詞以及非謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞等的搭配；4.檢查是否有信息遺漏，表達(dá)是否完高考真題展示1.（2010）（不會(huì)用）a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research.（use）不會(huì)用電腦使他做學(xué)術(shù)研究更為困難。2. （2010）After she completes the project, she' II have（沒(méi)什么要擔(dān)心的）.（worry）在她完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目后，她將沒(méi)什么要擔(dān)心的。3. （ 2011） （把鑰匙握在手上）,he looked for them everywh

4、ere. （hold）鑰匙握在手上，他卻到處尋找它們。4.（ 2011）A number of paintings in this castle are believed （被毀掉）in a fire in 2009. （destroy）人們相信這座城堡里的一些油畫(huà)在2009年的一場(chǎng)大火中被毀掉了。5.（ 2012） With , some animals are facing the danger of dying out. （cut）由于越來(lái)越多的森林被砍伐，一些動(dòng)物正面臨著滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。6.（2012） Pop ularly（regard）教父被普遍認(rèn)為是美國(guó)有史以來(lái)最好的影片之一，是電影

5、界的一個(gè)里程碑。American films ever made, The Godfather is a milestone of cinema.7.（ 2012）The soldier was absent from his camp for three days without.（ask）這個(gè)士兵沒(méi)有請(qǐng)假就離開(kāi)營(yíng)地三天。8.(2013) Notmy p arents, I failed to go to a drama school, where my interest lay.(P ersuade)to a tree on the riverbank.由于沒(méi)有說(shuō)服我父母，我沒(méi)能上戲劇學(xué)校

6、，而那才是我的興趣所在。9. (2013) When I work on the farmland in the daytime, I always (kee P)白天干農(nóng)活的時(shí)候，我總是把羊拴在河邊的樹(shù)上。10.(2013) As time is pressing, I think is the best way to get from here to the conference centre. (take) 由于時(shí)間緊迫，我認(rèn)為從這里去會(huì)議中心最好的辦法是乘出租車(chē)。 考點(diǎn)知識(shí)掃描非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)性、綜合性很強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)，千萬(wàn)別記住幾個(gè)條條框框就去亂套用。真正 領(lǐng)悟非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法

7、要掌握以下熱點(diǎn)知識(shí)：1.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)1.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)2.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)執(zhí)八、3.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象 的或一般性的概念，而不定式作主語(yǔ)則表示4.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)具體的、某一次的行為。5.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)Smoking is forbidden in p ublic pl aces.6.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)7.考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(一般性概念)It is impossible to go swimming thisafternoon.(具體的)2.不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)換成it作形式主語(yǔ)，而動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)用it代替的情況

8、(It is no use doing sth.為特定句式)則多見(jiàn)于特定句式中。It was no use sending him to a hos pital.It 'very hard to learn an art.3.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句首時(shí)，只可在動(dòng)名詞前加上物主代詞或名詞的所有格。而動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不在句首時(shí)，則還可用名詞的普通格或代詞賓格作動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。Jack's suddenly disappearing made them worried.(不可用 Jack)They were worried about Jack ' s / Jack sudde

9、nly disappearing.4.帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以和主語(yǔ)從句相互轉(zhuǎn)換。His being elected our team leader made us all very excited. = That he was elected our team leader made us all very excited.他被選為我們的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)，使我們都很興奮。即時(shí)鞏固1. It is imp ossible for my question他不在，我的問(wèn)題就答復(fù)不了。in his absence. (answer)in the exam made his head tea

10、cher very angry. (catch)他考試作弊被抓令班主任很生氣。2.3. go hiking with her friends made Jane a little unhappy all day. (allow)不準(zhǔn)和朋友們一起去遠(yuǎn)足讓簡(jiǎn)一整天都不太高興。4. different languages and cultures does a lot of good to children. (expose)接觸不同的語(yǔ)言和文化對(duì)孩子們大有裨益。考點(diǎn)2.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)既可以是物主代詞或名詞的所有格,也可以是人稱代詞賓格或名詞的普通格。如

11、：She doesn ' t like Mary / Mary' s talking that way.2. 作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式和不定式的完成式表示該動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. 3. 接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)巧記如下： 想要干： want, wish, hope, expect, seek, attempt, aim,claim, would like / love, desire, swear早打算：同

12、意否：?jiǎn)枂?wèn)看：決定了：盡力干：努力做：plan, prepare, mean, arrange agree, promise, undertake, offer, choose, refuse ask, begdecide, determine, make up one' s mind, be determined try, manage （反義詞 fail）, struggle, strive make an effort別裝蒜：4. 接動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)巧記如下： 考慮建議盼原諒：pretendconsider, suggest / advise, look f

13、orward to, excuse, pardon承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)的想： 避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練： 否認(rèn)完成停止賞： 不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡： 不準(zhǔn)冒險(xiǎn)憑想象：admit, delay / put off, fancy avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise deny, finish, stop, enjoy / appreciate can' t help, mind, allow / permit, escape forbid, risk, imagine5. 后接動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式和動(dòng)詞不定式意義有別的動(dòng)詞： （1）2）3）4）5）6）7）forget to do

14、 忘記要去做某事 （此事未做 ） forget doing 忘記做過(guò)某事 （此事已做過(guò)或已發(fā)生 ） stop to do 停止、中斷 （某件事 ），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 remember to do 記住去做某事 （ 未做 ） remember doing 記得做過(guò)某事 （已做 ）regret to do 對(duì)要做的事遺憾 （后常跟動(dòng)詞 say, tell, inform 等 ） regret doing 對(duì)做過(guò)的事后悔 try to do 努力、企圖做某事 try doing 試驗(yàn)、試一試某種辦法mean to do打算，有意要mean doing 意味著

15、go on to do 繼而 （去做另外一件事情 ） go on doing 繼續(xù) （原先沒(méi)有做完的事情 ）6. 動(dòng)詞 advise / allow / permit / forbid 后要跟 doing 作賓語(yǔ)，跟 to do 作賓補(bǔ)。如：We don't allow people to smoke here.The teacher advised taking a different approach.7. need, require, want, deserve作“需要”理解時(shí)，其后必須用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語(yǔ)，表示“某事需要被做”。be worth后須

16、用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如：The road is covered with some fallen trees and they need removing / to be removed immediately. 8. 固定句型1） There is no good / point / sense / harm（ in ）doing sth. 做某事不好 （沒(méi)用/沒(méi)意義/沒(méi)有害處 ）(2)have difficulty / trouble / problem / a hard time / a good time / fun + (in) + doing 做某事有困難 /

17、 無(wú) 困難/有趣(3)（4）（5）即時(shí)鞏固spend / waste / lose time (in) doing sth. 花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事cannot help but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice / alternative but to do 表示 "不得不”。 "would rather / had better + (not) +動(dòng)詞原形"意為“寧愿 /最好(不)做某事”。1.（2013 武昌區(qū)期末考） Having spent some time in the city, he had no tro

18、ubleHistory Museum. （find）他在這個(gè)城市已經(jīng)呆了一段時(shí)間，因此毫不費(fèi)力就找到了去歷史博物館的路。the2. (2013 武漢市部分中學(xué) 11 月聯(lián)考) When she heard her mother' s steps on the stairs, she pretendedher comp osition. （write）聽(tīng)到媽媽上樓梯的腳步聲，她假裝在寫(xiě)作文。3. (2013 襄陽(yáng)市第二次聯(lián)考)Ever since her childhood, she has dreamed ofto goabroad for further study. （there）

19、自從孩童時(shí)代起她就夢(mèng)想有機(jī)會(huì)出國(guó)深造。4.（2013 龍泉中學(xué) 10 月統(tǒng)考）I really appreciatesuch a good opportunity. I won' t let you down. （give）我十分感激給我這么好的機(jī)會(huì)。我不會(huì)讓你失望的。考點(diǎn)3.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)1.不定式作表語(yǔ)一般表示具體動(dòng)作，特別是表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。動(dòng)詞 般性的行為。-ing形式作表語(yǔ)，表示抽象的、一2. 表心理狀態(tài)的 interesting, exciting, disappointing, encouraging, worrying, puzzling, satisfying,

20、surprising, pleasing等現(xiàn)在分詞式形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)外在的表象，意為“令人的” interested, excited, disappointed,encouraged, worried, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, p leased等過(guò)去分詞作形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀的感受，意為“感到的”。3. get, become, look, seem, appear, remain等系動(dòng)詞后都可跟過(guò)去分詞，表示主語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)狀態(tài)。女口： remainseated /hidden, get paid / dressed / changed / stuc

21、k / hurt / injured / burnt 等。即時(shí)鞏固1. What he wanted to suggest is他想建議的是降價(jià)促銷(xiāo)。and increase the sales. (cut)2. In Ap ril, thousands of holidaymakers remained due to the volcanic ash cloud. （ stick）在4月，由于火山灰云成千名度假者被困在國(guó)外。whether they will3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it

22、 enjoy it. （see）去國(guó)外度次假對(duì)這對(duì)老夫婦很有益處，但他們是否會(huì)喜歡它仍有待觀察?？键c(diǎn)4.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)1.不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式和過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：to do / to be done作定語(yǔ)一般表示未來(lái)動(dòng)作；過(guò) 去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示已經(jīng)完成的或表被動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作；being done表示被動(dòng)的、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；doing表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在（或當(dāng)時(shí)）的狀態(tài)；現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式一般不作定語(yǔ)。2. 使用不定式作定語(yǔ)的情況（1）下列詞語(yǔ)后常接不定式作定語(yǔ)：chance，wish，right，courage, need, promise，time，opportuni

23、ty，way，the first，the second, the last，the only 等。如：Who was the first one to get to the top of the hill yesterday?（2）不定式作定語(yǔ)和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。如:There is no one to look after her.（3）不定式與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如:I have a lot of work to do.注意： 如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)有必要的介詞。如：He is looking for a room to live in.如果不定式的邏輯主

24、語(yǔ)和邏輯賓語(yǔ)都出現(xiàn)在不定式前面，不定式則用主動(dòng)形式；若在句中找不到 不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，則用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。注意這兩句話的區(qū)別：Do you have anything to wash today? （to wash 的邏輯主語(yǔ)為句子的主語(yǔ)you）Do you have anything to be washed ? （to be washed動(dòng)作不由 you完成，而是由 “我” 或其他人來(lái)完成。）3. 一些形容詞化的過(guò)去分詞表示已完成的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)，意為“已經(jīng)的”。這類(lèi)過(guò)去分詞均為不及物動(dòng)詞變化而來(lái)。如：a fallen leaf落葉（已經(jīng)落在地上）宀a falling leaf飄零的落

25、葉（尚在空中）a developed country 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家 宀 a developing country 發(fā)展中國(guó)家a risen sun升起的太陽(yáng) 宀 a rising sun冉冉升起的太陽(yáng)即時(shí)鞏固；we cannotby? (put)1. （ 2012 黃岡市 9 月調(diào)考） Every one of us has many responsibilities avoid them and must do our best to undertake them. （attach）我們每個(gè)人都有依附于我們的責(zé)任。我們不能回避這些責(zé)任，我們得盡力去承擔(dān)。2. ( 2013 武漢市 4 月調(diào)考)H

26、ave you got ready for the coming job interviewKFC next week? (give)你為下周KFC舉行的求職面試作好了準(zhǔn)備嗎？3.（2013 襄陽(yáng)市部分中學(xué) 11 月聯(lián)考）Are you in favor of the suggestion你同意彼得提出的建議嗎？考點(diǎn)5.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)1.不定式和分詞作狀語(yǔ)，有一般式和完成式，也有主動(dòng)式和被動(dòng)式。完成式表示該動(dòng)作比謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng) 作先發(fā)生。當(dāng)前后主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可以按照下列形式選擇使用：（1）to do表示目的或結(jié)果 （to do = in order to do / so as to do, 其

27、中 so as to do不能放在句首 表示意想不到的結(jié)果；thus doing表示自然而然的結(jié)果。如：We hurried to the classroom only to find none there.（意想不至U的結(jié)果 ）A terrible storm hit the area, thus causing great damage to the crops.（自然而然的結(jié)果 ）（2） doing sth.表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（主動(dòng)關(guān)系）；being + adj. / n.常表示原因；（“因?yàn)檎诒弧保?。如：?qiáng)調(diào)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作);only to dobeing d

28、oneHearing the news, they got excited.Being blind, how could they see an ele phant?Being rep aired, the car cannot be used today.having been（3）done表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作；having done先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（主動(dòng)關(guān)系）； done先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（被動(dòng)關(guān)系）。如：Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.Given ( = Having been

29、 given) a wrong number, I couldn ' t contact him over the phone.2. too.to do表示肯定的情況(1) 當(dāng)only too和all too與動(dòng)詞不定式連用時(shí)，表示肯定意義。如：I'm only too pleased to help you.我很高興能幫助你。(2) too ready / anxious / eager / glad / willing (多為表“高興”“易于” “急于"和“樂(lè)于”之意的形容詞)+ to do,其后的動(dòng)詞不定式具有肯定意義。這時(shí)too相當(dāng)于very。(3) neve

30、r (not) + too.to.意為“不會(huì)太所以能”之意。如：One is never too old to learn. (諺)活至 U老，學(xué)至 U老。(4) cannot.too / enough.意為"再也不過(guò)分”之意。如：You can never be careful enough while driving.駕車(chē)時(shí)越小心越好。3.有些非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)已經(jīng)游離出來(lái)，成為固定短語(yǔ)，當(dāng)作插入語(yǔ)使用。此時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)與它們不 存在邏輯上的一致關(guān)系。如：(1) to tell you the truth 實(shí)話說(shuō)， needless to say不用說(shuō)，to be honest /

31、frank 老實(shí)說(shuō)，坦白說(shuō)，to bemore exact 更確切地說(shuō)，to make things worse 更糟的是，say that.假設(shè)， not to mention.更不用說(shuō)(2) generally / frankly / roughly speaking 一般說(shuō)來(lái) / 坦白說(shuō) / 粗略地說(shuō)，considering.鑒于 / 考慮 ，judging by / from.從 來(lái)看，依據(jù) 來(lái)判斷， supposing / suppose that.假定 ,providing that.假定 ,according to.依據(jù) ,including.包括 ,owing to.由于 ,t

32、alking / speaking of 談及p rovided that.女口果(3) given.考慮到4.連詞+分詞(短語(yǔ))有時(shí)，為了使非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)與主句的邏輯關(guān)系更清楚，可在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加連詞。連詞有when, while,if, unless, though, after, before等。但分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)必須一致。如：While waiting there, he saw two p retty girls come out of the building.即時(shí)鞏固1.(2012黃岡中學(xué)11月月考)the builder several times, he signe

33、d the contract atlength. (negotiate)與建筑商協(xié)商了幾次后，他最終簽了這個(gè)合同。2. (2013 湖北部分中學(xué)聯(lián)考I)When his mother came home from work, he was lying on the sofa, his book. (absorb)母親下班回家的時(shí)候，他正躺在沙發(fā)上專(zhuān)心致志地看書(shū)。a sign onmy study.3. (2013 武漢市部分中學(xué) 11 月聯(lián)考)We rushed to the football court,which was written“ Periodic Maintenance ” .

34、(see)我們沖進(jìn)足球場(chǎng)，結(jié)果只看見(jiàn)球場(chǎng)上一塊牌子上寫(xiě)著“定期維修” 。4. (2013襄陽(yáng)市第二次聯(lián)考)When first ， iP hone 5 was widely acce pted by consumers. (introduce)當(dāng)?shù)谝淮我胧袌?chǎng)，iPhone 5就被消費(fèi)者廣泛接受。5. (2013 襄陽(yáng)市 3 月聯(lián)考)The noise outside was extremely terrible, thus (concentrate)6.(2013荊州市質(zhì)檢n)外面的噪音太大，使我無(wú)法集中注意力學(xué)習(xí)。the p ossible snowstorm at hand, they

35、determined to stay athome for the holiday. (warn )得到告誡可能有暴風(fēng)雪即將到來(lái)，他們決定假期呆在家里?？键c(diǎn)6.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1. hope, welcome, agree, suggest, demanc不能跟 sb. to do sth.，即不能帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。hope sb. to do sth.應(yīng)改為t wish / expect sb. to do sth. welcome sb. to do sth.應(yīng)改為t sb. be welcome to do sth. agree sb. to do sth.應(yīng)改為t allow /

36、permit sb. to do sth.suggest sb. to do sth.應(yīng)改為t advise sb. to do sth. / suggest sb. (should) do sth. demand sb. to do sth應(yīng)改為t require sb. to do sth. / demand sb. (should) do sth. 2.感官動(dòng)詞帶賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)公式（以 see 為例）:see + 賓語(yǔ) + do / doing / done （主動(dòng)）t主語(yǔ) + be seen to do / doing / done結(jié)構(gòu)意義：do, to do sth.表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)

37、程或經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作；doing表示主動(dòng)的、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；done表示完成的、被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作（如果是不及物動(dòng)詞則只表示完成的動(dòng)作）。但在這些動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式（如果可以變?yōu)?被動(dòng)式的話）后用作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式要帶to。(1)(2)(3)A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)有：see, notice, watch, observe, catch (sight of), listen to, hear, feel, find 等。3. get / send帶賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。get / send+

38、賓語(yǔ)+ doing表示 "使起來(lái)”，由靜止到運(yùn)動(dòng)并持續(xù)下去。get+賓語(yǔ)+ to do = let / have sb. do表示"讓某人做某事”。get +賓語(yǔ)+ done= have sth. done表示“使某事被做”。（4）4. make帶賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。使役動(dòng)詞make+賓語(yǔ)+ do / done；賓語(yǔ)與do為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，與done是被動(dòng)關(guān)系；如果make在被動(dòng)語(yǔ) 態(tài)中，作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)用的動(dòng)詞原形前要加上to。5. have帶賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。have+ sth.+ done 意為have+ sb.+ doing 意為(1)(2)“讓某事被（他人）做”。 “讓某人一直做某事”。sen

39、d+賓語(yǔ)+ to do表示"派某人去做某事”。（3）注意：要做”（主語(yǔ)本人做）?？蓞⒖级ㄕZ(yǔ)用法。have + sb.+ do意為"讓某人做某事”。“有某事have sth. to be done意為 "有要做的事情”（不是主語(yǔ)本人做）；have sth. to do意為6. keep / leave+賓語(yǔ)+ doing (主動(dòng)動(dòng)作，且持續(xù)進(jìn)行)/ done (被動(dòng)狀態(tài))。7. want / order / ask / wish / like +賓語(yǔ)+ (to be) done (賓語(yǔ)與 done 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系)。8. be reported (said / be

40、lieved.)+ to do / to be doing / to have ( been) done 意為"據(jù)報(bào)道(說(shuō)、認(rèn)為) 要 做(正在做、做過(guò)了)某事”。即時(shí)鞏固1. Mr. White was happy to find his pet dog at home when he was out. （take）懷特先生高興地發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)他外出時(shí)，他的寵物狗在家被照顧得很好。2. They urged the committee soon. （make）他們極力主張委員會(huì)盡快做出決定。3. (2012 黃岡市 9 月調(diào)考)Many farmers in the countryside

41、 have gone to cities to look for work and left theirchildren behind by their grand parents, (raise)all the很多農(nóng)村的農(nóng)民去大城市找工作，將他們的孩子留給祖父母撫養(yǎng)。4. (2013 武漢市部分中學(xué)12 月聯(lián)考) The girl under the tall tree was seen afternoon. （sit）有人看見(jiàn)大樹(shù)下的那個(gè)女孩閑坐在那里讀了一下午的書(shū)?？键c(diǎn)7.考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)1. with +賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞表示該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)With so many peop

42、le communicating in English every day, it will become more and more imp ortant to have a good knowledge of English .有這么多人每天用英語(yǔ)交流，精通英語(yǔ)將會(huì)變得越來(lái)越重要。The day was fine, with a fresh breeze blowing . 天氣晴朗，和風(fēng)輕拂。有時(shí)也用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式表示“正在被做” 。如：With more and more forests being cut down, some animals are facing the dang

43、er of dying out.由于越來(lái)越多的森林正在被砍伐，一些動(dòng)物正面臨著滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。（2013湖北卷）2. with +賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞(過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)，完成)It was a p ity that the great writer died with his works unfinished.遺憾的是那位大作家去世了，留下未完成的作品。With the problem settled，we felt relieved . 問(wèn)題解決了，我們感到很輕松。3. with +賓語(yǔ)+ to do (動(dòng)詞不定式表示將要做的動(dòng)作)The hurricane， with its power to si

44、nk ships and to destroy strong walls path.颶風(fēng)威力無(wú)比，它能顛覆船只、毀壞圍墻，一路風(fēng)馳電掣般來(lái)到小船前。With so many dishes to wash, I can not go with you . 有這么多盤(pán)子要洗，我不能跟你一起去。With so many p roblems to solve, the newly-elected p resident will have a hard time.有如此多的問(wèn)題要解決，這位新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)日子難熬。即時(shí)鞏固had found this little shi p in its1. （2013 湖北部分中學(xué)期末聯(lián)考）lean' t get down to my work witharound.(play)有這么多的孩子在身邊玩耍，我不能開(kāi)始認(rèn)真工作。2. (2013武漢武昌區(qū)期末聯(lián)考)With he didn 'know what to do next.(arise)隨著很多問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn)，他不知道下一步該做什么了。3.（2013