初中英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞總結(jié)(共8頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上初中英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞總結(jié)一、不定式動(dòng)詞不定式是初中英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)之一，也是每年中考英語(yǔ)試題的考點(diǎn)之一。它是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨(dú)作句子的謂語(yǔ)。其構(gòu)成形式為to 動(dòng)詞原形，to為動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào)，本身無意義。動(dòng)詞不定式具有兩大特點(diǎn)：1.具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，因此，后面可以跟表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。2.具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn)，可以在句子中用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)及同位語(yǔ)等。下面以近幾年全國(guó)部分省市的中考英語(yǔ)試題為例，對(duì)不定式的難點(diǎn)以及它在中考英語(yǔ)中的考查點(diǎn)，作一簡(jiǎn)要的總結(jié)和分析，供同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)參考。一、動(dòng)詞不定式

2、作主語(yǔ)1. It's our duty _ the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肅省)2. It's hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)3.建造這座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM(fèi)工人們一年多的時(shí)間。It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.(北京市海淀區(qū))4. It's very nice _ you to get me two t

3、ickets _ the World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)Keys： 1. A 2. C 3. take， to， build 4. B簡(jiǎn)析動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面的主語(yǔ)位置，也可以用先行詞it作形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)(不定式)置于后面。常見的句式有：(1)It is 形容詞(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is 名詞(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is 形容詞(for sb)to do sth

4、.句式(1)中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容詞，與介詞of搭配，這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)的屬性或性質(zhì)；句式(4)中常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容詞，與介詞for搭配，表示不定式表示的動(dòng)作、行為的性質(zhì)。二、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省)2. Don't forget _ your homework with you whe

5、n you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)Keys： 1. C 2. A 3. D簡(jiǎn)析在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等動(dòng)詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如果其后接形容詞補(bǔ)

6、足語(yǔ)時(shí)，則可以用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把作真正賓語(yǔ)的不定式放到后面。三、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江蘇省)2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肅省)K

7、ey： 1. B 2. C簡(jiǎn)析不定式可以用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。后面可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等。四、動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省)Key： 1. A 2. C簡(jiǎn)析go， come， t

8、ry， do / try one's best等動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后常?？梢越硬欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z(yǔ)。3. I'm sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)4. I'm sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets (甘肅省)Keys： 3. D 4.

9、B 5. A簡(jiǎn)析be 形容詞 to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式作狀語(yǔ)，常表示原因或方式。6. The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.(改為意思相同的句子)The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. (廣東省)7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. (改為意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasn't _ enough _ peop

10、le _ _ _. (廣東省)Keys： 6. is， too， small， for 7. thick， for， to， skate， on簡(jiǎn)析在上述too 形容詞/副詞(for sb)to do(太而不能)和enough (for sb) to do(足以、足夠做)結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。五、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)1. Would you like something _?A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省)2. I have a lot of homework _.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河

11、南省)3. He is not an easy man _.A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山東省)Key： 1. C 2. D 3. D簡(jiǎn)析不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，常放在被修飾的詞語(yǔ)之后，與被修飾的詞語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；如果不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞，構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞。六、不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (

12、河南省)2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel (吉林省)3. Your father is sleeping. You'd better _.A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陜西省)4. I was made _ my homework in the afternoon.A. do B. doing C. to do D.

13、 did (貴州省)Key： 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C簡(jiǎn)析1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官動(dòng)詞和make， have， let等使役動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式不帶to.但是在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式要帶to(let沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))。2.在had better后面接不帶to的不定式。七、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式1. Mr Black asked the man _ the queue.A. not to jump B. to not jumpC. didn't jump D. not jump (廣西壯族自治區(qū))2. The old man to

14、ld the child _ noisy.A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not (湖北省)3. There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late.A. have， not to be B. have， not beC. be， not to be D. be， not be (內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū))Key： 1. A 2. B 3. C簡(jiǎn)析動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符號(hào)to的前面加上not，如果是不帶to的不定式就直接在動(dòng)詞原形前面加上not.八、某些動(dòng)

15、詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的區(qū)別1. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired.A. to have B. having C. have D. has (廣西壯族自治區(qū))2. Why didn't you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me.A. take B. taking C. to take D. took (湖北省)3. Let's have a rest, shall we?Not now, I can't stop

16、 _ the letters.A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write (湖北省)4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop _ (walk). (用所給單詞的正確形式填空)(四川省)Key： 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. walking簡(jiǎn)析一些常見的動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的區(qū)別如下：stop to do sth意為停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事，stop doing sth意為停止正在做的事：remember to do sth意為記住去做某事(事還未做)，remember doing

17、 sth意為記得做過某事(事已做)：go on to do sth意為接著做某事(做完一事，接著做另一事)，go on doing sth意為繼續(xù)做某事(一事未做完接著往下做)：forget to do sth意為忘了做某事(事還未做)，forget doing sth意為忘了曾做過某事(事已做)。5. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane _ over my head.A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly (福建省)6. A woman saw it _ when she was walking pa

18、st.A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen (黑龍江省)Key： 5. B 6. A簡(jiǎn)析在see， hear， watch， feel等感官動(dòng)詞后面可接不帶to的不定式，也可接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，用不定式表示動(dòng)作的全過程(動(dòng)作已結(jié)束)，用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行(動(dòng)作尚未結(jié)束)。九、動(dòng)詞不定式的省略及其符號(hào)to的保留1. Would you like to go to the cinema with us?Yes, _. What time are we going to meet?A. I would B. I w

19、ould like C. I like to D. I'd like to (浙江省)2. Would you like to go for a picnic with us?_. What time are we going to meet?A. No, I can't B. Yes, I'm gladC. Yes, I'd love to D. I'd like (大連市)Keys： 1. D 2. C簡(jiǎn)析在口語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞不定式中的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在上下文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式可以省略，但是to不可省略。這種用法常見于be glad to，wou

20、ld like (love) to，have to等結(jié)構(gòu)中。十、動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式和其他形式The new hospital _ is near the factory.A. build B. builds C. to build D. to be built (青海省)Key： D簡(jiǎn)析當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者(賓語(yǔ))時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式，即：to be 過去分詞；如果不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前，不定式用完成式，即：to have 過去分詞；如果不定式表示的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，用不定式的進(jìn)行式，即：to be 現(xiàn)在分詞練習(xí)：1. Do

21、nt forget _ the letter.A. to send      B. send      C. sending      D. being sent2. The chair looks very old， but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit          B. sit on 

22、;    C. be sat        D. be sat on3. Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow？A. this         B. that       C. it           D. w

23、hich4. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here.A. to smoke     B. smoking   C. smokes      D. smoke5. Mother told me _ the water before I drank it.A. boiling       B. boiled    C. boil  &#

24、160;       D. to boil6. On my way home， I stopped _ some food.A. buy         B. to buy     C. buying       D. bought7. John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment.A. to wash

25、      B. washing   C. wash        D. to be washing8. The sitting-room needs _， but itll have to wait until Saturday.A. be cleaning    B. to be cleaned    C. clean      D. bein

26、g cleaned9. The first thing I want to do is _.A. visit to him   B. to visit him    C. visiting him    D. visited him10. Li Yang advised me _ too much， otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drink    B. to drink    C. not drin

27、king    D. drinking  1. A.    forget to do sth .  忘記去做某事。forget doing sth .  忘記做過某事。2. B.    sit on the chair， 其中on不能少。3. C.    it為形式主語(yǔ)。4. A.    allow sb to do5. D.    tell sb， to do6. B. &#

28、160;  stop to do  停下去做另一件事。stop doing  停止做某事。7. A.    make sb do  在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中為be made to do .8. B.    need to be done與need doing皆為“需要被做”之意。9. B.    不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)。10. A.   不定式的否定式：advise sb not to do二、動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)詞的-ing形式既包括動(dòng)名詞又包括現(xiàn)在分詞，在英語(yǔ)中使用極其廣

29、泛，因此要求每位學(xué)生對(duì)其都應(yīng)清楚了解并正確運(yùn)用。下面就動(dòng)詞的-ing形式在句中做定語(yǔ)總結(jié)如下：動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做定語(yǔ)在句中通常有兩個(gè)位置，如果是單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做定語(yǔ)，常放在被修飾詞前做前置定語(yǔ)；如果是動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)，常放在被修飾詞后做后置定語(yǔ)。如：1.He is an attacking player.他是一個(gè)攻擊型的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。2.He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一個(gè)令人難堪的問題。3.A little child learning to walk often falls.學(xué)走路的小孩常常跌跤。4.Do you know th

30、e number of people coming to the party？你知道來參加晚會(huì)的人數(shù)嗎？注意：當(dāng)-ing形式做后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以相當(dāng)于相應(yīng)的定語(yǔ)從句。如：1.A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.一位寫小說的青年昨天來向我們作報(bào)告。2.The girl sitting next to me was my cousin.The girl who was sitting next to me

31、 was my cousin.坐在我旁邊的姑娘是我表妹。-ing形式做定語(yǔ)通常從以下三方面考查，即：1)說明被修飾詞的性質(zhì)，特征或用途。如：1.They set up an operating table in a small temple.他們將手術(shù)臺(tái)架設(shè)在一座小廟里。2.He may be in the reading room，for all I know.他說不定在閱覽室里。3.Ladies and gentlemen，please go and wait in the meeting room.女士們先生們，請(qǐng)去會(huì)議室等待。2)與被修飾詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：1.The

32、re were about 200 children studying in the art school.有大約二百個(gè)孩子在這所藝術(shù)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。2.Who is the woman talking to our English teacher？正在和我們英語(yǔ)老師談話的那位婦女是誰？3)有些-ing形式已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞，常做定語(yǔ)用來修飾物，表示“令人”。常用的此類詞有：exciting，amusing，amazing，astonishing，shocking，puzzling，confusing，disappointing，discouraging，pleasing，striking，borin

33、g，tiring，touching，moving，interesting，satisfying，terrifying，frightening等。如：1.That must have been a terrifying experience.那準(zhǔn)時(shí)一段可怕的經(jīng)歷。2.The experiment was an amazing success.那項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)是一個(gè)驚人的成功。3.There is a page missing from this book.這本書缺了一頁(yè)。除了-ing形式能做定語(yǔ)外，如果-ing形式與被修飾詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，就用它的被動(dòng)式，即being done.being doing通常表

34、示正在被做，常做后置定語(yǔ)。如：1.The tall building being built now is our new school.正在被建的高樓是我們的新學(xué)校。2.The question being discussed was presented by the headmaster.正在被討論的問題是被校長(zhǎng)提出的。-ing形式做定語(yǔ)專練1.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _.A.20 dollars remainedB.20 dollars to remain C.remained 20 dol

35、larsD.remaining 20 dollars.2.The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert.A.covering B.covered C.cover D.to cover3.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ Chinese in the school，most _ were from Germany.A.study;of whom B.study;of them C.studying;of them D.studying;of

36、 whom4.The question _ at present has something important to do with our daily life.A.to be discussing B.to discuss C.been discussed D.being discussed5.China is a_country_to the third world.A.developed;belongs B.developing;belonging C.developing;belongs D.developed;belonged6.-Who is the man_to the te

37、acher？-A model worker_our school.A.talks，visits B.is talking;is visiting C.talking;visiting D.talking;visited7.How many of us_，say，a meeting that has nothing to do with us will be interested in the discussion？A.attend B.attendingC.to attend D.have attended8.The flowers_sweet in the botanic garden at

38、tract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smellingC.smelt D.to be smelt答案：D A D D B C B B 三、分詞一.概念: 分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種,是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講:1.現(xiàn)在分詞的用法： 1) 做表語(yǔ)： He was very amusing. That book was rather boring. 很多動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞都可以作表語(yǔ)： exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusin

39、g, touching, puzzling. 2) 作定語(yǔ)： 上面所出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)在分詞都可以用作定語(yǔ), 修飾一個(gè)名詞： That must have been a terrifying experience. I found him a charming person. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)還可以放在名詞的后面修飾名詞, 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句： There are a few boys swimming in the river. There is a car waiting outside. 3) 作狀語(yǔ)： 現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)可以表示一個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的次要的或伴隨的動(dòng)作： Following Tom, we sta

40、rted to climb the mountain. Opening the drawer, he took out a box. Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)還可以表示原因, 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句： Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. Being unemployed, he hasnt got much money. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)還可以表示時(shí)間, 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句： Hearing the news, they

41、all jumped with joy. Returning home, he began to do his homework. Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis. Be careful when crossing the road. Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner. Having finished her work, she went home. 4)作賓補(bǔ)： 現(xiàn)在分詞在一些動(dòng)詞之后可以做賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)： 例如, see, hear, catch, find, k

42、eep , have 等. I see him passing my house every day. I caught him stealing things in that shop. I smelt something burning.She kept him working all day.2.過去分詞的用法： 1) 作表語(yǔ)： We were so bored that we couldnt help yawning. She felt confused, and even frightened. They were very pleased with the girl. Im sat

43、isfied with your answer. He is not interested in research. 2) 作定語(yǔ)： She has a pleased look on her face. The teacher gave us a satisfied smile. cooked food a written report fried eggs boiled water frozen food armed forces required courses fallen leaves finished products a forced smile the risen sun ne

44、w arrived visitors Whats the language spoken in that country? Theyre problem left over by history. The play put on by the teachers was a big success. Is there anybody injured? Do you know the number of books ordered? 3)作狀語(yǔ)： Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent. Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year. They came in, followed by some children. Depressed, he went to see his elder sister. When treated with kindne