定語從句講解

1、英語基礎語法定語從句關系代詞：that, which, who, whom, whose, as關系副詞：when, where, why1. 關系代詞的省略問題關系代詞在定語從句中作主語，不可以省略；作賓語則可以省略。This is the man who helped me yesterday. (作主語，不可省略)This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year. (作visited的賓語，可以省略)Here is the coat which/that will be made to you. 這是一件做給你的衣服。（作主語）2

2、. whose + N = the + N + of whom/ which = of whom/ which + the + N I met a boy , whose father was an astronaut. = I met a boy , the father of whom was an astronaut. The book whose cover is very beautiful is mine.= The book of which the cover is very beautiful is mine. 3. 關系副詞的一般用法關系副詞有when, where, wh

3、y，在定語從句中作狀語，分別表示時間、地點和原因。when的先行詞通常是time, day, season, age, occasion等時間名詞；where的先行詞通常是place, city, village, house, case, situation, scenes, point等地點或情形名詞；why的先行詞只能是reason。關系副詞when和where有時可用“介詞which”代替，why可用for which代替。如： There are occasions when (=on which) you have to tell lies. Beijing is the plac

4、e where (=in which) I was born. Is this the reason why (=for which) he refused our offer?注意：先行詞雖然是時間或地點，但若在定語從句中作主語或賓語時，要用關系代詞。(1)The factory where his father worked has closed. (作狀語)比較：The factory which/that was built in 1978 has closed. (作主語)(2) Ill never forget the days when we lived together. (作

5、狀語)比較：Ill never forget the days (that) we spent in Australia. (作及物動詞spent的賓語)(3) The reason (why) she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. (作狀語，用關系副詞)比較：The reason (that) he gave for his absence was obviously made up.(作gave的賓語)4. as 在定語從句中的用法(1) 在限制性定語從句中，用在下列句式：（as在從句中作主，賓，表）so as such as the s

6、ame that / as (用as 和that含義不同) She is so nice a girl as we all like. (定從)比較：he is so nice a girl as we all like her.（結果狀從）It is such an interesting book as we all want to read. (定從)比較：It is such an interesting book as we all want to read it. （結果狀從）This is the same pan as I lost. (定從；這本書和我丟的那本一模一樣。)比較

7、：This is the same pan that I lost.（定從；這本書就是我丟的那本。）(2)在非限制性定語從句中，as引導的從句放在主句之前和之后均可，具有“正如”之意，與之搭配的動詞一般是固定的，如as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expected/as is said above/as is well known /as might be imagined/as is reported /as has been pointed As you expected, he turned up on time. / He turn

8、ed up on time, as was expected. As is said above, he has overcome the difficulty. 5. 先行詞為物，習慣上只用that不用which引導的定語從句(1)當先行詞是指物的不定代詞all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nothing, something, none, the one時，或先行詞被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修飾時。如：All that can be done has been done.

9、 He will tell you everything that he heard about it.There is little work that is fit for you. (2)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或最高級形容詞時，或者先行詞被序數(shù)詞(包括last, next)、最高級形容詞及the only, the very等修飾時。如：This is the first film that I have seen since I came here.This is the best that has been used against pollution. 這是用來防止污染的最好辦法。This

10、 is the very book that I am looking for. (3)先行詞又有人又有物。如：They often talk about the people and the things that they are interested in. (4)當主句是以who或which開頭的疑問句時，為了避免重復，多用that引導。如：Which is the house that caught fire last night? Who is the lady that is playing the piano? (5)有兩個定從，其中一個關系代詞已用which, 避免重復另一個

11、用that。如： They secretly built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution.(6)當先行詞在主句中作表語，而關系代詞也在從句中作表語時。如： Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.(7)主句以there be 開頭時。There is a seat in the corner that is still free.6. 只用which不用that引導的定語從句。(1) 在非限制性定語從句中。 （which引導的非限制

12、性定從只能放在主句之后）He has made great progress, which made us happy. (2) 作介詞賓語且指代物。 The house in which we live is not large.7.“介詞+關系代詞”引導定從(1)介詞+whom只能指人；介詞+ which只能指物。如： Look, there comes Li Lei, for whom I have waiting for an hour. Last Saturday evening, I went to Wu Dongs birthday party, in which I met a

13、 foreigner.(2)固定詞組，介詞置于后，關系代詞使用靈活。This is the child (whom /who /that) she is looking after.(3)非固定詞組，介詞位置靈活，關系代詞使用嚴格。 The man (whom /who /that) I spoke to is a friend of mine.比較：The man to whom I spoke is a friend of mine. She is the girl (who /whom /that) he played Ping-Pong with.比較：She is the girl

14、with whom he played Ping-Pong .This is the room (which /that) he was born in.比較：This is the room where /in which he was born.(4)代詞/數(shù)詞+of +關系代詞。 He has written many books, most of which are for children. We have many students, two of whom have won prizes of international competitions.8. way, reason,

15、time三個詞作先行詞要尤其注意:(1) way 作先行詞，如果在從句中作狀語，引導詞則可以用that，in which，或省略不填；如果在從句中作主語或賓語，則正常用。 The way that/ in which/省略 you solved the problem was very good. (作狀語) The way that/ which/省略 you told me was very good. (作賓語)(2) reason作先行詞，如果在從句中作狀語，引導詞則可以用why或 for which; 如果在從句中作主語或賓語，則正常用。 He gave us the reason why/ for which he was late. The reason that/ which/