動(dòng)詞不定式中考考點(diǎn)精講精練

1、動(dòng)詞不定式的用法動(dòng)詞不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式(不能作謂語(yǔ),沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,不能單獨(dú)作句子的謂語(yǔ)。其構(gòu)成形式為to+動(dòng)詞原形,to為動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào),本身無(wú)意義。動(dòng)詞不定式具有兩大特點(diǎn):1.具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn),后面可以跟表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ),構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。2.具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn),可以在句子中用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。一、作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)可位于句首(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如:To learn English well is very important.常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而將其置于句末。如It is very important to learn Eng

2、lish well. 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的常用句型有:1.It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.for sb.常用于一般的形容詞如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, exciting等。例Its very interesting for him to do this kind thing.2. It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth. of sb一般用表示人的性格,品質(zhì)或感情、態(tài)度的形容詞。如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, rude, brave, stupid, silly等。如:It

3、s really kind of you to help me .3. It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.該句型意為“做某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”。例:It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike.二、作賓語(yǔ)I 常見(jiàn)的只能跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:want, need, decide, ask, learn, hope, begin, agree, plan, refuse, seem, wish, fail,choose, manage(設(shè)法,pretend(假裝,promise(答應(yīng), expect(期

4、望 afford(付得起,例句:1.I want to take some books to the library.2.They need to plant some trees.3.I decide to do my homework at night.4.He hopes to see you soon.注意:think, find, feel, make, believe等動(dòng)詞可用于“動(dòng)詞+ it +adj. +to do sth.”句型( it作形式賓語(yǔ).例:1.I find it important to learn English well.2.I think it necess

5、ary for us to have a good rest.II 注意 1下列動(dòng)詞只能跟動(dòng)名詞(doing:enjoy喜歡,finish完成,keep保持,繼續(xù),mind 介意, practise練習(xí),miss錯(cuò)過(guò), suggest建議,consider,考慮, avoid避免, escape逃脫, imagine想象, allow允許,prevent阻止, forgive原諒.例:You should practise speaking English every day. Would you mind going with her? He enjoyed collecting stamp

6、s. You shouldnt keep thinking about it.2下列詞組只能接動(dòng)名詞:be busy (in(忙于做某事,be good at(擅長(zhǎng), give up(放棄 be afraid of(害怕,feel like(想要,be worth(值得,have difficulty/trouble (in (做某事有困難, have a good/wonderful/hard time (in, spend time (in, How/what about,thank you for, think of / about(想起,succeed in (成功 ,keep on(

7、一直,cant help(禁不住, insist on(堅(jiān)持,preventfrom(阻止, pay attention to(注意, look forward to(期望, preferto(更喜歡,be(get used to(習(xí)慣于,devote oneself to(將奉獻(xiàn)給幾個(gè)慣用的動(dòng)詞不定式:be afraid to do sth害怕干某事,be sure to do確定干某事,be pleased to do干某事高興,be happy to do干某事高興,be ready to do 準(zhǔn)備干某事(幾乎所有介詞,不管是單個(gè)介詞還是介詞詞組都可跟動(dòng)名詞.如:1.Thanks fo

8、r helping me . 2.Father gave up smoking. 3.The book is worth reading.4.I cant help laughing.5.I prefer reading to writing.6.He is used to living in the countryside.7.I am tired of working here.8.He is looking forward to visiting Beijing. III一些常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的區(qū)別如下:A. forget to do忘記去做某事(此事未做;fo

9、rget doing忘記做過(guò)某事(此事已做。B. stop to do停止、中斷(某件事,去做另一件事; stop doing停止正在做的事。C. remember to do記住去做某事(未做; remember doing記得做過(guò)某事(已做。D. try to do努力、企圖做某事; try doing試驗(yàn)、試一試某種辦法。E. go on to do sth接著做另一事; go on doing sth繼續(xù)做同一件事。F. mean to do打算,有意要 mean doing意味著。如:1. Please stop to have a rest if you feel tired.2.

10、 Why didnt you buy some bread?Sorry, I forgot to take some money with me.3. I remembered seeing him in Qindao last year.(love喜歡,hate憎恨,like喜歡,prefer更喜歡,continue繼續(xù),start, begin開(kāi)始既可接動(dòng)名詞可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)且意義相同.如:He likes to sing / singing.他喜歡唱歌. It has started to rain /raining.開(kāi)始下雨了。三、作賓補(bǔ)I 常見(jiàn)的跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:ask要求

11、,want想要,tell告訴,wish希望, like喜歡,teach教,invite邀請(qǐng),advise,建議,allow允許,order命令,encourage鼓勵(lì), warn告誡,permit允許,persuade說(shuō)服,force強(qiáng)迫,get讓,beg請(qǐng)求,require要求1.The doctor told her not to eat too much meat.2.Mother asked me not to play games.3.I wish you to go to the meeting with me.4. I invited him to come to my part

12、y.注意:不定式作賓語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)的常用動(dòng)詞有:ask, want,wish,expect,promise 等。如:I want to visit the zoo. I want him to visit the zoo.II下列動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)跟省略to的不定式作賓補(bǔ):“一感”(feel;“二聽(tīng)”(hear, listen to ;“三使”(make, let, have; “四看”(see, watch, notice, look at ;“半幫助”(help如:1.Let me help you . 2.I heard her sing in the next room just now.3.Noth

13、ing makes me stop studying .4. This afternoon I watched them play football.5.I often help mum (to clean the house.注意:但改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)后,應(yīng)補(bǔ)出省略的to。如:He was seen to break the window. III 注意(1see/watch/hear/notice /find + sb.+ do sth. “看到/聽(tīng)到/注意到/發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事”,注重看或聽(tīng)的動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程。如:I saw him come into the classroom.(2see/watc

14、h/hear/notice/find + doing sth. “看到/聽(tīng)到/注意到/發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事”,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。如:I heard her singing in the next room.四、作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ),一般放在系動(dòng)詞be, seem的后面。主語(yǔ)常是wish, idea, task, job ,aim等. 例:1.My job is to feed the animals. 2. My wish is to be a doctor.3. His uncle seems to be very happy.4.The important thing is to save

15、 time.五、作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ),應(yīng)位于所修飾詞語(yǔ)之后,即:作后置定語(yǔ)。例如:Have you got anything to eat? (to eat修飾anything,位于其后下列名詞后常接動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ):way, time , place, promise, way, wish等。如:I have a chance to meet the foreigners. There is no time to think.1.由only, first, last, next, 序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。例句:The best time to come to Chi

16、na is in spring or autumn.He is the third one to get to the top of the mountain.2、不定式做定語(yǔ)通常要放在被修飾的詞后,動(dòng)詞不定式與所修飾的名詞是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。例:I have a lot of work to do.Can you give me something to eat.I have a big house to live in.(注:如果不定式和所修飾的名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,不定式動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,則須加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如:I need a pen to write with. There are enou

17、gh chairs for them to sit on. This is an important thing to talk about.六、作狀語(yǔ)1.動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)表原因. 表示原因的不定式作狀語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)是:be + adj. + to do 常用的形容詞有:sorry, happy, sad, glad, pleased, lucky, surprised, able, angry, ready, clever, foolish, wrong, right等等。I am sorry to hear that. She is very happy to see her husband.2

18、. 動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)表結(jié)果此時(shí)常用于tooto, enough to, sothat句型相換用。例:He is too young to go to school. = He isnt old enough to go to school.=He is so young that he cant go to school.He runs so slowly that he cant catch up with her.=He runs too slowly to catch up with her.=He doesnt run quickly enough to catch up with h

19、er.注:當(dāng)主句與從句中主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí),常用for sb. 例:The box is so light that I can move it away. The box is light enough for me to move away.3.動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)表目的,常常與for連接的表示目的的介詞短語(yǔ)相換用。例:I will go to the shop to buy a pen.=I will go to the shop for a pen.She went home to have breakfast.=She went home for breakfast.在表示目的時(shí),還可以用in

20、 order to(句尾或句首和so as to (一般不放在句首。如:He got up early in order to/so as to catch the early bus.注意:目的狀語(yǔ)從句so that /in order that可以簡(jiǎn)化為不定式in order to do 如:I got up early in order to catch the first bus.I got up early so that /in order that I could catch the first bus.動(dòng)詞不定式需要注意的問(wèn)題一、不定式的符號(hào)to 在一些特殊情況下經(jīng)常省略:1.

21、常見(jiàn)的有“一感,二聽(tīng),三讓,四看,半幫助”幾種情況。即feel sb do sth; listen to/ hear sb do; make/ let/ have sb do sth; look at/ see/ watch/ notice sb do sth;help sb (todo sth 如:I often hear her sing songs in her room.注意:1若表示“看到/聽(tīng)到/感覺(jué)到某人正在做某事”,則用see/ hear/ feel sb doing sth. 如:I can hear someone singing in the next room now.2

22、在使動(dòng)詞中g(shù)et除外(get sb. to do sth. 如:Miss Li got Tom to clean the room. 2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(除ought外后跟動(dòng)詞原形。They ought to come tomorrow.他們明天應(yīng)當(dāng)來(lái)。She cant speak to you. Shall I talk to him? They must leave before 10.3. would rather(not.寧可(不;寧愿(不 ; had better(not.句型后跟動(dòng)詞原形。We had better take some warm clothes. Youd better

23、 not play games every day.I would rather not tell you. Id rather do some reading this morning.4.動(dòng)詞不定式作介詞but, except的賓語(yǔ),當(dāng)前面的主要?jiǎng)釉~為do時(shí),省to。He did nothing but watch TV today. He wants to do nothing but go out.5.當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式并列時(shí),第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式加to,后面的動(dòng)詞不定式省to。I want to visit him and ask for some help. Id like to

24、lie down and go to sleep .6.Why not+動(dòng)詞原形為什么不? Why not have a rest?二、疑問(wèn)詞+不定式疑問(wèn)代詞“who, whom, what, which, whose”和疑問(wèn)副詞“when, where, how”。常放在know, see, decide, tell, ask, explain, forget, learn, remember, wonder, understand等后面構(gòu)成“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”。作句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。1.作主語(yǔ)(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式 Where to go is still a question.2.作

25、賓語(yǔ)Ill show you how to do it. I asked her how to learn English“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”可以把復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)為簡(jiǎn)單句。如:I dont know what Ill do next. = I dont know what to do next.I dont know which one I can buy .I dont know which one to buy.3.作表語(yǔ)The problem is where to find him.三、不定式的否定式和被動(dòng)式1.不定式的否定式是將not或never置于不定式之前,構(gòu)成not to do 或ne

26、ver to do 的形式。注意not和never一定要放在不定式符號(hào)to的前面,而不是其后面。如: I promise never to smoke again. He asked the boy not to play games.He pretended not to see me. He warned the young man not to drive after drinking.2.不定式主動(dòng)式的基本形式是to do,不定式被動(dòng)式的基本形式則是to be done。如:There are 20 more trees to be planted. Your shoes need t

27、o be washed.注:下列情況常用不定式的主動(dòng)來(lái)表示被動(dòng)的含義:1. 在“形容詞+ 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)和定語(yǔ)時(shí),其中形容詞多為表示性質(zhì)的詞,如:easy, hard, good, difficult, interesting等。如:These apples are good to eat.2. 在too.to.結(jié)構(gòu)中3. 在“疑問(wèn)代詞+ 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中。動(dòng)詞不定式精選練習(xí)題單項(xiàng)選擇1. Its our duty _ the room every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans2. Dont forget _ your h

28、omework with you when you come to school.A. to bringB. bringingC. to takeD. taking3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep4. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help himB. to help him withC. to help withD. helps him

29、 with5. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cookB. cooksC. to cookD. cooked6. She went _ her teacher. A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing7. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learnB. learningC. to learnD. learns8. Im sorry _ that. A. hears B. h

30、earing C. hear D. to hear9. Im sorry _ you. A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled10.The first thing I want to do is _.A. visit to himB. to visit himC. visiting himD. visited him11.Would you like something _? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks12. I have a lot of homework _.A. do B

31、. doing C. did D. to do13. He is not an easy man _.A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with14. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs. A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered15. So much work usually makes them _very tired. A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel16.Your father is

32、 sleeping. Youd better _.A. not wake up himB. not to wake up himC. not wake him upD. not to wake him up17. I was made _ my homework in the afternoon. A. do B. doing C. to do D. did18. Mr Black asked the man _ the queue.A. not to jumpB. to not jumpC. didnt jumpD. not jump19. The old man told the chil

33、d _noisy. A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not20.There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late.A. have, not to beB. have, not beC. be,not to beD. be, not be21. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired. A. to have B. having C. have D. has22.Why didnt you buy some bread o

34、n your way home?Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me. A. take B. taking C. to take D. took23. Lets have a rest, shall we? Not now, I cant stop _ the letters.A. writeB. to writeC. writingD. and write24. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane _ over my head.A. fliesB. flyingC. flewD. to fly25.

35、 A woman saw it _ when she was walking past.A. happenB. happensC. happeningD. to happen26. -Would you like to go to the cinema with us?-Yes, _. What time are we going to meet?A. I wouldB. I would likeC. I like toD. Id like to 27.The new hospital _ is near the factory.A. buildB. buildsC. to buildD. t

36、o be built28.Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _by his little sister. A. cry;to cry B. crying;crying C. cry;cry D. to cry;cry29. “ Have you decided when _?”“ Yes, tomorrow morning.”A. to leaveB. to be leavingC. will you leaveD. are you leaving30. She pretended _ me when

37、 I passed by.A. not to seeB. not seeingC. to not seeD. having not seen31. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by theside of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest32. He was too excited _. A. speak B. to speak C. not to speak D. speaking33. Is _ necessary to

38、 return the book tomorrow? A. this B. that C. it D. which34. - I usually go there by train.- Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try goingB. trying to goC. to try and goD. try going35. She did nothing _ at the photo.A. except lookB. but to lookC. except to lookD. but looking36. I prefer _ rather than _.A. read;watchB. to read;watchC. reading;to wa