主謂一致 (3)

1、語法互動語法互動(十二十二)主謂一致主謂一致考點一就近一致原則 (即謂語的單、復數取決于離謂語最近的主語的單、復數形式。)1there be句型當主語是系列事物時，謂語與鄰近的主語保持一致。There _ a table and two chairs in the room. 房間里有一張桌子和兩把椅子。There _ two chairs and a table in the room.房間里有兩把椅子和一張桌子。is are 2由eitheror， neithernor， not onlybut also等詞連接并列主語時，謂語動詞跟鄰近的主語保持一致。如：Neither you nor

2、he _ right. 你和他都不對。Either you or I must leave.不是你就是我必須離開。Not only he but also I _. 不僅他被邀請了我也被邀請了。 is am invited 考點二意義一致原則 (即主、謂語在意義上保持一致關系。)1表示時間、金錢、距離、重量、長度等的復數名詞作主語時，通常被看做一個整體，謂語動詞用單數。如：Twenty years _ since he left his hometown.他離開家鄉(xiāng)有二十年了。Ten dollars _ enough. 十美元足夠了。2以s結尾的名詞(news, maths, physics)

3、本身不表示復數意義，謂語動詞通常用單數形式。如：I dont think the news in the newspaper _ true. 我認為報紙上的這條消息不是真的。has passed is is Maths _ very hard.數學不是很難。3“the形容詞”(表示一類人，the poor, the rich, the old, the young等)用作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。如：The old _ taken good care of in this area.這個地區(qū)的老人被照顧得很好。4family, class, team, group等集體名詞作主語時，若指一個整體

4、，謂語動詞用單數；若指具體成員，謂語動詞用復數。如：Class 5 _ the best class in this school.五班是這所學校最好的班級。(整體)Class 5 _ the winners. isnt are is are 五班是勝利者。(具體成員)5people, police等集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。如：The police _ the missing child.警察正在尋找那個失蹤的孩子。The Chinese people are very friendly.中國人很友好。6“a number of ”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數； “the number

5、of”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。如：The number of the students in our class _ 50.are looking for is 我們班學生的數量是五十個。A number of players _ from Japan.一些隊員來自日本。7當主語是同位語時，謂語動詞要根據同位語的單復數來確定；但用連詞and連接的主語是復數。如：Mr Wang, my maths teacher，_ forty years old. 王先生，也就是我的數學老師，40歲了。8all, some, none, most, any, the rest、分數或百分數等代詞作主語時，若

6、指復數概念，謂語動詞用復數；若指單數概念，則謂語動詞用單數。如：are/come is Some of the work _ by me. 一些工作是由我做的。Some of the students _. 一些學生學習很努力。9由and連接的并列主語，如果描述同一個人或同一種事物時，其后的謂語動詞用單數形式。如：There is a knife and fork on the table.桌上有一副刀叉。The writer and singer has come to our school.那位作家兼歌手來過我們學校。 was done work hard 考點三語法一致原則 (即主、謂語

7、在語法形式上保持一致。) 1介詞或介詞短語作插入語主語后有with/together with/as well as/without/including/besides/except/but等引導的短語作插入語時，謂語動詞要與主語一致而與插入語無關。如：Mary with her mother _ now. 瑪麗正在和她媽媽一起購物。All the students，including Tom，_ going to the park. 所有的學生包括湯姆在內都要去公園。is shopping are 2非謂語動詞(不定式、動名詞等)短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數。如：Doing a lo

8、t of practice is a good way to improve your English. 做大量練習是提高你英語的好方法。What I need _ a good book. 我需要的是一本好書。3不定代詞作主語不定代詞something, anything, nothing, everyone, anybody, nobody, each, neither, either, little, much, one等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。如：Someone _ waiting for you. 有人在等你。Neither of the answers _ right. 兩個

9、答案都不對。is is is 4常以復數形式出現的名詞作主語名詞shoes, classes, clothes, trousers等作主語時，謂語動詞必須用復數。但是，如果這些名詞被a pair of 修飾時，謂語動詞需用單數。如：The shoes are under the bed.鞋子在床下面。A pair of shoes _under the bed.床下面有一雙鞋子。is 5在定語從句中，關系代詞that, who, which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與先行詞的數保持一致。如：This is the boy who _to see you.這就是想要見你的男孩。The boys

10、 who are playing football there _my best friends.正在那兒踢足球的那些男孩是我的好朋友。 wants are 考點過關用所給詞的適當形式填空1There _(be) some beef on the plate.2Not only you but also she _(have) been to Paris.3Every day a number of people _(come) to the park. The number of them _(be) about 700.4Fifty dollars _(be) enough.5The rich _ (be) not always rich.is has come is is are 6Nobody _(like) to be criticized.7Betty with her parents _ (be) goin