關(guān)于溫度控制系統(tǒng)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的外文翻譯

1、Thermo Tank Temperature Control System Based On STM32Biao QIU(···· , Shi-guang LI(····, Zheng-zhong GAO(····, Xu ZHANG(····, Yu RUI(····(School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Univ

2、ersity of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, ChinaAbstract-this paper introduced a thermo tank temperature control system based on STM32, Firstly, the temperature acquisition is realized by the high-precision electrical bridge based on constant current source. Then the augmented PID algorithm r

3、ealized by software is adopted Butterworth filter is used to convert the output PWM of STM32 to current signal which is used to control the semiconductor control rectifier to adjust the temperature. Calibration check and practical application both indicated that the system was reliable, high-precisi

4、on, practicable and could meet reality needs.Key words-STM32; thermo tank; temperature acquisition; PIDManuscriptNumber:1674-8042(201101-0064-03Dio: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8042.2011.01.161 introductionThermo tank can be divided into low temperature thermo tank and high temperature thermo tank according

5、 to temperature range. Heating control thermo tank is one kind of high temperature thermo tank and has a wide range of applications in industrial, medical and scientific areas. As some special thermo tank control system require high precision in temperature acquisition and control, the system design

6、ed in this paper can measure temperatures from 16to 80and its precision is superior to ±0.05. As ARM is gradually occupying the microelectronics market for its powerful function and low cost, it is of important practical significance and value to design a temperature control system based on ARM

7、 with high precision, simple structure and low cost. 2 Basic control principles of thermo tankIn this system, temperature acquisition of the inner thermo tank is realized by using platinum resistance as temperature sensor and bridge circuit based on constant current source. Then compare the actual t

8、emperature with the temperature set by touch screen. By using augmented PID algorithm to adjust, STM32 outputs 16-bit PWM signals. Then convert PWM signal to voltage signal to control the conduction angle of Semiconductor Control Rectifier(SCR which controls the heating tubes. System control princip

9、le is shown in Fig.1.Considering the system accuracy and stability requirements, features of this system include: powerful and high speed ARM STM32F103 as the controller, augmented PID algorithm, and full use of on-chip resources of microcomputer such as ADC, USART and 16-bit PWM output for great co

10、ntrol accuracy.Fig 1 System control principle3 hardware designThis system includes temperature acquisition bridge circuit, STM32F103, color LCD touch screen control circuit, filtering circuit and SCR. In addition, the system has a good man-machine interaction function and can realize real-time monit

11、oring and control by using 5.6 inches color LCD and touch screen. Temperature control system structure is shown in Fig.2.Fig 2 System structure3.1 temperature acquisition and A/D conversionAmong the thermal resistance temperature sensors, platinum resistance, with advantage as high precision, stable

12、 performance, corrosion resistance and easy to use, is the ideal temperature acquisition component widely used in industrial environments and control systems. As the temperature acquisition range is 16to 80, Pt1000 is chosen as temperature sensor, which resistance changes with temperature according

13、to certain rules and has good high precision and stable performance.Unbalanced bridge measurement is typical in detect circuits using platinum resistance as temperature sensors1. However, the nonlinearity between platinum resistance and temperature and nonlinearity of unbalanced bridge lead to acqui

14、sition error, thus we improved the temperature acquisition bridge circuit. Use constant current source to power the bridge, connect the two bridge arms with precise operational amplifier that is low noise and low temperature drift, use 4DH2 to constitute constant current source circuit which outputs

15、 0.5 A current, thus the current in platinum resistance is equal to constant current source.The ADC of STM32F103 is used to convert analog voltage of temperature into digital signal. The 12-bit ADC is a successive approximation analog-to-digital converter and has the function of self-calibration. D/

16、D conversion of each channel can be performed in single, continuous, scan or discontinuous mode, and in this system we use continuous mode. The result of ADC is stored in right-aligned 16-bit data register which improves the conversion speed. In addition, the analog watchdog feature allows the appli

17、cation to detect if the input voltage goes outside the user-defined high or low thresholds.3.2 TM32F103 on-chip resourcesTM32F103 can work in -40105and this meets the requirements of industrial environment. It incorporate the high performance ARM Cortex-M3 32-bits RISC core operating at a 72 MHz fre

18、quency, high speed embedded memories (Flash memory up to 128Kbytes and SRAM up to 20Kbytes to store data and program, and an extensive range of enhanced I/Os, most of which have alternate functions and peripherals connected to two APB buses. It has three general purpose 16-bit timers plus two watchd

19、ogs, as well as standard and advanced communication interface USART used to communicate with LCD2. More importantly, it offers two 12-bit ADCs with 1s conversion speed which make it suit for fast acquisition and fast processing. It is one of the important reasons for this system to choose TM32F103 a

20、s the core controller.3.3 Filtering and conversion circuitsIn order to realize the convention from PWM signal to analog output, we use the second order low pass filter to filter out the high frequency components and keep DC component and changing duty cycle of PWM signal so that the analog voltage o

21、utput is got then. Fig.3 shows the designed Butterworth filter. After filtering, convert P WM signal to 02.5 V to control thyristor conduction angle3. Thus we realized the precise control of heating temperature.Fig 3 Butterworth filter4 Software design4.1PID control algorithmThis system uses PID con

22、trol algorithm which is a basic control method widely used in industrial process control method widely used in industrial process control. Augmented PID control algorithm4 isu k - u k- 1 = K P ( e k - e k- 1 + K 1 e k + K D ( e k - 2e k- 1 + e k- 2 .However, if this algorithm was used directly, it c

23、ould generate a lare overshoot and cause integral saturation easily when starup, stop or adjust substantially. In order to inhibit the emergence of this phenomenon, we use integral separation as an improvement.Integral separation won't work until actual temperature is approaching the settings. W

24、hen it works, it can eliminate static error and improve precision5. Block diagram of integral separation PID is shown in Fig.4.Fig 4 Integral separate PID algorithm block diagram4.2 Touch screen software designIt makes human-computer interface much more friendly, more convenient and faster by using

25、touch screen. Use dedicated control chip ADS7843 to connect AMT9532, four-wire resistive touch screen, withSTM32F103, process the touch screen signals6. Touch screen's software design flow chart is shown in Fig.5. Fig 5 Touch screen flow chartUse standard thermometer with 0.001precision as calib

26、ration to check the experimental results. Specific methods: set different temperatures within the appropriate range though touch screen, wait until the temperatures shown in the LCD are stable, then calculate the errors based on the actual temperature of standard thermometer with formula:Error=|set-

27、actual|/set.The check results are shown in Tab.1. Tab.1 Calibration results6 conclusionBy using 16-bit PWM output, simple filtering circuit conversion circuit, software design and floating-point operations, this system realized 16-bit D/A. Conversion which is very hard for common MCU to realize.The

28、system temperature range is 680and the resolution of 16-bit control signal could reach to 10. The experimentalresults show that the system definitely can reach the control requirement that temperature accuracy is better than ±0.05. The application shows that this system has the real-time, flexi

29、ble, stable high-precision, and low cost advantages, and can meet the industrial requirements of high accuracy, high stability and reliability.References1 Zhaojun Li, Ping Ji, Xiangguang Lou, 2007, Design of high precision temperature control system. Electronic Measurement Technology. (2: 146-148.2

30、ST Microelectronics Corporation, 2007. STM32F103XX Data sheet.3 Dayong Xia, Xiaohui Zhou, Zeng Zhao, Bofeng Chen, Endian Hu,2007. Temperature control system of single-chip of model MCS-51. Industrial Instrumentation & Automation, (1:43-47.4 Lin Wu, Enping Lou, Dongqing Hou, Liang Xu, 2006, Wirel

31、ess temperature and humidity control system based on PID arithmetic. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 27(21:619-620.5 Y an Zhao, Guangzhi Y ang, 2006. Automatic measuring system in constant temperature for oxygen content based on singlechip. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, s1.6 So

32、ngmei Zhang, Junkai Liang, Longji Liu, 2008. Deign of thermo tank temperature control system based on C8051F. Electronic Measurement Technology, 31(9: 147-149.基于STM32的恒溫箱溫度控制系統(tǒng)摘要這篇文章介紹了一個(gè)基于STM32的恒溫箱溫度控制系統(tǒng),首先,由基于常流源的高精度電橋獲取溫度,然后,由軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)的擴(kuò)充型PID算法在這里得到應(yīng)用,使用巴特沃茲濾波器(最平坦濾波器將STM32輸出的PWM轉(zhuǎn)換成電流信號(hào)來(lái)控制半導(dǎo)體整流器從而調(diào)節(jié)溫度

33、,校準(zhǔn)檢測(cè)和實(shí)際應(yīng)用都表明這個(gè)系統(tǒng)可靠、精度高、可行性好,并且能夠滿足現(xiàn)實(shí)需要。關(guān)鍵字STM32;恒溫箱;溫度獲取;PID。原稿編號(hào):1674-8042-(201101-0064-03Dio:10.3964/j.issn.1674-8042.2011.01.161 引言根據(jù)溫度范圍,恒溫箱分為低溫箱和高溫箱兩種,加熱控制恒溫箱是一種高溫恒溫箱,并且它在工業(yè)、醫(yī)療和科學(xué)領(lǐng)域有著廣泛的應(yīng)用,因?yàn)橐恍┨厥夂銣叵淇刂葡到y(tǒng)在溫度測(cè)量及控制方面都要求很高的精度,所以這篇文章中所設(shè)計(jì)的系統(tǒng)能夠測(cè)量1618的溫度,并且它的精度高于±0.05。ARM因其強(qiáng)大的功能和低成本的優(yōu)點(diǎn)正逐漸占領(lǐng)微電子市場(chǎng),也

34、正因如此,設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)基于ARM的高精、簡(jiǎn)單結(jié)構(gòu)和低成本的溫度控制系統(tǒng)便具有重要的實(shí)際意義和價(jià)值。2恒溫箱控制的基本原理在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中,為獲取恒溫箱內(nèi)部的溫度,使用鉑絲電阻作為溫度傳感器和基于常流源的橋式電路。然后,將實(shí)際溫度與通過(guò)觸摸屏設(shè)定的溫度作比較。通過(guò)使用擴(kuò)充型PID算法來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)STM32輸出的16比特脈沖寬度調(diào)制信號(hào),然后將PWM信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成電壓信號(hào)來(lái)控制半導(dǎo)體控制整流器(SCR的導(dǎo)通角,從而控制加熱管,系統(tǒng)控制原理示于圖1 圖1 系統(tǒng)控制原理3硬件設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)系統(tǒng)包括溫度獲取橋式電路、STM32F103、彩色LCD觸摸屏控制電路、濾波電路和SCRC (半導(dǎo)體控制整流器,另外,這個(gè)系統(tǒng)使用5.6英

35、寸彩色LCD和觸摸屏,有著優(yōu)良的人機(jī)交互功能,并且能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)和控制。溫度控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)示于圖2圖 2 系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) 3.1 溫度獲取和模擬/數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換 在所有的熱敏電阻溫度傳感器中，鉑絲電阻因其高精度、穩(wěn)定性好、耐腐蝕以及易于使用的 優(yōu)點(diǎn)而成為理想的溫度獲取原件并在工業(yè)環(huán)境和控制系統(tǒng)中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。 基于測(cè)溫范 圍為 1618，Pt1000 的組織依確定關(guān)系隨溫度的變化而變化，并且精度高、穩(wěn)定性好， 所以選擇它作為溫度傳感器。 在以鉑絲電阻作為溫度傳感器的測(cè)量電路中，非平衡橋測(cè)量時(shí)一種典型應(yīng)用。然而，鉑絲電 阻的阻值與溫度之間的非線性關(guān)系以及非平衡橋的非線性性會(huì)導(dǎo)致獲取值出錯(cuò)， 因此， 我們

36、 改進(jìn)了溫度測(cè)量橋式電路。 使用常電流源給電橋供電， 使用具有低噪聲和低溫漂的高精度可 操作放大器連接兩個(gè)網(wǎng)橋，使用 4DH2 組建恒流源以輸出 0.5A 電流，因此，流經(jīng)鉑絲電阻 的電流等效于恒流源。 STM32F103 中的 ADC 用來(lái)將溫度的模擬電壓值轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字信號(hào)，這個(gè) 12 比特 ADC 是一 個(gè)連續(xù)近似模擬到數(shù)字的轉(zhuǎn)換器，并且具有自我校準(zhǔn)功能。每個(gè)通道的 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換均可工作 在獨(dú)立、連續(xù)掃描或不連續(xù)模式下，而在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中，我們使用連續(xù)模式，ADC 的轉(zhuǎn)換值 存儲(chǔ)在右排 16 比特?cái)?shù)據(jù)寄存器中，從而提高了轉(zhuǎn)換速度，另外，模擬監(jiān)測(cè)機(jī)構(gòu)能夠在輸入 電壓超過(guò)用戶定義的高門限或低門限時(shí)進(jìn)

37、行監(jiān)測(cè)。 3.2TM32F103 片上資源 TM32F103 能夠工作在-40105的溫度范圍內(nèi)，這符合工業(yè)環(huán)境的要求，它整合了工作 頻率為 72MHz 的高性能 ARM Cortex-M3 32 比特 RSIC 核心、 用來(lái)存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和程序的告訴嵌 入式存儲(chǔ)器（高達(dá) 128K 字節(jié)的閃存和高達(dá) 20K 字節(jié)的 SRAM 靜態(tài)只讀存儲(chǔ)器）以及更多 增強(qiáng)的 I/O 口，這些接口中的大部分可以工作在不同功能下并且具有連接到 2 個(gè) APB 總線 的外圍設(shè)備。它包含 3 個(gè)通用 16 字節(jié)定時(shí)器，附加兩個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)器。另外還有用來(lái)與 LCD 進(jìn)行 通信的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型和增強(qiáng)型交流交互 OSART，更重要的是，它提供 2 個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)換速度為 1 S 的 12