初中定語從句講解練習及答案

1、一、定義：在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語（動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語和分詞短語）或句子，漢語中常用的表示。主要由形容詞擔任，止匕外，名回，及社，教也，分回，副詞,不定式以及介詞短語也可以來擔任,也可以由一個句子來擔任。單詞作定語時通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語。短語和從句作定語時則放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語。定語從句是指在一個句子中作定語的句子，定語從句要放在所修飾的詞后。如：1）Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2） Youmustdoeverythi

2、ngthatIdo.上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導定語從句的詞有關系代詞that,which,who（賓格who,所有格whose邢關系副詞where,whenwhy關系詞常有三個作用：1、引導定語從句2、代替先行詞3、在定語從句中擔當一個成分二、關系代詞引導的定語從句1 .who指人，在從句中做主語(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2 .whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，?？墒÷?/p>

3、。(1) Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：關系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略,(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3 .which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略(1) Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主語)(2) Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做賓語)4 .that指人時,相當于who或者whom;指物時，相當于which。在賓語

4、從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。5 5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.在句子中做主語)6 6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做賓語)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語(1) Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2) Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物時，常用以下結構來代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=

5、Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?注：that用法(1)不用that的情況(a)在引導非限定性定語從句時。(錯)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.(b)介詞后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwe

6、getourfoodfrom.(2)只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況(a)在therebe句型中，只用that,不用which。(b)在不定代詞，如：anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行詞時，只用that,不用which(c)先行詞有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修飾時，只用that。(d)先行詞為序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that,不能用which(e)先行詞既有人，又有物時。先行詞指物，在主句中作表語時.(g)為了避免重復.(h)先行詞是theway或thereason時，that可作關系副詞，也可省略(

7、i)主句的主語是疑問詞who/which時舉例：Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?這是你在圖書館借的那本書嗎？Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished.誰打碎了窗戶都要受到懲罰.Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油問題。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。三、關系副詞引導定語從句關系副詞關系副詞：在句中作狀語關系副詞=介詞+關系代詞why=forwhichwhe

8、re=in/at/on/.which(介詞同先行詞搭配)when=during/on/in/.which(介詞同先行詞搭酉己)1. where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語用來表示地點的定語從句。(1) ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2) ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.2. when引導定語從句表示時間。在定語從句中做時間狀語也可做連接詞用(1) IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2) Thetimewhenwegottogetherf

9、inallycame.that引導注表示時間“time詞的定語從句只用when引導，有時不用任何關系代詞，當然也不用BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.到你到達倫敦的時候，我們在那里已經待了兩個星期。IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然記得我第一次見到她。Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrush。etc每一次他去出差，他帶來了生活必需品，如毛巾，

10、肥皂，牙刷等，很多。3. why指原因在定語從句中做原因狀語(1) Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2) Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：關系副詞引導的從句可以由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的從句替換(1) Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2) Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.注：

11、1)介詞后面的關系代詞不能省略。2)that前不能有介詞。3)某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的"介詞+關系詞"結構可以同關系副詞when,where和why互換ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisisthereasonforw

12、hichhecamelate.15練習（一）請分析一下定語從句：（請劃出定語從句，并標出先行詞）1. CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.2. AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.3. Youcouldntundstearndpeoplewhotalkedfast.4. Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.5. Theysaidsomethingyoudidntlike.6. Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?8. He

13、wouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.9. MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.10. Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?12. Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.13. Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.14. Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknow

14、doingthis,youcanaskthem.15. AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.二、用關系代詞填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1. Thisisthemanwantstoseeyou.2. ThestudentansweredthequestionisZhangHua.3. Themanyouwenttoseehascome.4. ThemanImetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5. Thewomanyousawisourgeographyteacher.6. Therunneryouareaskingabou

15、tisoverthere.7. ThepersonyoushouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8. Themanwaspassingbysawwhathappened.9. Hereisthepenyoulostthedaybeforeyesterday.10. Thesebooksyoulentmewereveryuseful.11. ThestorybookIhavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12. Aclockisamachinetellspeoplethetime.13. ThisisshirtIboughtyesterday.14. Ad

16、ictionaryisabookgivesthemeaningtotheword.15. Thebookisonthetableismine.16. Thefilmtheyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.17. IwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplacesIhaveevervisited.18. IsthereanyonefamilyisinBeijing?19. Showmetheboymotherisawell-knownsinger.20. TheboyfatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.三、單項

17、選擇21. )1.YourteacherofChineseisayoungladycomesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose22. )2.Whatsthenameoftheprogram.A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningtoC.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening()3.Thestudentswereallinterestedyoutoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything()4.He

18、wastheonlypersoninhisofficewasinvited.A. whomB. whoseC. thatD. which()5.Thisisthemuseumwevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat()6.Charlietoldhismotherallhadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who()7.Doyouknowthestudent?A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk()8.Iliket

19、hehousewindowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.whosC.it'sD.its()9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary?A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit()10.TheyoungwomanIspokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that練習（二）1. Donttalkaboutsuchthingsofyouarenotsure.A.whichB.whatC.asD.thoset be found.5. Thewo

20、lveshidthemselvesintheplacescouldnA.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat6. Thefreezingpointisthetemperaturewaterchangesintoice.A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat7. Thisbookwillshowyoucanbeusedinothercontexts.A.howyouhaveobservedB.whatyouhaveobservedC.thatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobserved8. Thereasonis

21、heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether9. Illtellyouhetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which10. Thattree,branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich11. Ihaveboughtthesamedresssheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what12. Hefailedintheexamination,madehisf

22、atherveryangry.A.whichB.itC.thatD.what13. Weretalkingaboutthepianoandthepianistwereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that14. ThegirlanEnglishsonginthenextroomisTomssister.A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging15. Thosenotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.A.learnB.

23、whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn16. Anyonethisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst17. Didntyouseetheman?A.InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnowC.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow18. Canyoulendmethenoveltheotherday?A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD

24、.youtalkedabout19. Isthereanythingtoyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs20. “Howdoyoulikethebook?”“ItsquitedifferentfromIreadlastmonth.”A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat21. Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexceptwhohadalreadytakenthem.A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers22. Thetrainshewastravellingwaslate.A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat23. Hehaslostthekeytot