Lab土壤細(xì)菌的分離與純化ppt課件

1、一 教學(xué)要求 經(jīng)過(guò)從土壤中分別純化細(xì)菌，初步掌握微生物的分別純化方法和無(wú)菌操作技術(shù)。二實(shí)驗(yàn)原理 - 常用的分別純化方法 microorganisms exist in nature as mixed populations. However, to study microorganisms in the laboratory we must have them in the form of a pure culture, that is, one in which all organisms are descendants of the same organism. 單細(xì)胞挑取法 簡(jiǎn)易單細(xì)胞挑

2、取法 micromanipulator 平板分別法 streak plate method The most common way of separating bacterial cells on the agar surface to obtain isolated colonies is the streak plate method. It provides a simple and rapid method of diluting the sample by mechanical means. As the loop is streaked across the agar surfac

3、e, more and more bacteria are rubbed off until individual separated organisms are deposited on the agar. After incubation, the area at the beginning of the streak pattern will show confluent growth, while the area near the end of the pattern should show discrete colonies. pour plate method Another m

4、ethod of separating bacteria is the pour plate method. With the pour plate method, the bacteria are mixed with melted agar until evenly distributed and separated throughout the liquid. The melted agar is then poured into an empty plate and allowed to solidify. After incubation, discrete bacterial co

5、lonies can then be found growing both on the agar and in the agar. spread plate method The spin plate method involves diluting the bacterial sample in tubes of sterile water, saline, or broth. Small samples of the diluted bacteria are then pipetted onto the surface of agar plates. A sterile, bent-gl

6、ass rod is then used to spread the bacteria evenly over the entire agar surface. l金黃色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus)和普通變形菌(Proteus vulgaris)斜面菌種。l已滅菌的牛肉膏、高氏1號(hào)、土豆蔗糖培育各1瓶，49.5 mL 無(wú)菌水帶玻璃珠1 瓶、4.5 mL無(wú)菌水6 管、80%乙酸、10%酚酸、95% 乙醇。l無(wú)菌培育皿12套、1 mL無(wú)菌移液管10 支、土壤樣品、天平等。四 操作步驟 制備土壤稀釋液 傾注平板培育 接種和分別工具1接種針 2.接種環(huán) 3.接種鉤 4.5.玻璃涂棒 6.接種圈 7.接種鋤 8.小解剖刀 挑菌落isolation plate移接斜面常用的接種方法劃線接種點(diǎn)接種穿刺接種涂布接種液體接種注射接種斜面接種時(shí)的無(wú)菌操作(1)接種滅菌 (2)開啟棉塞 (3)管口滅菌 (4)挑起菌苔 (5)接種 (6)塞好棉塞純化平板劃線法倒平板劃線培育挑菌落純種純培育 平板劃線分別的方法平板劃線分別的方法1.斜線法斜線法 2.曲線法曲線法 3.方格法方