高中英語必修五第一單元知識點課件

1、nJohn Snow was a well-known _in London in the _ century. He wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it. In 1854 when a cholera _ out, he began to gather information. He _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died. S

2、o he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was _.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokemarkedpumpsourceexamineddealingdefeated復(fù)習(xí)總動員復(fù)習(xí)總動員Warming upknow about 了解有關(guān)了解有關(guān).的情況的情況know

3、of 聽說過聽說過有些事我想了解一下有些事我想了解一下. There is something I want to know about .我聽說過那件事我聽說過那件事, 但不很清楚但不很清楚.I know of it , but I didnt know it well.1.知識袋袋庫知識袋袋庫2. characteristic adj. 獨特的，特有的獨特的，特有的 n特征，特性特征，特性 eg. genetic characteristics 遺傳特征遺傳特征ncharacter n性格；特征；人物，角色；性格；特征；人物，角色；ncharacterize v是是的特征；描述的特征；描述

4、的特的特征征ncharacterless adj.無特色的；平凡的無特色的；平凡的 區(qū)別區(qū)別future 和和characteristicnKindness is one of his _.nMy car doesnt have special _. characteristicsfutures3. put forward: bring up, come up with eg: nHe put forward some useful advice at the meeting. nWe put forward Tom as monitor. 推薦推薦nThe meeting has been

5、put forward to 2:00 pm. 提前提前提出提出nAn interesting suggestion for measuring the atmosphere around Mars has been _. Aput forwardBput down C. put up D. put aside 【解析】【解析】 有人提出一個有趣的建議有人提出一個有趣的建議 【答案】【答案】 A考題練練看考題練練看nput aside _nput away _nput off _nput on _nput down _nput out _nput up _nput up with _ 儲蓄儲蓄

6、備用備用把把收拾起來收拾起來 推遲推遲 穿上，戴上；上演，演出穿上，戴上；上演，演出 舉起；粘貼；建立，建設(shè)舉起；粘貼；建立，建設(shè) 忍受忍受 放下放下?lián)錅鐡錅?火火)思維泡泡堂思維泡泡堂nConsidering your salary，you should be able to _ at least twenty dollars a week. Aput forward Bput up Cput out Dput asiden【解析】句意為“就你的工資而言，每周你應(yīng)至少存20美元”。put forward提出；put up張貼；put out撲滅；put aside儲存。n【答案】D考題練練看

7、考題練練看Pre-reading4. conclude vt/vicome to a close_eg: The meeting concluded at 8:00 pm. She concluded her speech with a poem. She concluded her speech by reading a poem. 歸納總結(jié)：歸納總結(jié)：(使使)結(jié)束結(jié)束, 終止終止decide sth as a result of what you see or hear _eg. What can you conclude from these facts? After waiting f

8、or half an hour，I concluded that he wouldnt come at all. 等了半個小時后，我斷定他不會來了。等了半個小時后，我斷定他不會來了。推斷出推斷出, ,得出結(jié)論得出結(jié)論歸納總結(jié)歸納總結(jié): nn. conclusion 結(jié)論，結(jié)束結(jié)論，結(jié)束 * arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion _eg: It was difficult to draw a conclusion because the situation was complex.* in conclusion _ =in a word, to su

9、m up eg: In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.得出結(jié)論得出結(jié)論 總之總之 思維袋袋庫思維袋袋庫nAnn seems to be upset. Whats up?nShe _ from the voice on the line that her mother is not satisfied with her test scores. AincludesBconcludes Csuggests Dcontains 【解析】下句意為：她根據(jù)電話中的聲音判定母親對她的考試成績不滿意。

10、 【答案】B考題練練看考題練練看Reading5. defeat vt. to win against sb in the a war, competition,sports game _ to be difficult for sb _n. failure to win _eg: The army defeated the enemy in the end.Tom suffered defeat in the English examination.The problem has defeated me and I cant solve it.打敗，打敗， 戰(zhàn)勝戰(zhàn)勝 失敗，挫折失敗，挫折 難

11、倒，使困惑難倒，使困惑 辨析：辨析：defeat/ beat/ winnHe can easily _ me at golf.nHe didnt _ the election.nHe was _ in the election. defeat 戰(zhàn)勝，擊敗。含義廣泛，指在戰(zhàn)爭、戰(zhàn)勝，擊敗。含義廣泛，指在戰(zhàn)爭、辯論、爭斗、競選或比賽中擊敗對方，獲得辯論、爭斗、競選或比賽中擊敗對方，獲得勝利。勝利。賓語是對手賓語是對手。 beat 表示表示“戰(zhàn)勝，擊敗和難倒戰(zhàn)勝，擊敗和難倒”時可與時可與defeat 互換互換;另外還可以表示另外還可以表示“擊打，擊打，(心臟心臟)跳動跳動”等等含義。含義。 win

12、后只接后只接事或物事或物（比賽、辯論、戰(zhàn)斗、獎（比賽、辯論、戰(zhàn)斗、獎品、錢）品、錢） 不能是對手。不能是對手。 defeated/beatenbeat/defeatwinnLin Dan _ her competitor and got the first place in the game. Awon Bdefeat Cbeat Dhit 【解析】“擊敗對手”可用beat或defeat，但由got可知，空白處應(yīng)用過去時，若選B，則應(yīng)為defeated。 【答案】C考題練練看考題練練看6. attend v be present at; take care of _ attend to sb/

13、sth: to deal with sb/sth; to take care of sb/sth _eg: nHe attended the meeting yesterday.nI have some urgent business to attend to.出席出席,參加參加;照顧照顧,護(hù)理護(hù)理處理處理,應(yīng)付應(yīng)付; 照顧照顧,護(hù)理護(hù)理nThe coach asked his staff to _ the large group of journalists waiting for him to announce his training plans. Aadapt to Battend t

14、o Crefer to Dappeal to 【解析】【解析】 adapt to意為“適應(yīng)”，attend to 意為“注意，關(guān)心，料理”，refer to 意為“涉及”，appeal to 意為“向呼吁，求助于”。整句話意為“教練要求他的隊員去照應(yīng)一下那一大群等著他公布訓(xùn)練計劃的新聞記者們”?？碱}練練看考題練練看【答案【答案 】 B區(qū)別區(qū)別attend/join/join in/take part innWould you like to _ us in the basket game? A. attend B. join C. join in D. take part in考題練練看考題練

15、練看【答案】【答案】 Bnattend正式用語，參加嚴(yán)肅的活動，如會議，聽課，演講會議，聽課，演講。njoin加入某一組織組織，成為其中成員。njoin(sb.)in sth./doing和某人某人一起進(jìn)行一項具體的活動，多指正在進(jìn)行的正在進(jìn)行的活動活動。ntake part in參加活動，是一般用語。思維袋袋庫思維袋袋庫7. expose vt. show sth hidden; tell the truth _ 曝光曝光; 暴露暴露; 揭露揭露expose sth/sb to sth _ 暴露；顯露暴露；顯露 expose sb as _ 揭露某人揭露某人eg: Dont expose y

16、ourself to the sun for too long. Youll get sunburned.n_ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed【解析】【解析】 動名詞的被動式做主語。動名詞的被動式做主語?！敬鸢浮俊敬鸢浮?C考題練練看考題練練看Sentence 1. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.人們既不知道其起因

17、，又不知道它的治療方法人們既不知道其起因，又不知道它的治療方法。nneither.nor.既不既不，也不，也不 ，連接句，連接句中兩個相同成分中兩個相同成分,表全部否定。表全部否定。nNeither my father nor I was there. 我父親和我都不在那里。我父親和我都不在那里。nneithernor, eitheror, not onlybut also 連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與離它最近的那個主語的數(shù)保持一致。符合主謂一致中的就近原則就近原則。nNeither he nor I am a student.nEither Mary or her brothers a

18、re to blame for the fault.nNot only the teacher but also his students like playing football.思維袋袋庫思維袋袋庫(2009年湖南卷年湖南卷)nEither you or your one of your students _ to attend the meeting. A. are B. is C. have D. be【答案】【答案】 B考題練練看考題練練看8. When I left hospital I was completed cured. Is there a certain cure f

19、or cancer yet? cure :_vt.治愈，治療；治愈，治療；n.療法，治療藥療法，治療藥 cure sb. of 治好治好(病、惡習(xí)等病、惡習(xí)等)a cure for 治療治療的方法的方法n辨析：辨析：treat與與cure Has the doctor _ her illness? No，he _ her but didnt _ her. Acured; treated; treat Bcured; cured; treat Ctreated the old woman for; treated; cure Dcured the old woman of; treated; c

20、uren解析：cure “治愈治愈” 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。 cure sb of sth treat “治療治療” 強(qiáng)調(diào)過程。強(qiáng)調(diào)過程。 treat sb for sthn答案：D思維袋袋庫思維袋袋庫Sentence 2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. nevery time 在這里是連詞，引導(dǎo)時間在這里是連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為狀語從句，意為“每次，每當(dāng)每次，每當(dāng)” ne.g. Every time I hear that song, I feel happy. 每

21、次聽到那首歌，我都感到非常開心。每次聽到那首歌，我都感到非常開心。n(2009年云南玉溪模擬年云南玉溪模擬)_you talk to someone or write a message，you show your skills to others. AAt times BSome time CEvery time DThe time【解析】句意為：每次你與別人交談或?qū)懶畔?，你都向別人展示你的技能。every time是名詞詞組用做連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句?！敬鸢浮緾考題練練看考題練練看n注意注意: immediately, the moment/the minute, directly, in

22、stantly 等與等與 every time一樣，都可以用作連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從一樣，都可以用作連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為句，意為 “一一.就就”。如：。如：nI will give the letter to him immediately/ the moment /directly/instantly I see him.n另外另外the first time (第一次第一次)，next time( 下下次次)，last time (上次上次) 都可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語都可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。從句。思維袋袋庫思維袋袋庫(2009年陜西卷)nThis is the first time we _

23、a film in the cinema together as a family. Asee Bhad seen Csaw Dhave seen【解析】“This/It is the序數(shù)詞time +that 從句”為固定句型， 如果前面用is，從句動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時；如果用was，則用過去完成時。 ?！敬鸢浮緿考題練練看考題練練看9. challenge n/vt 挑戰(zhàn)挑戰(zhàn)eg: (1)opportunity and challenge 機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)擴(kuò)展：擴(kuò)展：face a challenge 面臨挑戰(zhàn)面臨挑戰(zhàn) meet a challenge 接受挑戰(zhàn)接受挑戰(zhàn) challengin

24、g adj. 具有挑戰(zhàn)性的具有挑戰(zhàn)性的10. suggest v. 建議；暗示，表明 suggest+doing sth/ sth. / that-clausen 他建議我們參觀長城。他建議我們參觀長城。nHe suggested visiting the Great Wall.nHe suggested that we (should) visit the Great Wall. suggest (暗示，表明暗示，表明)+從句不用虛擬語從句不用虛擬語氣。氣。nThe smile on her face suggested that she agreed with me. 11. absorb

25、 vt. 吸收(液體、氣體)；吸引，使 、專心nThe cream is easily absorbed into the skin.這種乳霜容易被皮膚吸收。這種乳霜容易被皮膚吸收。nI was so absorbed in this book that I didnt hear you come in.歸納總結(jié)：歸納總結(jié)：nIt is very quiet in the classroom. The students are all _reading books. Aabsorbed Babsorbed in Cabsorbing in Dabsorb 【解析】【解析】本題意為：教室里很安靜

26、，學(xué)生們在本題意為：教室里很安靜，學(xué)生們在全心全意讀書。全心全意讀書。be absorbed in doing sth.專專心做某事。心做某事。 【答案】【答案】B考題練練看考題練練看nThe writer was so _ in her work that she didnt notice him enter the room. Aabandoned Bfocused Cabsorbed Dcentered 【解析】【解析】 be absorbed in 全神貫在全神貫在； focus sb on sth 使使專注于專注于 【答案】【答案】 C考題練練看考題練練看12. suspect v.

27、 認(rèn)為、懷疑認(rèn)為、懷疑eg: I suspected the truth of her statement.* suspect sb of doing sth 懷疑某人做懷疑某人做某事某事* suspect sbsth to be 懷疑懷疑是是eg: He had suspected her of telling a lie to me. 13. blame vt consider or say that sb is responsible for sth _eg: Please dont blame me.nblame sb for sthdoing sth _nblame sth on s

28、b _nbe to blame_責(zé)備、譴責(zé)責(zé)備、譴責(zé) 責(zé)備某人做某事責(zé)備某人做某事 把某事歸咎于某人把某事歸咎于某人 (某人某人/某物某物)該受指責(zé)該受指責(zé) n 過失、責(zé)備過失、責(zé)備Its not fair that you should get the blame.nDont always _ your own failure _ others. Sometimes you yourself _. Ablame；on；are to be blamed Bblame；for；are to blame Cblame；on；are to blame Dblame；for；are to be bla

29、med 【解析】【解析】歸咎于某人；歸咎于某人；be to blame該受該受責(zé)備，要用主動式表被動意義。責(zé)備，要用主動式表被動意義。 【答案】【答案】C考題練練看考題練練看nThe mother who lost her son insisted that the careless driver _ for the traffic accident _ yesterday. Awas to blame; happening Bbe to blame; happening Cbe blamed; was happened Dwas to blame; had happened【解析】 本題意為

30、：失去兒子的母親本題意為：失去兒子的母親堅持認(rèn)為堅持認(rèn)為粗心的司機(jī)應(yīng)該為昨天發(fā)生的交通事故負(fù)責(zé)。粗心的司機(jī)應(yīng)該為昨天發(fā)生的交通事故負(fù)責(zé)。【答案】 A考題練練看考題練練看n(2006年安徽卷年安徽卷)Mr Green stood up in defence of (為為辯護(hù)辯護(hù))the 16yearold boy，saying that he was not the one _. Ablamed Bblaming Cto blame Dto be blamed【解析】【解析】he was not the one to blame意為意為“他不是那個應(yīng)該受責(zé)備的人他不是那個應(yīng)該受責(zé)備的人”。【答案

31、】【答案】C考題練練看考題練練看n(2006年福建卷年福建卷)_for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits. ABlaming BBlamed CTo blame DTo be blamed【解析】本題考查非謂語動詞的用法。句意為：本題考查非謂語動詞的用法。句意為：Alice因為電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障被責(zé)備，情緒很低落。因為電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)故障被責(zé)備，情緒很低落。非謂語形式用做原因狀語，主語是這個動作的非謂語形式用做原因狀語，主語是這個動作的承受者，故用過去分詞承受者，故用過去分詞blamed。D項項to b

32、e blamed有將要的意味。有將要的意味。【答案】B考題練練看考題練練看Sentence 3It seemed that the water was to blame.看來霍亂的流行要歸罪于飲水了?？磥砘魜y的流行要歸罪于飲水了。nbe+動詞不定式，可以表示該做或不該做的動詞不定式，可以表示該做或不該做的事情，相當(dāng)于事情，相當(dāng)于must, should, ought to 等。等。nYou are not to be late again.14. look into調(diào)查，研究; nThe police are now looking into the matter.警方正在調(diào)查這件事。警方正在

33、調(diào)查這件事。nlook back 回顧，回首回顧，回首nlook down upon 蔑視蔑視nlook over檢查，查看檢查，查看nlook on 旁觀旁觀nlook through匆匆瀏覽匆匆瀏覽nlook up 查閱，查找查閱，查找15. Handle vt deal with, operate _ n. part of a tool, cup, bucket door etc, by which it may be held, carried or controlled_eg: nDo you know how to handle the computer?處理處理 操作操作把手把手

34、16. link vt&n connect or put together two or more pieces連接；聯(lián)系連接；聯(lián)系 nlink to (常用被動常用被動,表狀態(tài)表狀態(tài))= connect with _nlink up (with) _eg: Blood in his shirt linked him to the crime. A new freeway(高速公路高速公路) will be built to link up our city with Wuhan.把把與與連接連接/聯(lián)系起來聯(lián)系起來 連接，結(jié)合連接，結(jié)合 17. announce vt make sth

35、 known publicly 宣布宣布 通告通告eg: nYao Ming announced in his hometown that he has retired from NBA.歸納總結(jié)：歸納總結(jié)： announcethat-clause辨析：announce與declarenThe result of this examination will be _ tomorrow. Apublished Bdeclared Cannounced Dopened【解析】【解析】 announce強(qiáng)調(diào)正式地強(qiáng)調(diào)正式地“公開、發(fā)表、宣布公開、發(fā)表、宣布”， 側(cè)重預(yù)告人們所關(guān)心或感興趣的事情；側(cè)重

36、預(yù)告人們所關(guān)心或感興趣的事情； declare指正式而明確地向公眾指正式而明確地向公眾“宣布，宣告，宣布，宣告， 聲明聲明”，側(cè)重當(dāng)眾發(fā)表，多用于宣判、會議、，側(cè)重當(dāng)眾發(fā)表，多用于宣判、會議、宣宣 戰(zhàn)等。戰(zhàn)等。C思維袋袋庫思維袋袋庫【答案】18. instruct v teach；order,direct 教，教，教授；指示，命令，吩咐教授；指示，命令，吩咐ninstruct sb in sth 教授某人教授某人ninstruct sb to do sth 命令命令/吩咐某人去做某事吩咐某人去做某事eg: nHe instructs a class in history.nIve been i

37、nstructed to wait here until the lecturer arrives.nMr Smith decided to hire a teacher to _ his son in English. Ateach Bintroduce Cinstruct Ddirect【答案】：【答案】：C考題練練看考題練練看Learning about language19. contribute vt.& vi.捐款；貢獻(xiàn)；捐款；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助捐助ncontributeto _eg: He contributed his life to helping the poor. He

38、contributed his article to China Daily.ncontribute to _eg: Various factors contributed to his failure.捐助、捐獻(xiàn)捐助、捐獻(xiàn); 投稿投稿導(dǎo)致，促成；有助于導(dǎo)致，促成；有助于 Practice: Many people _ money _ the poor boy, which _ his returning to school. A writer wrote a story about this and _ it _ a newspaper. contributedtocontributed t

39、ocontributedto考題練練看考題練練看nTo be honest，my carelessness _ a lot to my failure. Acontributed Bdonated Cprovided Doffered 【解析】句意為：說實話，我的失敗主句意為：說實話，我的失敗主要是因為我的粗心大意。要是因為我的粗心大意。contribute to導(dǎo)致。導(dǎo)致。donate捐獻(xiàn)；捐獻(xiàn)；provide提供；提供；offer(主動主動)提供。提供。 【答案】A考題練練看考題練練看nn. contribution 貢獻(xiàn)貢獻(xiàn)nmake great contributions to 對對有

40、貢獻(xiàn)有貢獻(xiàn)思維袋袋庫思維袋袋庫20. apart from 除除之外（既有相加又有之外（既有相加又有相減的含義）相減的含義）eg: nApart from my parents, I have no one to believe in. (相減相減)nApart from the cost, we need to think about how much time the job will take.、(相加相加)辨析辨析besides except apart fromexcept forn1. besides: “除了除了之外（還有）之外（還有）”(相加相加) There will be

41、five of us for dinner, besides John.n2. except: “除除之外之外”; (相減相減) whenthatif I cycle to work, except when I rains.n3. except for 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體很好，就一點不好，強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)整體很好，就一點不好，強(qiáng)調(diào) 前后名詞性質(zhì)不同前后名詞性質(zhì)不同。 His composition is good except for a spelling mistake.思維袋袋庫思維袋袋庫nLi Long is a good student _ his laziness. A. except B. bes

42、ides C. except for D. but【解析】【解析】 李紅是個好學(xué)生，就是有點懶。李紅是個好學(xué)生，就是有點懶。屬于整體很好，就一點不好。屬于整體很好，就一點不好。【答案】【答案】 C考題練練看考題練練看Using LanguageReading and Writing21. strict adj. 嚴(yán)厲的；嚴(yán)格的；嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膰?yán)厲的；嚴(yán)格的；嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)?Mr. Liu is a strict teacher.nbe strict with sb 對某人要求嚴(yán)格對某人要求嚴(yán)格nbe strict aboutin doing 對某事、做對某事、做某事要求嚴(yán)格某事要求嚴(yán)格eg: nThe Whi

43、tes are very _ their children.nThe hospital is quite _visiting hours.strict withstrict about22. make sense 有意義、講得通有意義、講得通; 是明智作是明智作法。法。 (不及物動詞短語不及物動詞短語)eg: Your story doesnt make sense to me.nIt makes sense for sb to do sth. 對某對某人來說做某事是明智的人來說做某事是明智的eg: It makes sense to save money while you can.nmake sense of 理解、明白理解、明白eg: Can you make sense of this poem?nIt doesnt make _ to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good. Asense Bopinion Cuse Ddifference 注意：注意： make no difference沒有影響，沒什么不沒有影響，沒什么不同同 make (full) use of (充分充分)利用利用 A 考題練練看考題練練看23. cautious adj. 謹(jǐn)慎的，小心的nbe ca