在復合句中用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句

1、在復合句中用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句1語序無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句， 賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序， 即“主句連詞+賓語從句（主語+謂語+）”句式。根據連接詞在從句中所擔任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：1）連接詞+謂語。 連接詞在從句中作主語。 常見的連接詞有： who ，what ，which 等。如：，please ？你能告訴我誰知道老Could you tell me who knows the answer答案嗎？The small children don't know what is in their stockings這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西？2）連接詞+名詞+謂語。

2、 連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有：whose ， what ，which ，how many ，how much 等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他問我們班上誰的書法最好The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room師問我們房間里有多少人。3）連接詞主語謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有： who （m ），what ，which ，how many ，how much ， when ，why ， how ，wh

3、ere ，if whether （在句中不充當任何成分）等。如：He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money？你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎？4）連接詞名詞主語謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常 見的連接詞有： what ，which ，how many ， how much ，how 等。如：Do you know which class he is in？你知道他在哪個班嗎？She asked m

4、e if I knew whose pen it was她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。2連接詞1）當由陳述句充當賓語從句時，用 that 引導， that 無詞義，在口語或非 正式文體中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper他說他會在晚飯前完成工作。2）當由一般疑問句充當賓語從句時， 用 if 或 whether 引導，意為“是否”如：I don't know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。但在下列情況下只能

5、用 whether ：往往用 whether (if - or not也可以使用）。如：Let me know whether/ if he will come or not.(= Let me knowwhether or not he will come）讓我知道他是否能來。I don't know whether/ if he does any washi ng or not.(= I don't在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時，尤其是直接與or not連用時,know whether or not he does any washing )我不知道他洗不洗衣服。

6、I wonder whether we stay or whether wego在介詞之后用 whether 。如：我不知道我們是去還是留I'm interested in whether he likes English我關心的是他是否喜歡英語We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我們正在考慮是否能按時完成這項工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我擔心是否傷了她的感情 在不定式前用 whether 。如：He hasn't decided

7、 whether to visit the old man 他尚未決定是否拜訪 那位老人。I don't know whether to go 我不知去否。He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train 他還未決定是乘 公共汽車去還是坐火車去。 whether置于句首時，不能換用if。如：Whether this is true or not ， I can't say 這是否真的我說不上來。 引導主語從句和表語從句時宜用whether 。如：Whether she will come or not is still

8、 a question她是否能來還是個問題。The question is whether we can catch the bus 問題是我們能否趕上公 共汽車。 若用 if 會引起歧義時，則用 whether 。如：Please let me know if you like the book 可理解為：aPlease let me know whether you like the book請告訴我你是否喜 歡這本書b If you like the book ， please let me know 你如果喜歡這本書，請 告訴我。3）如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的特殊疑問詞

9、引導。如：Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning ？ 你能告訴我今天早上你為什么開會遲到嗎？3時態(tài)含賓語從句的復合句，主、從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)呼應應包括以下三點內容：1）如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時，從句的謂語動詞可根據需要，選用 相應的任何時態(tài)。如：I don't know when he will come back 我不知道他將何時回來。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday 他告訴我他姐姐昨天 回來了。2）如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時，

10、賓語從句的謂語動詞只可根據需要，選 用過去時態(tài)即一般過去時、 過去進行時、過去將來時或過去完成時的某一種形式。 如： The childre n did n't kn ow who he was.孩子們不知道他是誰。.他問他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生 He asked his father how it happe ned3）如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現象或習慣性動作等，不管主句用什么時態(tài)，從句時態(tài)都用一般現在時。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun 老師說地球繞著 太陽轉。、/ I -、+:4注意：if

11、 和 when 既可以引導賓語從句， 也可以引導狀語從句， 應注意它們在兩種 從句中的意思和用法的不同。 if 和 when 引導賓語從句時，分別意為“是否”和 “何時”，其時態(tài)應和主句時態(tài)相呼應；它們引導狀語從句時，意思分別為“如 果，假如”和“當時候”，當主句時態(tài)是一般將來時時，其時態(tài)用一般現在 時。它們常常放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題干中進行綜合考查。如： Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什 么時候回來嗎？ Sorry ， I don't know When he comes back ， I'll

12、tell you 對不起， 不知道。當他回來了，我將告訴你。 I don't know if he will come 我不知道他是否會來。He will come if it doesn't rain 如果不下雨，他會來的。簡化賓語從句常用六法同學們常會遇到把含有賓語從句的復合句轉化為簡單句， 使其與原句意思相同（或相近）的試題。下面就介紹幾種常用的簡化賓語從句的方法：方法一：當主句謂語動詞是 hope ， decide ， wish ， choose ，agree ，promise 等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為不定式結構。例如：Li Ming ho

13、pes he will be back very soon.f Li Ming hopes to beback very soon.We decided that we would help him.fWe decided to help him.方法二：當主句謂語動詞是 know ， learn ， remember ， forget ， tell 等動詞，且主句主語與從句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞 + 不定 式”結構。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window.fShe hasforgotten how to open the

14、 window.注：當主句謂語動詞是 tell ， ask， show ， teach 等動詞，且后帶 雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞 + 不定式”結 構。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ f Could you tell方法三：當主句的謂語動詞是 order （命令）， require （需要）等時， 如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化為“名詞（代詞） + 不定式”結 構。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.f Th

15、eheadmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些動詞后的賓語從句，可以用介詞加動名詞（短語）等其他 形式簡化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us.fHe insisted on goingwith us.The poor boy doesn't know when and where he was born. fThe poor boy doesn't know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些動詞后面的賓語從句可轉化為“賓語 +V-in

16、g 形式（作賓 語補足語）”結構。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.fLiu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：動詞 seem 后的賓語從句，也可以用不定式（短語）來簡化， 但句型需要進行適當的變化。例如：to win.除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉化。例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well.fI found itdifficult to learn English well.S

17、oon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.fSoon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. fThey found the box very heavy初中英語賓語從句語法專項精選試題習題（一）1 The girls asked if they some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catheri

18、ne said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. had B. has . C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the mo

19、on_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled 答案:1-5 A D C B C習題（二）1 Can you tell me_ you were born, BettyA. who B. what C. when D. that2 I don't know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where3 I hardly understand. _ he has told me.A. that B. wha

20、t C. which D. who4 She didn't know_ back soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be5. I don't know he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D. when6. Do you know they listened to yesterday eveningA. what B when C why D how7. He asked me told me the

21、accident.A whom B which C who D whose答案:1-7 C B B A A A C 習題（三）1. They don't know their parents are.A that B what C why D which2. Please tell me what last year.A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C whereyour sister works D where your sister worked3. She asked me if I knew

22、 .A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it4. You must remember .A. what your mother said B. what did your mother sayC. your mother said what D. what has your mother said5 Did you know A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking forC. who he is looking for D

23、. who he is looking after6 Could you tell me _A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing 答案:1-6 B D B A A C習題（四）1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper WhoMoved My Cheese was an interesting book. （北京市東城區(qū) ）

24、A. that B. how C. whatD. if2. I don't know Mr. Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English. （杭州市 ）A. why B. when C. how D. where3. We never know the old m an is.They say he is a teacher. （ 鄂州市 ）A. what B. who C. which D. where4. I was told Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play

25、withcomputers. （ 重慶市 ）A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when5. Do you know I'm going to see him. Sorry, I don't know. （ 北京市海淀區(qū) ）A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li liveC. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived6. W here do you think he the computer Sorry, I have no idea

26、. （ 南京市 ）A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy重慶市）7. I don't feel very well. Mum asked me this morning. （A. what the matter is B. what is wrongC. what the matter was D. what wrong was8. Where is Jack He is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, bu

27、t I'm not sure . （ 南昌市 ）A. that B. which C. where D. there 答案:14 D A A D 5 8 C A C C 考察的三個要點：語序，時態(tài)，關聯詞。1. 定義：用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。2. 構成：關聯詞 + 簡單句。3 賓語從句的語序一定是陳述句語序。 （who 作主語的從句本身就是陳述句 語序）4 賓語從句在復合句中作主句的賓語，連接賓語從句的連詞有 that（that 在口語中常省略 ）。 whether ，if ，和連接代詞 what ， which ， who ， whom 及連接副詞 when ， where ， h

28、ow ， why 。He knew（that） he should study hard. 他知道他應該努力學習。Can you tell me which class you are in?您能告訴我，您在哪一班嗎 ?He asked me if he could come in ，他問我他是否能進來。5. 引導賓語從句的關聯詞有三類：（1）從屬連詞 that. 如：一般那情況下可以省略。He told us that he felt ill.I know he has returned.注： that 在引導賓語從句時也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況 下， that 不能省略。1.

29、 Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.（and連接兩個賓語從句，that賓語從句放在and的后面時，that不能省略。）2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.（that 引導的賓語從句作介詞賓語時， that 不能省略。 ）3. That he ever said such a thing I simply don 't believe.（that 從句位于 句首時， that 不可省略。 ）我簡直不相信他曾說過這樣的

30、話(2) 從屬連詞 if/whether. 如：I doubt whether he will succeed.I don ' t know if you can help me.(3) 連接代詞 who ，whom ，whose ，what ，which ，whoever ，whatever ， whichever連接副詞 where ，when ， how ， why.Who or what he was ，Martin never learned.I wonder what he ' s writing to me about.I' ll tell you why

31、 I asked you to come.1.如果賓語從句后還有賓語補足語， 則用 it 作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置。We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.He has made it clear that he will not give in.2. 某些形容詞或過去分詞后常接賓語從句，這類形容詞或過去分詞有sure ，glad ，certain ，pleased ，happy ，afraid ，surprised ，satisfied 等，連詞 that可省略。I am not sure what I ou

32、ght to do.I' m afraid you don 't understand what I said.I' m surprised that I didn't see all that before.Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.3. 連詞whether ( -or not)或if引導的賓語從句if 和 whether 引導的賓語從句可以互換使用，但 whether 常和 or not 連用，if 一般不與 or not 連用。如：I wonder whether i

33、t is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。用 if 引導賓語從句如果會引起歧義，應避免使用 if 而用 wheter. 試比較：Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.if 從句可理解為賓語從句， 意為“請告訴我你是否想去” ;此句又可理解為條 件狀語從句意為“如果你想去的話，請告訴我一聲”。4. 賓語從句的否定轉移。在 think ，believe ，suppose ，expect 等動詞后 的賓語從句，有時謂語盡管是否定意思，卻不用否定形式，而將 think 等

34、動詞變 為否定形式。如：I don ' t think you are right.I don ' t believe they have finished their work yet.I don ' t suppose he cares ， does he? 我想他不在意，是嗎 ?5. 賓語從句的時態(tài)變化規(guī)律：主句 從句一般現在時 可根據需要用任何時態(tài)。一般過去時 過去的某種時態(tài)，例如：一般過去，過去進行，過去完成，過 去將來等注意：說到自然現象和普遍真理時，用一般現在時The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.3 賓語從句應注意的問題1.時態(tài)的一致 （主句的時態(tài)與從句的時態(tài)一致 ） a. 賓語從句中如果主句是現在 的時態(tài) （包括一般現在時、現在進行時、現在完成時 ），從句的時態(tài)可根據實際情 況而定。I know he lives here. 我知道他住在這兒。I know he lived here ten years ago.我知道他十年前住在這兒I have heard that he will come