2019屆高三語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)&語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)：動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間及其當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)的對(duì)應(yīng)叫時(shí)態(tài)。動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不同，其狀態(tài)形式就不同。時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成（以do為例）基本用法常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間搭配1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/ does表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理；現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段的情況或狀態(tài)等。The bus leaves at 5 oclock.sometimes, often, always, at, on Sunday, every +2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)did表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)、過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表過(guò)去等。He usually went to school by bike when

2、 he was a student.yesterday (morning/ afternoon/ evening), last week/ year/ week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)will do表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。I will ask him for help.tomorrow(morning/ afternoon/ evening), next Friday, in two weeks4.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would do常用于賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)中；從過(guò)去的觀點(diǎn)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)等。They as

3、ked the boss if they would carry out the plan soon.多用在間接引語(yǔ)中表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作以后的動(dòng)作5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is/ am/ are + doing表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生的事等。I am doing my homework now.now6.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/ were + doing表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；按計(jì)劃過(guò)去某時(shí)刻要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作等。I was shopping with my family.At 8 oclock yesterday, from 9 to 10 last evening, be doingw

4、hen7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/ have done表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果；過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。I have made much progress in math in the last three months.For, since, so far, ever, never, yet, up to now, in the past years, recently8.過(guò)去完成時(shí)had done表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作或時(shí)間前就已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即指“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。I had finished the task before you called me.before

5、/ by+過(guò)去的時(shí)間/動(dòng)作【注】1.動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：一般直接加-s，例want-wants； s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾，加-es，例teach-teaches；輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，改y為i再加-es，例study-studies。2.現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：一般直接加-ing，例study-studying；以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾，去e加-ing，例live-living；輔音字母+元音字母+輔音字母結(jié)尾，且為重讀音節(jié)時(shí)，需雙寫最后的輔音字母再加-ing，例begin-beginning；以-ie結(jié)尾的詞，變ie為y，再加-ing，例die-dying。3.動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則

6、：一般直接加-ed，例want-wanted；以e結(jié)尾只加-d，例live-lived；輔音字母+y結(jié)尾，改y為i再加-ed，例study-studied；輔音字母+元音字母+輔音字母結(jié)尾，且為重讀音節(jié)時(shí)，需雙寫最后的輔音字母再加-ed，例stop-stopped；不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞另記。語(yǔ)態(tài)：在表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)（即主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)），謂語(yǔ)的形式稱為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)，或者需要突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，就用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式（以do為例）主動(dòng)被動(dòng)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/ doesis/ am/ are + done2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)didwas/ were + done

7、3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)will dowill be + done4.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would dowould be done5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is/ am/ are + doingis/ am/ are + being done6.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/ were + doingwas/ were + being done7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/ have donehas/ have been done8.過(guò)去完成時(shí)had donehad been done【做題方法】 1）辨明主動(dòng)被動(dòng)； 2）找時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)； 3）找已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)； 4）注意一些特定句式的時(shí)態(tài)要求?！净A(chǔ)練】1. Light (travel) fa

8、ster than sound.2. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he (be) too busy.3. The work (finish) in ten days.4. He told me he (arrive) on Monday morning, but he never appeared.5. Look! They (play) basketball on the playground.6. I first met Tom ten years ago. He (work) in a TV factory at that time.7

9、. Many bridges (build) over the river since 1949.8. When I got there, I was told that he (go) to Shanghai.By the end of last year, we (learn) at least 3,000 English words.【提升練】20182012年高考題（改編）單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)1. （2018 全國(guó)一，64）While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it _(be) more

10、 effective at lengthening life2. （2018全國(guó)一卷，短文改錯(cuò)）During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. 3. （2018全國(guó)二卷, 61）Since 2011, the country _ （grow）more corn than rice.4. （2018全國(guó)二卷, 68）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds tha

11、t between 2005-when the government _ (start) a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers- and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 5. （2018全國(guó)二卷, 短文改錯(cuò)）I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.6. （2018全國(guó)三卷，69）when the goril

12、las and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal _(mean) me no real harm. 7. （2018全國(guó)三卷, 短文改錯(cuò)）It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. 8. （2018全國(guó)三卷, 短文改錯(cuò)）At that moment, I remembered that my father once said

13、, “The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.”9. （2017全國(guó)一卷，64）When fat and salt _(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 10. （2017全國(guó)一卷，67）Fast food _ (be) full of fat and salt.11. （2017全國(guó)一卷, 短文改錯(cuò)）Before getting int

14、o the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, but once I started the car, my goes blank.12. （2017全國(guó)二卷，65）Steam engines _(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great

15、 success13. （2017全國(guó)二卷，68）Later, engineers _(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels, which became known as the Tube. 14. （2017全國(guó)二卷, 短文改錯(cuò)）When the summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!15. （2017全國(guó)三卷，63）Sarah _ (tell) that she could be Britains new

16、 supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.16. （2017全國(guó)三卷，69）But at the moment, school _(come) first. 17. （2017全國(guó)三卷, 短文改錯(cuò)）I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.18. （2017全國(guó)三卷, 短文改錯(cuò)）（改兩處錯(cuò)誤）About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second yea

17、r of high school and become a new member of the school music club. 19. (2016·全國(guó)，62)I_(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.20. (2016·全國(guó)，短文改錯(cuò))Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. 21. (2016·全國(guó)，43)Leaving t

18、he less important things until tomorrow _(be) often acceptable.22. (2016·全國(guó)，42)Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might _(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.23. (2016·全國(guó)，49)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _(be) too vi

19、olent for use at the table.24. (2015·全國(guó)，61)It was raining lightly when I_(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.25. (2015·全國(guó)，67)Yangshuo_(be) really beautiful.26. (2015·全國(guó)，短文改錯(cuò))I think I would be happy there.27. (2015·全國(guó)，短文改錯(cuò))Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has

20、 already become a very serious problem.28. (2015·全國(guó)，短文改錯(cuò))We must found ways to protect our environment.29. (2015·全國(guó)，68)This cycle_(go) day after day.30. (2015·全國(guó)，短文改錯(cuò))Tony was scared and begun to cry.31. (2015·全國(guó)，短文改錯(cuò))A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.

21、32. (2014·全國(guó)大綱，22)Unless extra money_(find), the theatre will close.33. (2014·全國(guó)大綱，32)The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody _(see) them since.34. (2014·全國(guó)大綱，短文改錯(cuò))The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trust each other.35. (2014·全國(guó)，61)

22、It_(be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.36. (2014·全國(guó)，短文改錯(cuò))Since thenfor all these yearswe had been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please.37. (2014·全國(guó)，65)A boy on a bike _ (catch) my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.38. (2014·全國(guó)，短文改錯(cuò))My

23、dream school look like a big garden.39. (2014·全國(guó)，短文改錯(cuò))We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the lake listening music.40. (2013·全國(guó)大綱，27)We_(leave)very early so we packed the night before.41. (2013·全國(guó)大綱，短文改錯(cuò))At home my father often thinks Im silly.He said if I decide to do somethin

24、g, it takes him much time to stop me.42. (2013·全國(guó)，24)If we_(not act)now to protect the environment, well live to regret it.43. (2013·全國(guó)，27)When I first met Bryan I didnt like him, but I_(change)my mind.44. (2013·全國(guó)，短文改錯(cuò))I was only four when she passes away.45. (2013·全國(guó)，短文改錯(cuò))Tea i

25、n China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.46. (2012·全國(guó)，23)“Life is like walking in the snow”， Granny used to say, “because every step _ (show)”47. (2012·全國(guó)，18)The manager_(tell)the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m.48. (2012·全國(guó)，短文改錯(cuò))Yet it seemed water is

26、becoming less and less.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)&語(yǔ)態(tài) 答案【基礎(chǔ)練】1. travels 2.was 3. will be finished 4.would arrive 5.are playing 6. was working 7.have been built 8. had gone; had learnt【提升練】20182012年高考題（改編）1. is 2. find 改為 found 3. has grown 4. started 5. are 改為 were 6. meant 7. begin 改為 begun 8. include 改為 includes

27、9. are removed 10. is 11. goes 改為 went 12. were used 13. managed14. came 改為 comes 15. has been told/ was told 16. comes17. had 改成 have 18. （1）took 改成taken （2）become 改成 became 19. was allowed根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及allow sb to do sth這一固定句式可知，我應(yīng)該是被允許接近這些可愛(ài)的動(dòng)物。20. using usedbe used for “被用來(lái)做”，為固定短語(yǔ)。21. is考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。本句的主語(yǔ)為

28、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)leaving the less.，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)第三人稱形式，且這里說(shuō)的是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，故要用is。22. be made考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意筷子是被制造的。23. were考查時(shí)態(tài)。此處were是與would remind 并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。24. arrived句意：就在天亮之前我到了陽(yáng)朔，天下著小雨。根據(jù)前后句時(shí)態(tài)可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。25. is句意：陽(yáng)朔真的很漂亮。這里用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。26. thinkthought句意：我認(rèn)為在那兒很快樂(lè)。時(shí)態(tài)用法錯(cuò)誤。這里用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示“過(guò)去認(rèn)為”。27. 去掉been句意：許多研究表明全球變暖早已成為嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題了。主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，這里不需要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。28. fo