江西省瑞金市2014高考英語閱讀理解和完形填空訓(xùn)練

1、文檔供參考，可復(fù)制、編制，期待您的好評與關(guān)注！ 江西省瑞金市2014高考英語閱讀理解和完形填空訓(xùn)練（15）（含答案）It was a winter morning, just a couple of weeks before Christmas 2005. While most people were warming up their cars, Trevor, my husband, had to get up early to ride his bike four kilometers away from home to work. On arrival, he parked his bi

2、ke outside the back door as he usually does. After putting in 10 hours of labor, he returned to find his bike gone.The bike, a black Kona 18 speed, was our only transport. Trevor used it to get to work, putting in 60hour weeks to support his young family. And the bike was also used to get groceries

3、(食品雜貨), saving us from having to walk long distances from where we live.I was so sad that someone would steal our bike that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story. Shortly after that, several people in our area offered to help. One wonderful stranger even bought a bike, then called my husb

4、and to pick it up. Once again my husband had a way to get to and from his job. It really is an honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before.People say that a smile can be passed from one person to another, but acts of kindness from strangers are eve

5、n more so. This experience has had a spreading effect in our lives because it strengthened our faith in humanity (人性) as a whole. And it has influenced (影響) us to be more mindful of ways we, too, can share with others. No matter how big or how small, an act of kindness shows that someone cares. And

6、the results can be everlasting.1Why was the bike so important to the couple?A. The mans job was bike racing.B. It was their only possession.C. It was a nice Kona 18 speed.D. They used it for work and daily life.2We can infer from the text that _.A. the couple worked 60 hours a weekB. people were bus

7、y before ChristmasC. the stranger brought over the bikeD. life was hard for the young family3How did people get to know the couples problem?A. From radio broadcasts.B. From a newspaper.C. From TV news.D. From a stranger.4What do the couple learn from their experience?A. Strangers are usually of litt

8、le help.B. One should take care of ones bike.C. News reports make people famous.D. An act of kindness can mean a lot.1D。這是一道歸納題。根據(jù)第二段“.Trevor used it to get to work. And the bike was also used to get groceries，”可知自行車是Trevor家工作和日常生活的交通工具。2D。這是一道推理題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“While most people were warming up their car

9、s, Trevor, my husband, had to get up early to ride his bike four kilometers away from home to work.”由此可知大部分人都開車，而Trevor要早起騎車去工作，可以看出Trevor家不富裕。3B。這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)第三段“I was so sad that someone would steal our bike that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story.”可知整理把自行車被盜的事情告訴了報社，所以人們是在報紙上知道這個故事的。4D

10、。這是一道歸納題。根據(jù)最后兩句“No matter how big or how small, an act of kindness shows that someone cares. And the results can be everlasting.”可知善行無論大小，作用是巨大的。*結(jié)束閱讀理解技法指導(dǎo)3主旨大意題主旨大意題常見的命題方式有以下幾種：(1)The best title/headline for this passage is _.(2)The passage(or the first paragraph)is mainly about _.(3)What is the

11、main idea/topic/purpose/subject of the passage?(4)Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?(5)The passage chiefly discusses/deals with _.(6)Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?(7)The passage mainly tells us that _.(8)Which of the following ca

12、n best sum up the passage?(9)Whats the best/most suitable title of this text/passage?如：(2012湖南高考，C篇)Harvard researchers have created a tough，lowcost，biodegradable (可生物降解的) material inspired by insects hard outer shells.The materials inventors say it has a number of possible uses and someday could pr

13、ovide a more environmentally friendly alternative to plastic.The material，made from shrimp (蝦) shells and proteins produced from silk，is called “shrilk.” It is thin，clear，flexible and strong.A major benefit of the material is its biodegradability.Plastics toughness and flexibility represented a revo

14、lution in materials science during the 1950s and 60s.Decades later，however，plastics very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for onetime products such as plastic bags，or shortlived consumer goods，used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they

15、will degrade for centuries.What is the point of making something that lasts 1,000 years?Shrilk not only will degrade in a landfill，but its basic components are used as fertilizer(肥料)，and so will enrich the soil.Shrilk has great potential，the inventors said.Materials from which it is made are plentif

16、ul in nature，found in everything ranging from shrimp shells，insect bodies to living plants.That makes shrilk low cost，and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material.Work on shrilk is continuing in the lab.The inventors said the material becomes flexible w

17、hen wet，so theyre exploring ways to use it in wet environments.Theyre also developing simpler production processes，which could be used for nonmedical products，like for computer cases and other products inside the home.Theyre even exploring combining it with other materials，like carbon fibers，to give

18、 it new properties.66Paragraph 1 of the passage is mainly about shrilks _.Aremarkable design Binteresting nameCmajor features Dbasic elements剖析：C主旨大意題。第一段中主要介紹哈佛大學(xué)發(fā)明的這種新型材料其靈感來自于動物的外殼，其用途廣泛，低耗環(huán)保，是塑料的替代品。它由蝦殼及絲蛋白制成，因此被命名為“shrilk”，其特點是輕薄、透明、柔韌、結(jié)實。不難看出這里介紹的是這種新材料的主要特性，其他選項過于片面。故C項正確。70Which of the foll

19、owing can be the best title for the passage?ARecent Progress in Environmental ProtectionBBenefits of Insects in Scientific ResearchCThe Harm of Onetime ProductsDA Possible Alternative to Plastic剖析：D主旨大意題。本文為科技說明文，開篇點題，介紹了這種可替代塑料的新型材料的性能等問題，所以D項適合。這類題目要求在理解全文的情況下歸納文章要點，對全文的中心思想進(jìn)行概括、總結(jié)和評價?？忌枰治鑫恼碌钠陆Y(jié)

20、構(gòu)，認(rèn)真閱讀文章的第一段或每段的第一個句子或最后一句，抓住文章開頭的主題句或文章最后的結(jié)論，弄清整理的寫作意圖，綜合歸納各段要點以把握文章的主題或大意，從而找出能概括文章主旨或中心思想的標(biāo)題。*結(jié)束閱讀理解-技巧點撥高考英語閱讀理解部分考查的重點之一是考生對于文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的捕捉、理解和分析能力。細(xì)節(jié)題的比重一般為五分之一,換句話說,高考英語閱讀理解的五篇文章中,每篇文章都至少設(shè)有一道細(xì)節(jié)題。細(xì)節(jié)題主要考查考生對文章中闡述主題的細(xì)節(jié)與具體事實的把握能力,內(nèi)容涉及詢問事實、原因、結(jié)果、目的等。細(xì)節(jié)題屬于淺層理解題,難度較低,答案明確具體,考生一般可以從閱讀材料中直接找到。因此,解答這類試題時,考生

21、應(yīng)快速閱讀材料,抓住其大意后,迅速瀏覽考題,選定關(guān)鍵詞,然后帶著這些關(guān)鍵詞,運用查讀法,迅速查找相關(guān)信息,進(jìn)而分析這些信息的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義,理清邏輯關(guān)系,最后選出正確答案。 仔細(xì)研究高考英語真題,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn),細(xì)節(jié)題主要是針對文章中的某個短語、某個從句或某個完整的句子而設(shè)置,其中又以針對句子設(shè)題的情況居多。下面我們將結(jié)合真題,具體分析細(xì)節(jié)題的命題思路、解題方法和技巧。 針對定語從句的關(guān)系詞設(shè)題 我們知道,英語中的基本句型的語序大致上是固定不變的,但有些時候,由于表達(dá)的需要,某些句子的成分或位置會發(fā)生變化,如定語從句中的狀語(關(guān)系副詞)前移等。這種變化往往會令考生感到迷惑,于是命題者就常常利用這種變化

22、設(shè)置考題。 例1:Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station (加油站) about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to stop and visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash reg

23、ister (收款臺), I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas. (2006年全國卷I,B篇) 60. The author planned to stop at Oklahoma City _. A. to visit a friend B. to see his parents C. to pay or the cash register D. to have more gas for his car 例2:Coming in a close secondand often wrongly mentione

24、d as the most distant landis Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbor, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America. The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with th

25、e outside world for more than a thousand years giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures called moai, for which the island is most famous. (2003年全國卷,A篇) 57. Which of the following is most famous for moai? A. Tristan da Cunha. B. Pitcairn Island. C. Easter Island. D. St.

26、Helena. 【技巧點撥】解答針對定語從句設(shè)置的細(xì)節(jié)題時,考生一定要認(rèn)真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),了解上下文,弄清楚關(guān)系詞所指代的對象,準(zhǔn)確答題。 針對易產(chǎn)生歧義的句子設(shè)題 除針對一些結(jié)構(gòu)上比較特殊的句式設(shè)題之外,有些意義上容易令考生產(chǎn)生誤解的語句也是命題者關(guān)注的重點。例如: In the restaurant There is probably nothing more annoying than a diner receiving or making a call near you when you are in a restaurant. The icy glares you receive sh

27、ould be warning that it is not appreciated. Turn your phone off and use your message service to return calls after you leave. (2005年上海春季卷,B篇) 79. According to the passage, the most annoying thing in a restaurant is that _. A. you receive icy glares B. a nearby diner is answering a phone call C. you

28、have to use the message serviceD. you can not return calls until after you leave 英語中有許多難于理解的句子,下面略舉幾例: (1) 否定轉(zhuǎn)移 They are not working hard at English only for themselves. 他們在努力學(xué)習(xí)英語,這樣做并不僅僅是為了他們自己。 錯誤表達(dá):They are working hard at English not only for themselves. (2) 全部否定與部分否定 全部否定:All germs are invisibl

29、e to the naked eyes. 所有細(xì)菌都不能被肉眼所見。 部分否定:Not all worms are visible to the naked eyes. 并不是所有的蟲子都能被肉眼所見。 (3) 含有more than / no more . than的句子 The question is more than the boy is able to work out. 這個男孩是沒有能力解出這道題的。 A family without love is no more a home than a body without soul is a man. 就像一個沒有靈魂的軀體不能稱之

30、為人一樣,一個沒有愛的家庭就不能稱之為家。 【技巧點撥】解答此類針對容易產(chǎn)生歧義或難以理解的句子設(shè)置的題型時,考生需結(jié)合平時積累的基礎(chǔ)知識,反復(fù)推敲句意,“去偽存真”,判定句子在文中的準(zhǔn)確意思之后再解題。 針對上下文或句間的邏輯關(guān)系設(shè)題 閱讀理解文章中,有些句子間雖然沒有明顯的關(guān)聯(lián)詞,但卻形成了邏輯上的因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等,以及含有例證、引用等的句子,這些都可能成為命題人的設(shè)題點。 例1: * The left half of the brain controls the right side of the body. The right half controls the left side

31、. * One half of the brain is always dominant (in charge). Usually, the left brain is dominant, which is why 90% of people are right-handed. (2007年江蘇卷,D篇) 70. From the passage, we know the reason why around 10% of people are left-handed is that _. A. their frontal lobe is usually dominant B. their te

32、mporal lobe is usually dominant C. their right brain is usually dominant D. their left brain is usually dominant *結(jié)束第一節(jié) 細(xì)節(jié)判斷題解題技巧普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中達(dá)到英語學(xué)科的高中畢業(yè)要求為七級，其有關(guān)閱讀最基本的要求是：“能從一般性文章中獲取和處理主要信息”。對這種“獲取和處理主要信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是：細(xì)節(jié)判斷。這類題在高考閱讀理解題中占一定的比例，做好這類題是確保基礎(chǔ)分的關(guān)鍵。同時，弄清細(xì)節(jié)，正確獲取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特別重視做好這類題。

33、細(xì)節(jié)判斷題題干常見的問句形式多種多樣。如：Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?Which of the following statements is NOT true?Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?Which of the following is NOT considered as ?According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mention

34、ed as one of the reasons for ?How many ？What/who/when/where/how/why ?做這類題的一般方法是通過skimming把握文章中心后，再通過尋讀法（scanning）快速確定該細(xì)節(jié)在文中的出處（信息源），對照選項進(jìn)行“三對一錯或三錯一對”的判斷。若該信息句是長句或難句，要學(xué)會找出其主干部分、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，正確理解信息句的意義。命題者在出這類題時慣用“偷梁換柱、張冠李戴”的手法來迷惑考生，即對原句細(xì)微處做改動，截取原文詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行改造，因果倒置，把A的觀點說成B的觀點等。所以正確理解題干和信息句的意義是關(guān)鍵。這類細(xì)節(jié)性問題所涉及的面很

35、廣，有的需要經(jīng)過簡單的數(shù)學(xué)運算確定時間、距離、次數(shù)、數(shù)量等；有的涉及正誤判斷；有的詢問事實、原因、結(jié)果、目的等。例如：（注：本書例題練習(xí)中選用全國各地高考題均保留原題號）（05全國卷II B篇）The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.“My grandmothers didnt do anythin

36、g but keep house and serve everybody. They were programmed to do that,” said Emily Comette, head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society.While men have long spent their time fishing and playing golf, women have sometimes seemed to become unnoticed as they age. But the generation now turning 5

37、0 is the baby boomers(生育高峰期出生的人), and the same people who refused their parents way of being young are now trying a new way of growing old.If you take into consideration feminism(女權(quán)主義), a bit of spare money, and better health for most elderly, the Red Hat Society looks almost inevitable(必然的). In this society, women over 50 wear red hats and purple(紫色的) clothes, while the women under 50 wear pink hats and light purple clothing.“The organization took the idea from a poem by Jenny Joseph that begins: When I am an old woman, I