定語從句導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、定語從句導(dǎo)學(xué)案I. 基礎(chǔ)知識1. 定義：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2. 先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。 3. 定語從句 1) 從句也要符合句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 2) 從句只是做為句子某一成分出現(xiàn)的 3) 從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞是從句開始的標(biāo)志 4. 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞指代人或物定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞株P(guān)系代詞that人或物主語、賓語、表語which物或主句內(nèi)容主語、賓語或定語who人主語或賓語whom人賓語whose人或物定語as人或物或主句內(nèi)容主語或賓語關(guān)系副詞when時間狀語where地點狀語why原因狀語 5. 非限制性定語從句與限制性定語從句 1）結(jié)構(gòu)

2、 “，” 2）含義 3）關(guān)系詞 “that”例如： His brother who is now a lawyer always encourages him to go to college. 他那個現(xiàn)在是律師的哥哥總是鼓勵他上大學(xué)。(他還有其他的哥哥) His brother, who is now a lawyer, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥，現(xiàn)在是律師，總是鼓勵他上大學(xué)。(他只有一個哥哥)II. 考點 考點一 that和which 先行詞是all, everything, nothing, anything, little

3、, much, the one等不定代詞時 There is nothing ( that ) I can do. I mean the one that was brought yesterday. 先行詞被all, any, every, no, some, little, much等詞修飾時 I have read all the books (that) you gave me. You may take home any of these books that you like. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時 This is the first composition (tha

4、t)he has written in English. This is the best novel (that) I have ever read. 先行詞被the only, the very(正是,恰是), the same, the last修飾時 The white flower is the only one ( that) I really like. This is the very book (that) I want to find. The last place( that) we visited was the hospital. This is the same w

5、atch that I lost yesterday.  當(dāng)先行詞有兩個或兩個以上時,既有人又有物,定語從句用that 引導(dǎo) (that既可指人也可指物) He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 注意： 關(guān)系代詞作定語從句中系動詞的表語時,或先行在主句中作表語What great changes! It is not the city (that) it was ten years ago.口訣： that which 可互換，下列情況要照辦， that 用法比較多，不妨對你說一說： 不定代詞這路貨，

6、要用that 準(zhǔn)沒錯； 先行詞前有限制，千萬不要用which; 要用which 別著急；介詞提前逗隔離?？键c二 介詞+關(guān)系代詞（which/whom/whose）1. 介詞的選擇 根據(jù)現(xiàn)行詞 The farm on which I once worked has taken on a new look.   根據(jù)定語從句中動詞或短語的搭配 In the dark street there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. 根據(jù)句意 The books, some of which are

7、new, are worth reading.注意：1) 表示整體中的部分情況： 表示部分的詞語+介詞（of）+ which/whom也可以轉(zhuǎn)換為“介詞（of）+which/whom+表示部分的詞語。 表示部分的詞有：不定代詞all, both, none, neither, either, some, any;基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞，分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)；the +最高級/比較級；以及表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量的詞語many, most, few, several, half a, a quarter。 2. 介詞+ whoseMary is a kind person, without whose help we c

8、ant finish the work on time. 注意：whose 的用法 They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. - They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. - They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.考點三 關(guān)系代詞as和which 1. 在非限制性定語從句中 位置 as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句， 句中，句首，句末均可 which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句不能位

9、于句首。 指代內(nèi)容 as 指代主句 which 指代主句或主句中的部分 含義 as “正如，正像”。which “這”，2. 限制性定語從句中 當(dāng)先行詞被the same；such ;so; as修飾時用as 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句注意：1）This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost. 2) This is such an interesting book as we all like.This is so interesting a book as we all like.This is such an inte

10、resting book that we all like it.This is so interesting a book that we all like it.考點四 關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞的選擇 方法：分析定語從句中所缺成分1. I will remember the days that we spent together. 2. June 7 is the day when we begin to take the college entrance examination. 3. This is the place that we visited the day before yeste

11、rday. 4. This is the place where he worked for ten years注意1） 當(dāng)現(xiàn)行詞為point, case, degree, position, situation, condition, activity, family, scene 等時，關(guān)系副詞用where / in which 2)當(dāng)現(xiàn)行詞為reason時,定語從句用that/which/why引導(dǎo),表語從句用that引導(dǎo) The reason that/which/省略 he gave me is reasonable. The reason why he came late was

12、that his car broke down.考點五 先行詞為the way, 并在定語從句中做狀語，關(guān)系詞為in which/ that 或省略。He spoke to me in the way that/which/省 I dont like.I dont like the way in which/ that/ 省 he spoke to me.考點六 定語從句與其他從句的區(qū)別1. 定語從句與并列句The old man has two sons, both of whom are doctors.The old man has two sons, and both of them

13、are doctors.The old man has two sons; both of them are doctors.2. 定語從句與同位語從句  We all have heard the news that our team won. (同位語從句，that從句表示news的內(nèi)容，that 在從句中不作任何成分)    We dont believe the news that/which he told us yesterday. (定語從句，that 作told 的賓語) 3. 定語從句與狀語從句。   He left the key w

14、here he had been an hour before. (where引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句，相當(dāng)于in the place where)  He left the place where he lived for many years. (where 引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾the place)  He is such a good teacher as all of us love and respect. (as 引導(dǎo)定語從句)  He is such a good teacher that we all like him. (that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,such

15、that “如此以致”) 4. 定語從句與主語從句。  As is known to us all, paper was first made in China. (as 引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代整個主句內(nèi)容，可置于句首)   It is known to us all that paper was first made in China. (it 做形式主語，代替that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句) 注意： What is known to us all is that paper was first made in China.5. 定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。  It is the

16、 house where I met the young man. (where 引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾house，where在定語從句中作地點狀語)   It was in the house that I met the young man. (本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，可還原為 I met the young man in the house.) III鞏固練習(xí)1. His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. A. which B. that C. where

17、D. it2. He was educated at the local high school, _ he went to Beijing University.A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that 3. Tom handed everything _ he had found in the park to the police.A. that B. what C. which D. whatever4. This is one of the best films _ this year.A. they have been s

18、hown B. that has been shown C. that have been shown D. which has been shown 5. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 6. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _they can talk freq

19、uently.   A. who           B. as        C. about which      D. with whom 7. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of whi

20、ch B. during which C. from which D. for which 8. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when9. It was an exciting moment for these people this year, _ for the first time their team won the World Cup. A. that B. while C.

21、which D. when10. - What do you think of teaching, Bob? - I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _you are doing something serious but interesting. A. where B. which C. when D. thatIII.走進(jìn)高考1. That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. wh

22、en2. A lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this3. Sales director is a position _communication ability is just as important as sales skills. A. which B. that C.

23、 when D. where4. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 5. It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all. A. that B. where C. which D. wha6. Maria has written two novels, both of _ have bee

24、n made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. what7. Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which8. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C.

25、 whom D. which9. In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses. A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them10. We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 11. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _, for s

26、ome reason, had withdrawn from all human society.A. which B. who C. where D. whom12. I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what 13. There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science. A. asB. that C. when D. where 14. Finally he reached a

27、 lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. whenB. whereC. which D. whom 15. The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. Athat Bwhich Cwhose Dwhat16. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _ are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. w

28、hat D. that 17.She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken more than three years. Afor whichBwith which Cof whichDto which18. A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. there19. T

29、he days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. A. when B. that C. where D. which20. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which21. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks. A. when B. which C. where D. while22. She has a gift for