完形填空 (2)

1、 完形填空 完形填空是關(guān)于語言總體理解的一種測試形式，是典型的“智能混合”題型，它融單項(xiàng)選擇與閱讀理解為一體，涉及到詞匯、語法、邏輯推理等各種知識。對于這類題目，要求學(xué)生知識面要廣，要有比較扎實(shí)的基本功；要掌握大量的單詞、詞組和習(xí)語，了解他們的各種變化形式和用法；要有堅(jiān)實(shí)的語法基礎(chǔ)，熟練掌握和運(yùn)用動詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。除此之外，還要有較強(qiáng)的語感，能夠根據(jù)上下文的語境進(jìn)行猜測，推斷，作出正確的選擇。其考查點(diǎn)有： 能夠掌握足夠的詞匯量，正確運(yùn)用詞類和詞語的習(xí)慣搭配。包括名詞、代詞、冠詞、動詞等詞類和短語。 基礎(chǔ)語法知識。包括句法、固定搭配、句型、詞語習(xí)慣用法、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、主從復(fù)合句和非

2、限定動詞等。 還應(yīng)具有一定的語言運(yùn)用能力、閱讀能力、理解能力、綜合分析能力和邏輯判斷能力。 （1）以語篇為載體，測試語言知識和語言能力。試題既考查學(xué)生對短文的整體理解能力，也考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用語法知識、詞匯知識的能力以及對事物的邏輯推理、分析判斷能力。 （2）以意義填空為主。試題在著重考查考生閱讀理解能力的前提下，兼顧對語言知識、常識、邏輯推理能力的考查。 （3）降低對單詞本身詞義的考查要求，注重考查對全文意義的理解。中考完形填空預(yù)備選項(xiàng)中所涉及的詞匯基本上都是常見的初級詞匯。 （4）考點(diǎn)分布符合考查目的。試題以名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞等信息詞匯為考查重點(diǎn)，淡化對介詞、連詞、冠詞等結(jié)構(gòu)詞的考查，以檢

3、測學(xué)生在具體情境中靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識的能力。所設(shè)空白處，名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞和代詞這五類詞共占80。 （5）有的采用主觀試題形式。有些完形填空題全部舍棄了學(xué)生們平時(shí)接觸較多的“四選一”形式，而改之以“自由完形填空”形式，除了要求填入單詞外，有的還設(shè)置了要求填入詞組或短語的空格。 （一）題型介紹 完形填空是各類英語試題中固定而重要的題型。這種題型歸納起來有如下特點(diǎn)： 1. 在整份試卷中所占的分值較重，占1015分，長度一般在130200個(gè)單詞左右。 2. 降低了對單詞本身的考查要求，重點(diǎn)考查考生對短文的整體理解，上下文的段落銜接，理解分析及推理判斷能力。 3. 針對初中學(xué)生的實(shí)際水平，一般采用

4、以故事為主的記敘文，盡量避免專業(yè)性太強(qiáng)的文章或議論文體。近年來出現(xiàn)了以意義選擇為主，語法選擇逐漸減少的趨勢。 完形填空有多種形式，但它在基本設(shè)計(jì)原則上都是一致的。形式都是從短文中抽去若干詞，讓考生根據(jù)上下文填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，為了有助于考生填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，可以提供四個(gè)答案（其中包括一個(gè)正確答案），讓考生選出正確的答案；也可以給出單詞首字母進(jìn)行完形填空，或者給出字母及單詞長度（由幾個(gè)字母組成）；也可以不給考生提供任何線索，完全憑借考生對文章的理解和現(xiàn)有的語言能力完成。 完形填空要求學(xué)生不僅要會運(yùn)用自己學(xué)過的詞匯和語法知識妥善地處理好每個(gè)單詞，理解句意，還要處理好單句之間以及單句與全文之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，選出

5、適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空，使文章完整與通順。 完形填空題要求填入的詞主要有：構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)和用法區(qū)別的動詞及短語動詞；名詞和介詞；根據(jù)上下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的形容詞、副詞、代詞和連詞；同義詞、近義詞等易混詞?？疾橐詫?shí)詞為主，兼顧虛詞和語法結(jié)構(gòu)、難點(diǎn)主要集中在根據(jù)上下文正確判斷詞的用法上。 1. 選擇型完形填空 2. 短文缺詞填空 （二）解題指導(dǎo) 1. 選擇型完形填空解題方法 完形填空對考生的能力要求比較高。要順利解答這類考題，必須要有扎實(shí)的語言基礎(chǔ)知識和綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)英語知識的能力以及一定的分析、推理判斷能力。還應(yīng)熟悉各種體裁、題材的文章，具有一定的語感和快速閱讀能力。 完整填空：一般在文中的第一句和最后一

6、句不會挖空。主要涉及到動詞、名詞（含代詞）、形容詞、副詞、介詞、連詞也常出現(xiàn)。做完形填空題要注意整體性原則，強(qiáng)調(diào)對文章整體的理解。就內(nèi)容而言，它又有前因后果、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、人物等要素。所以，第一步應(yīng)通讀全文，了解大意。其次注意詞與詞、句與句、主句與分句之間的連貫性與銜接性。因此，在做題時(shí)必須始終注意上下文之間，詞與詞之間從意義到語法上的合理搭配。誠然，弄懂第一句和最后一句也事關(guān)全局。與此同時(shí)，還不可忽略文中的過渡詞。 在解題時(shí)可按以下步驟和方法進(jìn)行。 （1）通讀全文，了解大意。 通讀全文時(shí)，跳過空格快速閱讀，弄清文章的基本含義。先快速閱讀全文，可使我們對文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)和中心思想有個(gè)基本的了解。有

7、利于進(jìn)一步把握全文所講內(nèi)容，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)的變化，為后面的答題創(chuàng)造條件，但通讀宜粗、直、快。切忌看一句做一句，看一空填一空，斷章取意，那會進(jìn)入誤區(qū)，即使所填答案符合本句要求，也未必符合全文的要求。通讀的目的僅在于掌握大意，切不可把寶貴的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在個(gè)別字句的推敲上。 （2）重視首句的開篇啟示作用 完形填空所采用的短文一般不給標(biāo)題，但短文的首句通常用以點(diǎn)明短文的性質(zhì)，如敘事、議論等，這是我們探索短文全貌的“窗口”，可以以首句的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)為立足點(diǎn)進(jìn)行思考，判斷文章的體裁，推測全文的大意及主題，所以應(yīng)該重視首句的啟示作用。 （3）抓住關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)上下文解題 解題時(shí)，要遵循忠于全文大意和主題這一原則

8、，聯(lián)系上下文展開邏輯推理分析，要迅速找出那些在短文中起重要作用的關(guān)鍵詞，了解所提問題的特定語境，語篇中的內(nèi)在關(guān)系。 在解題過程中，應(yīng)遵循“先易后難”的原則，遇到個(gè)別難題不易判斷時(shí)，可先跳過去，去解決那些靠上下文能確定的，比較直接明確的問題，隨著下文的展開和文章的深入，或許在前面難以判斷的題，下文就有暗示，甚至有明確的表示。因此，在選擇答案時(shí)，應(yīng)特別注意聯(lián)系前后句，充分利用上下文為確定答案提供有用信息。 （4）重讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案 在全部空格補(bǔ)全以后，一定要根據(jù)填好的答案重讀全文，看文章是否流暢，前后是否矛盾，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否無誤。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)哪些地方讀起來不流暢，那就說明那里有毛病，就要進(jìn)行仔細(xì)推敲，驗(yàn)

9、證。 總之，解答完形填空題，不僅需要扎實(shí)的語言基本功與嚴(yán)密的邏輯推理能力，還需要加強(qiáng)閱讀訓(xùn)練，掌握正確的解題方法和技巧，只有這樣，才能在考試時(shí)得心應(yīng)手，考出好成績。 2. 短文缺詞填空解題步驟 短文缺詞填空是要求學(xué)生在正確理解和把握文章意思的基礎(chǔ)上通過分析行文線索來填寫空缺單詞的一種考查形式，它是考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用英語思維能力的一種有效方法。要完成好這類題，做到事半功倍，需要掌握一定的方法與技巧。 （1）從全局把握文章大意 要填的單詞肯定是在一定的語言環(huán)境中才能確定，只有把握全局才能有主導(dǎo)方向，才能有助于正確理解空缺詞所在的句子，從而縮小詞意的選擇范圍。 （2）從語法上加以把握 一般的空缺詞都可

10、以通過其所在的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和句法成分來判斷其詞性，這樣可以縮小詞的選擇范圍。 （3）從行文上確定詞的形式 當(dāng)確定一個(gè)單詞的詞性后可通過其上下文來幫助判斷其形式，如動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，過去式、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、代詞的各種所有格及單復(fù)數(shù)，形容詞的比較級與最高級等。 （4）通讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。 填完所有單詞后，不可孤立地逐個(gè)詞檢查，而必須將所有填入的詞代入文章中，復(fù)讀全文，仔細(xì)檢查所填詞是否符合文章的情景內(nèi)容，讀起來是否流暢，合乎句法，單詞拼寫是否有誤，單詞形式是否正確等，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題及時(shí)更正。通過再讀全文，很可能利用語感將個(gè)別特別難的空處順口“讀”出來。完形填空練習(xí)： （一） Have

11、 you ever talked with friends in class? Putin did the 1 . He would secretly tell others what to say when the teacher was asking them for a(n) 2 . It seemed that young Putin was not good at 3 things. He sometimes forgot to finish his maths homework. Once he forgot to wear school uniform（校服）. His teac

12、her had to ask him to 4 the classroom. But young Putin did very well in the moral class（品德課）. He 5 got full marks. He also showed a strong love of his motherland at an early age. 1. A. some B. same C. so D. it 2. A. question B. problem C. answer D. sentence 3. A. forgetting B. learning C. making D.

13、remembering 4. A. get into B. get off C. get on D. get out of 5. A. always B. never C. sometimes D. seldom （二） We are going to take a test today. It will show if we are 1 to get in an honours class next year. But, I dont think it is 2 for me. It is the maths part my favourite. We take the test by co

14、mputer. There 3 52 questions for us to do in one hour. The boy behind me 4 nervous. The girl to my left was nervous, 5 . But 6 I began answering the questions, I saw the whole thing 7 a game. I tried to 8 easy ways to do the maths problems. At the end of the test, my score was 307. but what does it

15、mean? I have no idea. I asked my friend John. He got 227. When he knew my score, he said. “Oh my God. Youre a genius!” So, I asked 9 people, and got the same answers. Finally, I walked up to Lauren. “David! How did you do on the MAP test?”I answered, “If I 10 you, will you kill me?” 1. A. enough sma

16、rt B. too smart C. smart enough D. very smart 2. A. hard B. easy C. different D. interesting 3. A. was B. had C. were D. have 4. A. was looking B. looked C. looks D. was looked 5. A. either B. also C. yet D. too 6. A. when B. after C. before D. while 7. A. for B. like C. to D. as 8. A. look B. find

17、out C. find D. search 9. A. other B. another C. the other D. others 10. A. told B. am telling C. will tell D. tell （三） Two days ago I was quite sure of getting an “A”for my Spanish. I had got myself 1 . I looked for 2 on the Internet for a week. I wrote a 3 and I even drew a few pictures of Spain. I

18、 practiced the speech a lot. On the day of my speech, I didnt get nervous or forget 4 I was going to say. However, everybody has one thing they are 5 at. Some people are bad at drawing pictures. 6 are bad at typing. My problem is that my stories about Spanish history sounded boring. After giving my

19、speech and showing my pictures I 7 I was going to get a bad grade. Big projects are very difficult for me to finish. They 8 a lot of time, and I always 9 the day it has to be finished and the grade Ill get . Anyway, I ended up getting an “A-”. The teacher said I 10 all my classmates listen - I was t

20、alking very loudly! 1. A. ready B. excited C. interested D. worried 2. A. news B. information C. dictionaries D. papers 3. A. book B. story C. speech D. joke 4. A. who B. where C. when D. what 5. A. good B. bad C. interesting D. glad 6. A. The other B. Another C. Others D. Other 7. A. thought B. tho

21、ugh C. taught D. brought 8. A. cost B. spend C. pay D. take 9. A. worry about B. think about C. tell about D. know about 10. A. make B. made C. am making D. has made （四） David is a middle school student. He lived in a small 1 for fifteen years. His father, Mr Hill, was a rich farmer and later on he

22、2 a shop in our town. He bought a house here last month. His 3 moved to the new house and his son began to study in our class. But he had 4 friends here. At first he often played by 5 . His neighbour Cathy is a kind girl. She has many friends. She finds the boy never talks with anybody and decides t

23、o help him. David 6 to stay with her and talks to her a lot. Now theyre good friends. One afternoon, Cathy told David. “Itll be my sixteenth birthday tomorrow. Ill have a birthday party. Will you please come?” “ 7 . Im glad to,” the boy said happily. David got home and thought of a 8 he could give t

24、o Cathy. He was sorry that he 9 to ask the girl what she liked. He couldnt call her because he didnt know her telephone 10 . At that moment Mrs Hill came and asked, “Whats the matter, dear?” “What would you like if it was your sixteenth birthday, Mummy?” “Nothing,”the woman said, “I just with I were

25、 16.” 1. A. town B. city C. village D. country 2. A. open B. opens C. opened D. opening 3. A. home B. house C. building D. family 4. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little 5. A. himself B. him C. his D. he 6. A. enjoy B. enjoys C. like D. likes 7. A. Well B. Oh C. Mm D. Certainly 8. A. prize B. prais

26、e C. present D. price 9. A. forgot B. forget C. remember D. remembered 10. A. code（密碼） B. number C. place D. address （五） The world 1 many interesting sounds. Some are unpleasant to our ears while 2 are very pleasant to hear. In single day you probably hear 3 sounds. All sounds are different. Some 4

27、loud, some sounds are high, others are low, some sounds are useful. 5 sound we cant talk or listen to each other. The ringing of the alarm clock wakes people up. The hooting（鳴笛聲）of a car warns people of danger. Some sounds are harmful. When planes fly low 6 the land; the very loud sounds can damage

28、the house. Very loud sound can even make people deaf. We know sound travels about one kilometer in three 7 . In a thunder storm you see the lighting first and then hear the thunder. This is because light travels 8 than sound. Next time you see lighting count the number of seconds before you hear the

29、 thunder. Divide this number 9 3. This will tell you 10 kilometers away the thunder storm is. 1. A. full of B. fill with C. is filled of D. is filled with 2. A. others B. the other C. another D. the others 3. A. hundreds of B. hundred of C. hundreds D. hundred 4. A. may B. maybe C. may be D. can 5.

30、A. Of B. With C. Without D. By 6. A. in B. on C. above D. over 7. A. hours B. days C. minutes D. seconds 8. A. more fast B. much faster C. more faster D. much fast 9. A. in B. of C. by D. at 10. A. how much B. how many C. how far D. how long （六） I have visited many places: the states of Missouri, Michigan, Florida, Wisconsin, and Washington D.C. But, I think Chicago in Illinois is the 1 place. When I come home from school, I see a beautiful 2 . A rabbit is run