(完整版)小升初英語(yǔ)銜接班名詞專項(xiàng)講解及練習(xí)

1、Marshal s English class小升初名詞專項(xiàng)定義名詞是表示人或事物名稱的詞。它既可以表示具體的東西，也可以是表示抽象的東西。二、分類一.名詞分類專有名詞個(gè)體名詞可數(shù)名詞（普通名詞所表示的普通名詞 集體名詞 人或事物是可以按個(gè)數(shù)計(jì)算的，這類名詞叫可數(shù)名詞） 物質(zhì)名詞 不可數(shù)名詞（普通名詞所表示的事物是不能按個(gè)數(shù)來(lái)計(jì)算的，抽象名詞 事物是不能按個(gè)數(shù)來(lái)計(jì)算的，這類名詞就叫不可數(shù)名詞。） 二、名詞的數(shù) 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式?？蓴?shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則如下：1.一般的名詞詞尾直接加-s0如：（書）book - books（車岡筆） pen f pens （房子）h

2、ouse f houses （天，日子）day f days 2.以s, ch, sh, x結(jié)尾的名詞，在詞尾加-es。如： （公交車）bus - buses（玻璃）glass - glasses（手表）watch - watches （盤，碟）dish - dishes （盒子）box - boxes3.以輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞，要先將y改為i再加-es。如：（城市）city - cities （身子， 身體）body f bodies（工廠）factory - factories等等。（典型例子：“元音字母+y”的名詞直接+s boy - boys） 4.以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞，要

3、將 f 或 fe 改為 v 再加-es 。 如： half 一 halves leaf- leaves knife - knives wife - wives 5.以 o 結(jié)尾的名詞分兩種情況 a.有生命的：+es如：（土豆有生命）potato - potatoes （西紅柿有生命）tomato - tomatoes b 無(wú)生 命白: +s如：（照片無(wú)生命）photo - photos 仔岡琴無(wú)生命）piano -piano1 .名詞可以根據(jù)意義分為普通名詞和專有名詞如：John is a studentstudent是普通名詞，John是專有名詞普通名詞前可以用不定冠詞 a/an,定冠詞th

4、e或不加冠詞，專有名詞前一般不加冠詞，專有名詞的首 字母要大寫。2 .普通名詞又可以分為個(gè)體名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞，其中個(gè)體名詞與集體名詞是可 數(shù)名詞，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名稱是不可數(shù)名詞。3 .專有名詞專有名詞是表示人名、地名、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等的專有名詞，多為獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成法構(gòu)成法例詞在詞尾加-s1 .在清輔音后發(fā)/ s/2 .在濁輔音和元音后發(fā)/z/1. desk - desks / s/2. boy - boys / z/在詞末加-es1 .以“x, s, ch , sh”等結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es2 .以e結(jié)尾，直接加-s-(e) s 讀作 / iz /1. gla

5、ss- glasses / iz / class- classes / iz /2. orange - oranges/ iz / horse - horses / iz /如以f, fe結(jié)尾，則去f, fe力口 - ves-ves 讀作 / vz /knife - knives/ vz / wife - wives / vz /以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，則去y加-ies-ies 讀作 / iz /baby - babies / iz / party - parties / iz /以輔音字母加o結(jié)尾，則加-es讀作/ z /potato potatoes / z/一estomato - tomat

6、oes/ z /但 radio , photo , piano ,則直接加-s大顯身手一.寫出下列各單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。1. glass 2. family 3. wolf 4. country5.radio 6. photo 7. fox 8.fridge9.bus 10. box 11.watch 12.brush13.policeman 14.farm 15.fish 16.sandwich17. apple 18.foot 19.ruler 20.tooth二.畫橫線，選出下列正確的單詞或詞組。1. Do you drink much ( milk , milks ) ?2. I visi

7、ted ( Jim , Jim house yesterday.3. This is ( Tom and Mary ,s Tom s and Mary ) house.4. He had two ( cup , cups ) of tea.5. Those ( books , book ) are on the desk.6. Look at this ( boy , boys ).7. That ( dogs , dog ) is mine .8. Would you like some ( bananas , banana ) ?9. The sperm whale has 50 ( to

8、oth , teeth ).10. These ( shoes , shoe ) are very nice.三.選擇填空。()1. This is room .A. Jack and Lucy B. Jack and Lucy s C. Jack s and Lucy D .s Jack s and Lucy()2. She is a goodA . studentB. studentsC. boyD. boys()3. I want twoA. pencil -boxB.pencil -boxesC. pencils -boxD. pencils -boxes()4. How manydo

9、 you have ?A. friendB. friendsC. friendesD. friend s()5. Theseare Judy sA . fishB. fishesC. fishsD. fish s()6. Look at thoseA . childB. childsC. childrenD. childrens()7. He has two big _A . eyeB. eyesC. eyeesD. eye s()8. He is Jeff ，_A . brothersB. brotherC. brotheresD. brother s()9. 一is this pen ?I

10、t s Wang Fang sA. Who sB. WhoseC. WhereD. Which()10. birthday is September 5th.A. Her motherB. her mothers C. Her mothers D.Her mother s四.將下列表示單數(shù)的句子改成復(fù)數(shù)的句子。1. This is a boy . 2. Do you have a new rubber ? 3. There is one apple in my hand . 4. That is her watch . 5. She has a camera and umbrella. 6.

11、There is a plane in the sky . 五.圈出句子中的錯(cuò)誤并改正。1. I don like orange juices . It is sour.()2. There is an old books in my bag .()3. Bananas is my favorite fruit .()4. They go to school on feet .()5. There are many photoes of my family .六.連詞成句。()1. teacher is strongMyandtall (.)2. teacher This science is

12、newour (.)3. there bedrooms How are many ( ?)4. lake The jumped the dog into (.)5. is What your hobby ( ?)七.閱讀理解。Tom is seven. He goes to school every day. The school is near his home, so he goes there on foot and comes back home on time (按時(shí)).But today he is late . His mother asks him “ Why are you

13、late to da y“I am in the headmaster(siofce室).”“ Why do you go to the headmaster ? ” s office“Because my teacher asks us a question in the class Nobody (沒人)can answer it , but I can .”i It is good to answer the teacher. s question“But the question is who puts ink on my chair.”根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答問題。1. Is Tom s

14、home fao m his school ?2. How does he go to school ?3. Does Tom often come back home late ?4. Only Tom can answer the question , can t he5. Is it good for Tom to do it ?（1） .名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)，一律看作單數(shù)。例如：food, meat, bread, tea, water,milk, ink, orange, drink, rice, fish 等。（2） .可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)前什么時(shí)候用a

15、,什么時(shí)候用an?答：以元音音標(biāo)（或音素）開頭的用an,以輔音音標(biāo)（或音素）開頭的用a。注意：我們看的是音標(biāo)（或音素），而不是元音字母。1選才a a或an或者不填（用/來(lái)表示）penbag applebig apple bananaorangeorangesorange penhour hauE小時(shí) house haus房子umbrella Qm5brelE雨傘university 7ju:ni5vE:siti 大學(xué)Aei_Uju: _HeitFRa：Bbi: _MemEchickwaterchildchildren2用a/an填空： Is it Chinese book or English

16、 book?This is ring, and it is orange ring. Mary is English teacher. Tom is Chineseteacher.This is bike. It s 01d bike. This is telephone number.用a/an填空： Is there _umbrella on the desk? There is _island in the sea. There is _picture on the card. I have _ old book.apple is a kind of fruit.(3).可數(shù)名詞的變化規(guī)

17、則：一般規(guī)則： That isID card. I lost my keys. It ，s set of keys. It apple, not_pear.This is peach. That _s orange. You have _ banana, but I have_egg. There is armchaira:mtFeE(r) in the living room. Id like egg. Look, there is bird in the tree. Is there_map on the wall? There is benchbentF in the park.1一般在

18、詞尾加 s,如：books, bags, fruits。加s之后的讀音規(guī)則:清清濁濁，即清輔音后讀清輔音 s,如books buks濁輔音后讀濁輔音z,如bags bAgz元音音標(biāo)后面讀z,如boys bRizt后讀ts,d后讀dz如：catskAts birdsbE:dz請(qǐng)寫出下列名詞復(fù)數(shù)加s后的讀音：例：boats birds pens ducksdogs chicks 2以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞加 es,讀iz如：busbuses 5bQsiz 公交車bears cards rabbits flowers boxboxes 5bRksiz盒子watchwatches 5wRtFiz

19、手表brushbrushes 5brQFiz刷子寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)并寫出所加glass match wishs或es后的音標(biāo)。3以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i再加es, tiz;以元音字母加 y結(jié)尾的名詞直接在詞尾加s。如：babybabies 5beibiz嬰兒寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)：butterfly sky 一boy toy 一4以f、fe結(jié)尾的名詞變 f、fe為ves,讀vz如：wolf wulf 狼wolves 寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)：wife (妻子)-life (生命)一knife (小刀)一5以。結(jié)尾的名詞加 es的有：hero5hi 英雄teilElt其他的以。結(jié)尾的名詞直接在詞

20、尾加sgoose gu:sgeese gi:z 鵝 mouse maus mice mais 老鼠 child tFaild children 5tFildrEn 孩子deer diE鹿fish fiF魚Nigro 5nigrEu 黑人 tomato tE meitEU柿 potato pE如：zoozoosphotophotos(4)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化：manmen 男人womanwumEn women 5wimin女人tooth tu:W -teeth ti:W牙齒foot fut feet fi:t腳，英尺(5)單復(fù)同形的名詞有：Chinese 5tFaini:z中國(guó)人Japanese

21、 7dVApE5ni:z日本人sheep Fi:p綿羊注意：fish當(dāng)一條魚講時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)同形，如 three fish.當(dāng)各種各樣的魚講時(shí)，即弓II調(diào)魚的種類時(shí)，要加 es.如：all kindskaindz of fishes .各種各樣的魚當(dāng)魚肉講時(shí)，不可數(shù)。(6)名詞修飾名詞時(shí)的復(fù)數(shù)情況： a man teacher 一個(gè)男老師two men teachers 兩個(gè)男老師a woman teacher 一個(gè)女老師two women teachers 兩個(gè)女老師只有當(dāng) man和 woman修飾名詞時(shí)，前后兩個(gè)名詞都變復(fù)數(shù)。其他的名詞修飾名詞，只把最后的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。如：a girl stu

22、dent 一個(gè)女學(xué)生two girl students 兩個(gè)女學(xué)生翻譯：兩個(gè)男工人5只鵝兩個(gè)女工人 5英尺兩個(gè)小孩 6顆牙齒3個(gè)中國(guó)人6個(gè)女人3條魚7只腳4只綿羊7個(gè)男人4只鹿寫出下列句子的復(fù)數(shù)句子： This is my friend. That is his brother. Is this your sister? Is that her cousin? What s this? This is an apple tree. It is an old backpack.寫出下列單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：bird ()chick ()chick-()fish-()church()pencil box

23、 -一()toy()donkey()monkey () baby()candy-() family-()potato-()tomato()選擇填空：It s autumnC:tEm ,_are falling(降落)down from treesA. leaf B. leafs C. leaves D. leaves There are five under the tree.A. sheep B. sheepes C. ships D. sheepsWhat are these in English?-are stamps.stAmpA. They B. It C. Those(7)不可數(shù)名

24、詞的用法：1不可數(shù)名詞前面不能用a, an來(lái)修飾，但可以與the連用，表示特指。2不可數(shù)名詞不能和具體的數(shù)詞(one, two, three,等)連用。3不可數(shù)名詞不能用指示代詞this, that, these, those來(lái)修飾，但可以用some, much來(lái)修飾。例如：some orange一些橘汁 much water許多水常用的不可數(shù)名詞有三類，液體：water (水)coffee(咖啡)juice(果汁)等,例如：a cup of water 一杯水a(chǎn) bottle of juice 一瓶果汁翻譯：一杯咖啡： 一瓶牛奶：一杯茶：肉類 meat mi:t肉類，beef bi:f牛肉，

25、porkpC:k豬肉，muttonmQtn羊肉等。注意：肉類中 chicken為雞肉時(shí)不 可數(shù)，為小雞時(shí)可數(shù)(keep chicken養(yǎng)雞)。固定用法：bread面包；rice大米，米飯；grass草；glass,當(dāng)“玻璃“講不可數(shù)：hair頭發(fā)當(dāng)滿頭白發(fā)中的幾根黑發(fā)時(shí)， 或滿頭黑發(fā)中的幾根白發(fā)時(shí)可數(shù)。weather5weTE(r)天氣；fun有趣的事或人；adviceEd5vaIz;建議； information InfE meIFEn 信息，情報(bào) 翻譯：給我一些面包：我喜歡吃米飯：勿踏草坪(walk, on the grass) ： 我們度假時(shí)天氣真好。(on holiday )玩的高興：

26、給Sam 一些建議吧。好的/壞的消息:4不可數(shù)名詞 量”的表示方法：在英語(yǔ)中，不可數(shù)名詞如果要表示量”的概念，可以用以下兩種方法： 用 much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any 等表示多少。例如: There is some milk in the bottle.瓶子里有一些牛奶。Is there any water in the glass? 杯子里有水嗎？There is too much snow and ice. 冬天有很多的雪和冰。Linda has a lot of books. 琳達(dá)有很多書。翻譯：瓶子里有一些豆奶。(soybean5sCi bi:n milk )杯子里有茶嗎?桌子上有很