語(yǔ)法填空解題技巧

1、Task 1: Brief Introduction 概況概況 能力要求能力要求 考查方式考查方式 解題方向解題方向 解題步驟解題步驟語(yǔ)法填空題語(yǔ)法填空題概況概況在廣東高考英語(yǔ)試題中，取消單項(xiàng)選擇題，在廣東高考英語(yǔ)試題中，取消單項(xiàng)選擇題，改為語(yǔ)法填空題，即在一篇約改為語(yǔ)法填空題，即在一篇約180180多詞、難度多詞、難度適中的短文中有適中的短文中有1010個(gè)空格，要求按照句子的個(gè)空格，要求按照句子的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或括號(hào)內(nèi)的具體要求完成詞形變化、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或括號(hào)內(nèi)的具體要求完成詞形變化、語(yǔ)法填空等。新題型對(duì)學(xué)生掌握語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)提出語(yǔ)法填空等。新題型對(duì)學(xué)生掌握語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)提出了新的要求。了新的要求。 語(yǔ)法填空題語(yǔ)法填

2、空題能力要求能力要求1 1、閱讀、閱讀/ /理解理解語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)篇的能力的能力; ;2 2、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力的能力; ;3 3、熟練、熟練運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法的能力。的能力。語(yǔ)法填空題語(yǔ)法填空題考查方式考查方式語(yǔ)法填空題的考查方式，主要有兩類(lèi)：自由填空類(lèi)和提示語(yǔ)法填空題的考查方式，主要有兩類(lèi)：自由填空類(lèi)和提示性填空類(lèi)，這兩類(lèi)考查的語(yǔ)言項(xiàng)目有所不同：性填空類(lèi)，這兩類(lèi)考查的語(yǔ)言項(xiàng)目有所不同： 自由填空類(lèi)。自由填空類(lèi)?？疾榈恼Z(yǔ)言項(xiàng)目主要有：行文邏輯、連詞、考查的語(yǔ)言項(xiàng)目主要有：行文邏輯、連詞、介詞、關(guān)系代詞等。在復(fù)習(xí)這些語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，可采取介詞、關(guān)系代詞等。在復(fù)習(xí)這些語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，可采取自由

3、填空的練習(xí)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。自由填空的練習(xí)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。 提示性填空類(lèi)。提示性填空類(lèi)?？疾榈恼Z(yǔ)言項(xiàng)目主要有：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)考查的語(yǔ)言項(xiàng)目主要有：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、冠詞態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、冠詞等。等。語(yǔ)法填空題語(yǔ)法填空題解題方向解題方向 從語(yǔ)法角度去考慮，填的是從語(yǔ)法角度去考慮，填的是語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詞法詞，包括，包括功能詞功能詞和和詞形變換詞形變換兩個(gè)方面。兩個(gè)方面。 不限定一個(gè)詞。不限定一個(gè)詞。語(yǔ)法填空題語(yǔ)法填空題解題步驟解題步驟 1、瀏覽全文、瀏覽全文 把握語(yǔ)篇把握語(yǔ)篇 2、邊讀邊填、邊讀邊填 先易后難先易后難 3、驗(yàn)證復(fù)查、驗(yàn)證復(fù)查 清除難點(diǎn)清除

4、難點(diǎn)解題技巧 在做題過(guò)程中，要時(shí)時(shí)聯(lián)系上下文，從語(yǔ)在做題過(guò)程中，要時(shí)時(shí)聯(lián)系上下文，從語(yǔ)篇中去判斷空格處應(yīng)填哪個(gè)單詞。篇中去判斷空格處應(yīng)填哪個(gè)單詞。 1、如果、如果空格后是空格后是名詞名詞（尤其是單數(shù)名（尤其是單數(shù)名詞），就應(yīng)該考慮詞），就應(yīng)該考慮空格處空格處是否需要填是否需要填冠詞冠詞(a, an, the)、物主代詞物主代詞(my, your, his等等)、指示代指示代詞詞(this, that等等)、不定代詞不定代詞(few, little, many, much, all, each, every, both, neither, other等等)、名詞所有格名詞所有格或或形容詞形容詞等

5、進(jìn)行修飾。等進(jìn)行修飾。 解題技巧解題技巧 2、相反，如果、相反，如果空格是在冠詞、物主代詞、空格是在冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格或形容詞指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格或形容詞之后之后，則應(yīng)考慮，則應(yīng)考慮填名詞填名詞。但不要忘記，要考。但不要忘記，要考慮名詞是否變復(fù)數(shù)，是否有所有格形式等。慮名詞是否變復(fù)數(shù)，是否有所有格形式等。 解題技巧解題技巧 3. 1) 填動(dòng)詞填動(dòng)詞。一定要考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，。一定要考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以動(dòng)詞形式的變化也是必不可少的。所以動(dòng)詞形式的變化也是必不可少的。 如果如果空格前是助動(dòng)詞空格前是助動(dòng)詞（will, shall等）、等）、情態(tài)動(dòng)情態(tài)

6、動(dòng)詞詞（can, may, must等）或是等）或是動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞加to的形式的形式，則，則空空格一定是格一定是 。 如果如果空格前是空格前是have的各種形式的各種形式，則想到構(gòu)，則想到構(gòu)成成 。 如果如果空格前是空格前是be的各種形式的各種形式，則想到用，則想到用 。動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形完成時(shí)完成時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)解題技巧解題技巧 3. 2）考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，包括）考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，包括V-ing形式、形式、V-ed形式和動(dòng)詞不定式。形式和動(dòng)詞不定式。 如果與中心詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，如果與中心詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系， ； 如果與中心詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，如果與中心詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系， ； 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式t

7、o do表示將來(lái)。表示將來(lái)。 一般用一般用V-ing形式形式一般用一般用V-ed形式形式解題技巧解題技巧 4. 4. 空格處還有可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，一般空格處還有可能是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，一般填形容詞形式。填形容詞形式。 形容詞要形容詞要根據(jù)上下文來(lái)確定根據(jù)上下文來(lái)確定意思，進(jìn)而確意思，進(jìn)而確定用哪個(gè)單詞；定用哪個(gè)單詞； 有時(shí)也可以有時(shí)也可以根據(jù)前后介詞的搭配根據(jù)前后介詞的搭配來(lái)確定；來(lái)確定； 有時(shí)括號(hào)里會(huì)有時(shí)括號(hào)里會(huì)給出這個(gè)單詞的其他形式給出這個(gè)單詞的其他形式，讓你填出形容詞的形式。讓你填出形容詞的形式。解題技巧解題技巧5. 5. 缺少介詞。缺少介詞。 介詞可位于介詞可位于名詞之前名詞之前。如。如at n

8、ight, on Sunday等；等； 也可位于也可位于形容詞之后形容詞之后，如，如be interested in, be good at等；等； 還可位于還可位于不及物動(dòng)詞之后不及物動(dòng)詞之后，如，如listen to, arrive at, look for等。等。 解題技巧解題技巧 6. 6. 從句子結(jié)構(gòu)考慮，如果空格前后都有句子，從句子結(jié)構(gòu)考慮，如果空格前后都有句子，則要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~或則要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~或連詞。連詞。 表示遞進(jìn)：表示遞進(jìn)：because, for since等；等；so, therefore, hence, thus等；等；

9、 further, furthermore, moreover, in addition等；等； but, nevertheless, however, yet, while, although, though, actually, practically等。等。 表示轉(zhuǎn)折：表示轉(zhuǎn)折：表示結(jié)果：表示結(jié)果： 表示原因：表示原因：解題技巧解題技巧 7 7、當(dāng)句中主、謂、賓成分都不缺少、當(dāng)句中主、謂、賓成分都不缺少時(shí)，則應(yīng)考慮是否時(shí)，則應(yīng)考慮是否缺少副詞缺少副詞來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或整個(gè)句子。形容詞或整個(gè)句子。 常見(jiàn)的副詞有：常見(jiàn)的副詞有：always, usually, never, s

10、ometimes, not, hard, quite, very, still, almost, already等。等。 解題技巧解題技巧 8 8、從語(yǔ)境考慮，有時(shí)需要用、從語(yǔ)境考慮，有時(shí)需要用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示特定的語(yǔ)氣或感情。表示特定的語(yǔ)氣或感情。 I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I wa

11、s going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honor of receiving me 33 a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a

12、 tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35 small town some 20 kilometres away 36 there was a garage. I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 37 villagers brought me

13、goats cheese and honey. We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 39 the trouble I had caused 40 .Lets have a try:(whole) Clue ?a story?Style: I was on my way to the Taiyeto

14、s Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honor of receiving me 33 a gues

15、t in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35 small town some 20 kilometres away 36 there was a garage. brok

16、ewhoassettledawhere_ I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 37 villagers brought me goats cheese and honey. We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night. When the time came for me to say goodbye to

17、my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 39 the trouble I had caused 40 .Othermerrilyforher Grammar items Numbers of items 1. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞/非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞2 ( 5.brought 8.traveled.)2. 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞2 (9. when)3. prep.(介詞介詞)2 (6. as 2.from)4. adj. （ 形容詞）形容詞）1 (10.longer )5. adv. (副詞副詞)1 (7. mainly)6. pr

18、on.(代詞代詞,名詞）名詞）1 (3.examples)7. article ( 冠詞冠詞) 1 (1. the) 真題分析與研究真題分析與研究 Determiner(限定詞限定詞):Articles(冠詞冠詞): Conj.(連詞連詞)Part of speech(詞性詞性),others:v. (-ing, to do, done)非謂語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)n./ v./ adj./ adv./ prefix / suffixNoun clauses, （what, if, whether）Adverbial clause, (when, where, why)Attributive clause (

19、which, who, that, whose)等各種從句等各種從句some, whole, any, otherindefinite articles 不定冠詞不定冠詞(a/ an)definite article 定冠詞定冠詞 (the)Pron.(代詞代詞)I, me, my, mine, myself轉(zhuǎn)折轉(zhuǎn)折,并列并列,遞進(jìn)遞進(jìn) 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)Examples Wow, I test you now!句子成分劃分句子成分劃分Focus on (聚焦語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)聚焦語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)) Soon after Dave left college, one of his uncles, who wasr

20、ich and had no children of his own died and left Dave a lotof money, so he decided to set up his own real estateagency. He found a nice office, bought some new furniture andmoved in. He had only been there for a few hours when heheard someone coming towards the door of his office. “Its my first cust

21、omer!” he thought. He quickly picked upthe telephone and pretended to be very busy answering animportant call from some one in New Work who wanted tobuy a big and expensive house in the country. The man knocked at the door while this was going on,came in and waited politely for the agent to finish h

22、isconversation. Then he said to him, “Im from the telephonecompany, and I was sent here to connect your telephone.”(Pron.)引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞(parallel, tense agreement)(Determiner)限定詞限定詞(ordinal number) (-ing)(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)(Conj.)(Voice)(Adv.)(Article) (Prep.)(Phrases) phrasesTask 3: Discovery of methods to improv

23、e Grammatical Cloze Tests ( by discussing )n討論討論結(jié)論結(jié)論 (method)n從另一個(gè)角度思考如何提高從另一個(gè)角度思考如何提高語(yǔ)法填空的能力語(yǔ)法填空的能力Conclusion (method):1.vocabularies: 2. sentences:3. prep. / conj. :4. by means of “cloze”5. more excisesa. part of speech (n. / v./ adj. / adv.)learn and useb. prefix / suffixanalyze structures (long,

24、 difficult)Task 4: Exploration Practice (designing)u Read your passage.u Design ten blanks for your partner to fill in . u Exchange your designs and finish it. Hehe,Test your partner now!(拓展練習(xí)拓展練習(xí))Item題號(hào)及答案Comment & AssessmentPart of speech..9.10. Most Americans dont like to get advice

25、 1 members of their family. They get advice from “ 2 (strange)”. When they need advice, they dont usually go to people they know. 3 ,many of them write letters to newspapers and magazines 4 give advice on any different subjects 5 (include) family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child

26、 care, clothes, 6 even on how to buy a house or a car. Most newspapers 7 (regular) print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are answers 8 (write) by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, 9 are lawyers or educators

27、. But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special 10 (train) for this kind of work.fromstrangersInsteadthatincludingandregularlywrittenOtherstraining When you are in England you must be very careful in the streets 1 the traffic drives on the left. Before you cross a street you

28、 must look to the right first 2 then the left. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from 3 , the streets are very busy. Traffic is most 4 (danger) then. When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, 5 . Always remember the traffic moves on the left. So you must be careful. 6 (have) a look first, or you will go 7 wrong way. In many English cities, there are big buses 8 two floors. Your can sit on the 9 (two) floor, 10 you can see the city very well. Its very intere