四種名詞性從句講解與練習(xí)

1、四種名詞性從句（賓語從句、主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句）講解與練習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句的連詞、語序、時(shí)態(tài)和各種變化及特殊用法（直接引證變間接引語也在賓語從句的基礎(chǔ)上還要進(jìn)行人稱、狀語、少數(shù)動(dòng)詞和句型的變化）是為學(xué)習(xí)其它三種名詞性從句（主從、表從、同位從）做鋪墊，連詞、語序、時(shí)態(tài)基本相同，只是后三種考點(diǎn)相對(duì)賓 語從句少的多，主要是對(duì)連詞的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行考查。所以學(xué)好賓語從句是必要的。賓語從句三注意三特殊一注意：注意引導(dǎo)詞（連詞）由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化而來的賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞為that，that在口語或非正式文體中可省略；由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化而來的賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞為if或whether;由特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化而來的賓語

2、從句，引導(dǎo)詞為句子本身的特殊疑問詞，即what， when, where等。例如：Tom says （that） he will fly to Beiji ng tomorrow.湯姆說他明天將要坐飛機(jī)去北京。He asked me if / whether I kn ow his name.他問我是否知道他的名字。I want to know where you went yesterday. 我想知道你昨天去哪兒 了。二注意：注意從句語序賓語從句的語序應(yīng)該為陳述句語序，即主語+謂語+賓語+其他”也就是說，將疑問句轉(zhuǎn)化成賓語從句時(shí)，一定要將疑問句語序轉(zhuǎn)變成陳述句語序。例如：Can you t

3、ell me what he is doing? 你能告訴我他正在做什么嗎？<特別提醒 > 當(dāng)疑問句在賓語從句中做主語時(shí)，語序不變。例如：Do you know what makes him so an gry?你知道什么事使他如此生氣嗎？I don ' t know what is wrong with her.我不知道她出什么事了。三注意：注意從句時(shí)態(tài)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，則賓語從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況用任意的時(shí)態(tài)；但主句為一般過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語從句則要用過去的相對(duì)應(yīng)的某種時(shí)態(tài)。例如：She tells me that she will come by trai n.她說她將要坐火

4、車來。She told me that she would come by trai n.她說她將要坐火車來。<特別提醒 > 如果賓語從句表示的是客觀真理或是科學(xué)事實(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger tha n the moon.老師告訴我們說太陽比月球大得多。習(xí)題：(1) I don ' t knowor notA . whether he is at homeB . if he is at homeC. that he is at homeD . whether is he

5、 at home(2) This depends onthe weather is fine .A. whichB. whetherC. ifD. that(3) The teacher asked the new studentclass he was in.A. whichB . whereC . ifD . that(4) I don ' t knowMr Green will come to see us . He' II help us with our English .A . whyB .whe nC . howD . where(5) Be careful! D

6、on' t break the bottles.Do you hearI said? David?Yes, MumA . what B. that C . why D . if類型二：賓語從句的語序一一陳述句語序(1) Did you find out?A . she was look ing for whose childB . whose child was she look ing forC .whose child she is look ing forD .whose child she was look ing for(2) Are you interested in?A

7、. how did he do it B . he did it how C . how he did it D . he how did it(3) I don ' t know Can you tell me?A . how the two players are oldB . how old are the two playersC .the two players are how oldD . how old the two players are(4) What did the scie ntist say?He said he won dered ifinto space

8、by spaceship one day .A . he had to fly B . he could fly C . can he fly D . could he fly(5) Excuse me,sir . Could you tell me?A . Where the bank n earestB . where is the n earest bankC . where the n earest bank isD . the n earest bank is where類型三：時(shí)態(tài)(1)It ' s 730 .1 can ' t believe youcook in

9、g dinner yetSallyA .haven' t started B . didn 't C .do n' t start D .had n't started(2)The teacher told us yesterday that December 25Christmas Day .A .isB . wasC . has bee nD .will be(3)The teacher said that the earthround the sun .A .goesB . go C . went Dwill go(4)We ' d like to

10、 tell you that youthe exam .A .have passedB . had passedC. passD . will pass(5)“ Could you tell me?”“ YTheyto the library . ”A .where are the twins , have beenB . where were the twins, have bee nC. where the twins are , have gone D, where the twins were , have gone類型一：ABABA類型二DCDBC類型三AAAAC主語從句（與賓詞從句

11、連詞、語序、時(shí)態(tài)相同。只是不能用if, that不可??；考點(diǎn)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單，考連詞和時(shí)態(tài)。所以只要理解了句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意思，連詞很容易就能填出來）。（一）、主語從句是一個(gè)句子，在句子中作主語成分。（二），主語從句的特點(diǎn)1與賓語從句使用同樣的連接詞，只是if不能用；1）、陳述句用that。2）、一般疑問句用 whethero3） 、特殊疑問句用特殊疑問詞what, which, who,when, where, why, how 等詞引導(dǎo)。2經(jīng)常隱身（以it為形式主語出現(xiàn)）。例句：1.1 t's true that the earth is round.That the earth is rou

12、nd is true.2. 表是否的意思時(shí)，不能用 if代替whether.It has n't bee n decided whether he'll come or not.Whether he'll come or not has n't bee n decided.3. 從句語序?yàn)橹髦^賓正常語序。Why did n't he come?Why he did n't come is not known.（三）、熟記以下變化Whoever =no matter who=a ny one whoWhomever =no matter who=a

13、 ny one whoWhoseever =no matter whose=a ny one whoseWhichever =no matter which=a ny one whichWhatever= no matter what=a nything thatWhat=先行詞 +which/that主語從句練習(xí)1. makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever2. It worried her a bither hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C.

14、 if D. for3. Whe n and why he came hereyet.A. is not known B. are not knownC. has not known D. have not known4. is no reas on for dismiss ing her.A. Because she was a few minu tes lateB. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minu tes lateD. Being a few minutes late5. Tom liked to

15、 eat was differe nt from.A. That that you had expectedB. What that you had expectedC. That what you had expectedD. What what you had expected6. we go swimming every day us a lot of good.A. If.doB. That.doC. If.does D. That.does7.It Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D

16、. is thought that8.It's uncertain the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how9. the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which10. we can't get seems better than we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what11. you do

17、n't like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether12. we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where13. is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who14. we'll finish translating the book d

18、epends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That15. he won't go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This16. the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What17. .you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether18. Do

19、you know he expects will give us a talk.A. who B. whom C. that D. whose19. team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How20.leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who同位語從句（一）、理解同位語從句的含義，把握同位語從句的實(shí)質(zhì)if)1、在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語的從

20、句稱為同位語從句；所用連詞與賓語從句（除不能用 和主語從句相同2、連詞1）、陳述句用 that。2）、一般疑問句用 whether。3）、特殊疑問句用特殊疑問詞what, which, who,when, where, why, how 等詞引導(dǎo) 。3、常放在 fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion, 等抽象名詞后面，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換言之，同位 語從句和所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上為同一關(guān)系

21、，對(duì)其內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步說明。例： The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他們比賽獲勝 的消息很快傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校。析： they had won the game 說明 The news 的全部?jī)?nèi)容，因此該句為同位語從句。（二）、正確運(yùn)用同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，準(zhǔn)確把握同位語從句1如同位語從句意義完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。（即that不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用）例： The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the r

22、iver at once. 將軍下達(dá)了戰(zhàn) 士們立即過河的命令。析： the soldiers should cross the river at once 是 the order 的全部?jī)?nèi)容，且意義完整，因此 應(yīng)用 that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句。2. 如一般疑問句 whether做同位語從句的連詞，譯成"是否"（if不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句）。例： We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time. 我們將討論運(yùn) 動(dòng)會(huì)是否會(huì)如期舉行的問題。析： the sports meetin

23、g will be held on time 一般疑問句做同位語從句，原句為： Will the sports meeting be held on time?3. 如同位語是特殊疑問句做同位語從句，連詞就應(yīng)用when,where,how 等疑問詞引導(dǎo)例 1 ： I have no idea when he will be back.析： when he will be back 原句為 When will he be back?例 2： I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike.析： How did he go home? 是

24、原句，連詞就 How.4. 當(dāng)主句的謂語較短，而同位語從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，同位語從句常后置。如： The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想到敵人可能 已經(jīng)逃出城了。（三）、把握同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別，明確同位語從句和相似從句的界限 同位語從句和定語從句相似，都放在某一名詞或代詞后面，但同位語從句不同于定語從句。 同位語從句對(duì)名詞加以補(bǔ)充說明， 是名詞全部?jī)?nèi)容的體現(xiàn)， 且名詞和同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞均 不在從句中作成分；定語從句說明先行詞的性質(zhì)與特征，與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系， 且名詞和定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞均

25、在從句中作成分。區(qū)分時(shí)可以在先行詞與與從句之間加一個(gè)系動(dòng)詞be,使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)新句子，如果句子通順且符合邏輯，則為同位語從句，反之，則為定語從句。如： The report that he was going to resign was false.他將辭職的傳聞是假的。因?yàn)?the report was that he was going to resign 句意通順，所以， that he was going to resign 是 同位語從句。例 1 ： Information has been put forward more middle school graduates will b

26、e admittedinto universities.（NMET2001 上海 ）A.while B.that C.when D.as析：答案為 B。 more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities 是 Information的內(nèi)容，且 Information 不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語從句。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于：It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities ， this is the inform

27、ation has been put forward.A.what B.that C.when D.as析：答案為 B。 that has been put forward 為 information 的修飾性定語，且 information 在 從句中作主語，所以該句為定語從句。例 2： She heard a terrible noise, brought her heart into her mouth.（MET91）A.it B.which C.this D.that析：答案為B。分析語境含義、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分可知，該句為非限制性定語從句， 先行詞為 a terrible noise

28、 ，且它在從句中作主語。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于：I can't stand the terrible noise she is crying loudly.A.it B.which C.this D.that析：答案為 D。 she is crying loudly 是 the terrible noise 的內(nèi)容，且 the terrible noise 不在 從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語從句。同位語從句練習(xí)：1. The fact she works hard is well known to us all.A.that B.what C.why D.which2. The fact h

29、e was successful proves his ability.A.that B.what C.which D.why3. The news he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A.what B.that C.why D.when4. His suggestion the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.which B.that C./D.it5.I have no idea he will start.A.when B.that C.what D./6.I've come from the go

30、vernment with a message the meeting won't be held tomorrow.A.if B.that C.whether D.which7. The thought he might fail in the exam worried him.A.when B.which C.what D.that8. The order the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A.which B.whether C.that D.what9. The nurses are trying their best to re

31、duce the patient's fear he would die of the disease.A.that B.as C.of which D.which10. He often asked me the question the work was worth doing.A.whether B.where C.that D.when表語從句1、概述 用作表語的從句叫作表語從句，它位于主句中的連系動(dòng)詞之后。2、引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有從屬連詞（所用連詞與賓語從句（除不能用if ）和主語從句相同、同位語從句相同） ，不同之處還可用 because, as if ; as though

32、 引導(dǎo)。1）、陳述句用 that。2）、一般疑問句用 whether。3） 、特殊疑問句用特殊疑問詞what, which, who,when, where, why, howwhose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等詞引導(dǎo) 。3、That 引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，在口語中，間或可以省略。The trouble is that we are short of money. 困難是我們資金短缺。That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields. 這就

33、是為什么在新 英格蘭用石頭墻而不用柵欄的原因。At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow. 當(dāng)時(shí) ,我似乎怎么也想不出 一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃怼?、陳述句做表語從句連詞that， that 在引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)無詞義。一般疑問句用 whether 引導(dǎo)， whether 有詞義，意為、 “是否 ”。這時(shí)主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞，如question（問題）,trouble（麻煩）,problem（問題），result（結(jié)果），chanee（可能性）,suggestion（建議）,idea（想法），

34、reason理由）等。表語從句對(duì)主句主語 進(jìn)行說明、解釋，使主語的內(nèi)容具體化。The trouble is （that） she has lost his money. 麻煩的事是他丟了錢。The questi on is whether we n eed more ice cream .問題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋。The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use. 問題是它作為日常之用太貴重了。 What she couldn't understand was that fewer and fewer studen

35、ts showed interest in her lessons.我們不能理解越來越少的學(xué)生對(duì)他的課不感興趣。5、由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句。who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等引導(dǎo)表語從句， 在 句中作主語、賓語、表語，疑問代詞不能省略。The question is which of us should go. 問題是我們哪一個(gè)應(yīng)該去。The problem was who could do the work. 問題是誰能做這項(xiàng)工作。That's what he is worry

36、ing about. 那就是他在擔(dān)心的事。That's what we should do. 那是我們應(yīng)該做的。Go and get your coat. It's where you left it. 去把雨衣拿來。就在你原來放的地方。I had n either a rain coat nor an umbrella. That' s why I 我們既沒傘ou沒雨衣，這是我們淋濕的原因。That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year. 那就是老鼠是怎樣每年損害大量糧食的。 That is what he

37、is worried about. 那就是他所擔(dān)心的。6、由連詞 because， as if/as though 等引導(dǎo)的表語從句。 It looked as if it was going to snow. 看起來好像要下雪了。That's because we never thought of it. 這是因?yàn)槲覀儚奈聪脒^此事。It seems as if he did nt'et answer.好像他不知道答案。表語從句1. The question is we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. ifC. wh

38、en D. whether2 The reason why he failed is he was too careless.A. because B. thatC. forD. because of3. Go and get your coat. It' s you left itA. where B. there C. there where D. where there4The problem is to take the place of TedA. who can we getB. what we can getC. who we can getD. that we can

39、get5. What I want to know ishe likes the gift give n by us.A. that B. if C. whether D.不填6. The reas on isI missed the bus.A. thatB. whe nC. whyD. what7. That iswe were late last time.A. that B. whe n C. why D. what8. She lookedshe were ten years youn ger.A. that B. like C. as D. as though9. I fell s

40、ick!-I think it isyou are doing too much.A. why B. whe nC. what D. because10. The reas on why he has nA. because his mother is ill）tt come is.B. because of his mother' s being illC. that his mother is ill11. He was born here.D. for his mother is ill-That ishe likes the place so much.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how12. That isLu Xun once lived.A. whatB. where C. thatD. why高考練習(xí)1 I drove to