仁愛版八年級(jí)上英語教案_第1頁
仁愛版八年級(jí)上英語教案_第2頁
仁愛版八年級(jí)上英語教案_第3頁
仁愛版八年級(jí)上英語教案_第4頁
仁愛版八年級(jí)上英語教案_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩44頁未讀 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

1、Unit 1Topic 1Section AThe main activities are 1a and 2a. 本課重點(diǎn)活動(dòng)是1a和2a。. Teaching aims and demands教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. Learn some useful words and expressions:would, cheer, cheeron, team, win, bit, quite a bit/a lot, join, club2. Learn future tense with “be going to”:(1) You know I will play in the basketball game

2、 between Class Three and our class this Sunday.(2) Are you going to join the school skating club?Yes, I am. / No, I am not.3. Talk about preference:Which sport do you prefer, skating or skiing?4. Talk about sports and games. Teaching aids教具錄音機(jī)/圖片/小黑板. Five-finger Teaching Plan五指教學(xué)方案Step 1 Review第一步

3、復(fù)習(xí) (時(shí)間:10分鐘)1.T:New term begins. This is the first English lesson of this term. Welcome back to school, boys and girls. Did you enjoy yourselves? What did you do during your vacation? Did you do sports? I want to know if you had a happy summer holiday.Ss:T: Which sport did you do? S1 , please.S1: I

4、played in the summer holiday.T: Which sport do you like best?S1: I like best.T: We all know sports are good for our health. Now lets review some sports we learned before.2. (教師展示一些關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)的圖片, 復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)過的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目名稱。教師拿出第一幅圖片,圖上有學(xué)生在游泳。)T:What is he doing? S2, please.S2: He is swimming.T: Do you like swimming?S2: Y

5、es, I do. /No, I dont.T: How often do you go swimming?S2: Twice a week. /Never. T: Where do you usually go swimming?S2:In the swimming pool. /In the river (教師拿出第二幅圖片,圖上有學(xué)生在滑冰。)T:What are they doing? S3, please.S3: They are skating.T: Do you like skating?S3: Yes, I do. /No, I dont.T: Which season is

6、the best to skate?S3: I think its winter.T: What other sports do you like?S3:I like (教師拿出第三幅圖片,圖上學(xué)生們在打籃球。)T: Look at the picture. Do you know what they are doing? S4, please.S4: They are playing basketball.T: Do you like playing basketball?S4: Yes, I do. /No, I dont.T: How many players are there in

7、a basketball team? S4: There are five.T: Who do you usually play with?S4: My classmates. /My friends( 教師盡量多使用一些圖片,讓學(xué)生根據(jù)圖片練習(xí)。)Step 2 Presentation第二步 呈現(xiàn)(時(shí)間:10分鐘)1.T:Im very glad you all like doing sports and know a lot about sports. Now look at the picture in 1a. What is Michael going to do? S1, pleas

8、e.S1: He is going to play basketball.(板書句型)What is Michael going to do?He is going to play basketball.(讓學(xué)生判斷板書中的句型是表示什么時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。)2.T:Is Michael playing basketball now? S2, please.S2: No.T: Good! You are right. When we express something that is going to happen, we use “be going to”. Now, look at the t

9、wo sentences. Can you find the rule of them? S3, please.S3:Yes, I can. I think its “be going to + do”.(板書結(jié)構(gòu))be going to + do(動(dòng)詞原形)T: Listen to the tape of 1a. Then answer the following questions: Which team is Michaels class going to play with? Is Kangkang going to cheer them on?Ss:T: Listen again.

10、Follow the tape. Pay attention to your pronunciation. Check your intonation and stress.3.(教師展示圖片,圖上有許多人在歡呼、加油。)T: What are they doing?Ss: They are cheering us on.(板書)cheer sb. onT: Well done! Now please read the dialog in 1a. Boys are Michael and girls are Kangkang. While you are reading, underline

11、the key words and expressions.basketball, saw, play, every day, summer, game, between, Class Three, Sunday, come, cheer. on, Id love to, first, term, hope, winStep 3 Consolidation第三步 鞏固(時(shí)間:5分鐘)1. T: Suppose you meet your classmates on the playground today and you want to know what kind of sports he/

12、she did during the summer holiday. Please make a similar conversation with your partner according to 1a. You can use the key words here.play, summer, homework, Im afraid, Id like to, hope(學(xué)生兩人一組編對話,教師進(jìn)行巡視,必要時(shí)應(yīng)給予指導(dǎo)。)2. (找三至五組學(xué)生到教室前面表演他們所編的對話。)S1:Hi, S2: Hi, I am going to play Are you going to play wi

13、th us?S1:Im afraid I cant. I have to do my homework first. By the way, I saw you play almost every day during the summer holiday.S2: Yes. You know I am going to play in thegame between and our team this Saturday. Would you like to come and cheer us on?S1:Of course. Id like to. And I hope you will wi

14、n.(對于表演或編寫對話優(yōu)秀的小組,教師應(yīng)給予鼓勵(lì)性的表揚(yáng)。)3. T:Discuss with your partner what you are going to do this term.(操練be going to + do句型)T:S3, what are you going to do this term?S3:Im going to do more exercise.T: What about you, S4?S4:Im going to make a soccer team.T: Oh, its a great plan. S5, do you know what your p

15、artner(S6) is going to do?S5: Yes. He is going to learn to play the piano.(教師盡量引導(dǎo)學(xué)生多練習(xí)be going to + do句型, 用不同的人稱、句式使他們掌握它的用法。)Step 4 Practice第四步 練習(xí) (時(shí)間:15分鐘)1. T: There are so many different kinds of sports. Some students like playing soccer. Some like skating. Everyone has his own favorite sport. N

16、ow, lets discuss which sport you prefer.(板書)preferWhich sport do you prefer, skating or skiing?I prefer skating.(教師可適當(dāng)講解prefer的用法,本部分主要復(fù)習(xí)選擇疑問句,注意引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在討論的時(shí)候應(yīng)用到“or”。)T: Which sport do you prefer, or?S1:I prefer S2:T: S3, if you prefer swimming, how often do you go swimming? Do you go swimming much?S3:

17、 About three times a week. I often go swimming.T: Oh, you can also say “Yes, quite a lot.” or “Yes, quite a bit.”(板書)quite a bit/a lotT:S4(一個(gè)平時(shí)不太喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)的學(xué)生), do you often do outdoor activities/do you do outdoor activities much?S4: No, I dont.T: You can also say “No, seldom.”T: Suppose there is a basket

18、ball club in our school. Do you want to join it? And are you going to be a member of the club?(板書)join, club, member(給學(xué)生解釋相關(guān)的新單詞,給一點(diǎn)兒時(shí)間,熟悉一下新單詞。)T:Discuss with your partner. Which sport club would you like to join? Are you going to join club?S5:I am going to join club.S6:I am going to be a member of

19、 club.S7:T:Look at pictures in 2a. Here are many kinds of sports: skating, skiing, volleyball and so on. Make up dialogs after the example.(以兩個(gè)人一組的形式完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù),學(xué)生們除了可以用書上所給出的運(yùn)動(dòng)名稱, 也可以選用他們所知道的其它運(yùn)動(dòng)名稱進(jìn)行對話。)2. (小組活動(dòng)。使用圖片進(jìn)行看圖說話表演,談?wù)撟约鹤钕矚g的體育活動(dòng),教師提供一些運(yùn)動(dòng)的圖片。)T:Now, work in groups. You can use the pictures in my

20、 hands to choose which sport is your favorite. And say something about this kind of sport. For example: I prefer playing volleyball. I usually play it after class. There are six players in each team. We must hit the ball with our handsSs:3. (做一個(gè)練習(xí)“be going to+do”句型的游戲。)(每組派一名學(xué)生上臺(tái),每人做一個(gè)關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,該動(dòng)作要能表

21、達(dá)意愿,要使本組同學(xué)明白是什么意思并能用語言準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出動(dòng)作的意義。)T: Please do an action about your favorite sport.S8:OK. (做了一個(gè)打乒乓球的動(dòng)作。)T:(對第一組學(xué)生)What is he going to do?S9: I think he is going to play table tennis.T:(對S8) Are you going to play table tennis?S8: Yes, I am.T: Good. One point.(假如猜錯(cuò),其他選手重新猜。)(視時(shí)間而定游戲長度,可以讓學(xué)生代替上面老師的提問,

22、也可讓該游戲在組內(nèi)進(jìn)行。四人一組,分兩對練習(xí),一人做動(dòng)作,另一人猜,用“be going to”表達(dá)意愿。)4. (聽力練習(xí)。)T:Michael and Kangkang like doing sports a lot. At weekends, they often do sports. Listen to the tape then answer my questions.When is Michael going to play table tennis?What is Kangkang going to do this Sunday?What is Michael going to

23、do this Saturday morning?(錄音放一遍,教師檢查答案。)S10:T: Listen again and fill in the chart in 2b.(學(xué)生完成2b。)Step 5 Project 第五步 綜合探究活動(dòng)(時(shí)間:5分鐘)1. (了解班級(jí)里其他人所喜愛的運(yùn)動(dòng)。)T:Now please make a survey in class to find out your classmates favorite sports and fill in the form below.(展示小黑板。)NameFavorite sportHow often do you

24、play it?Do you want to join a club?(也可以讓學(xué)生組成小組進(jìn)行調(diào)查,然后再制定表格。)(每個(gè)小組可選出一位代表介紹自己以及同伴所喜歡的體育活動(dòng)。)Like this: My favorite sport is soccer. I play soccer a lot. I think it is very exciting. I am going to join our school soccer club. My group mate ××s favorite sport is .2. Homework:用be going to造五個(gè)句子,

25、要求使用不同人稱、句式。Section BThe main activities are 1a and 2a. 本課重點(diǎn)活動(dòng)是1a和2a。. Teaching aims and demands教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. (1)Go on learning the future tense “be going to + do”:1)What are you going to be when you grow up?Im going to be a dancer.2) Its too bad that they arent going to stay in Beijing for long.(2)Learn s

26、ome useful words and expressions:your, of, dream, grow, grow up, future, in the future, arrive in/at, against, play against, leave, leave for, the day after tomorrow, take part in, shame2. Review the Simple Past Tense:(1) David Beckham, the famous soccer star, arrived in Beijing with his team yester

27、day.(2) They all took part in the 2002 World Cup.3. Talk about the favorite sport and the favorite sports player:(1)Whats your favorite sport, Maria?Basketball, of course.(2)Whos your favorite player?Michael Jordan. / I like Yao Ming best. Teaching aids教具圖片/錄音機(jī). Five-finger Teaching Plan五指教學(xué)方案Step 1

28、 Review第一步 復(fù)習(xí) (時(shí)間:10分鐘)1. (讓學(xué)生盡可能多地說出他們所知道的運(yùn)動(dòng)名稱。)T:In last lesson, we discussed many sports that are our favorites. Do you remember them? What are they? Please tell me the sports names you know.S1: Basketball.S2: Table tennis.S3:2. (學(xué)生在小組里進(jìn)行鏈?zhǔn)綄υ?,討論他們所喜愛的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目,注意使用prefer。)S4: Which sport do you prefer

29、, S5?S5:I prefer . What about you, S6?S6:I prefer . And you, S7? Which sport do you prefer?S7:3. (教師檢查上節(jié)課作業(yè)“打算做什么事”, 復(fù)習(xí)“be going to+do”。)T: At the beginning of the term, everyone has some plans. You are going to do a lot of things to study well and make your school lives more interesting. Now, pleas

30、e tell others your plans. What are you going to do?S8:Im going to join an English club.S9:Im going to learn how to cook.S10:(可以讓學(xué)生在小組內(nèi)進(jìn)行問答形式的練習(xí)。)S11:Im going to learn English much better this term. What are you going to do, S12?S12:Im going to S13, are you going to ?S13: Yes, I am. /No, I am not. An

31、d you, S14?S14:4. (找學(xué)生對上節(jié)課所學(xué)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)匯報(bào),如:他/她最喜愛的運(yùn)動(dòng),多長時(shí)間進(jìn)行一次運(yùn)動(dòng),他/她打算加入什么運(yùn)動(dòng)俱樂部,還有其他什么喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。)(拿出小黑板。)My favorite sport is _. I play _a lot/much.I think it is very_ I am going to join the school_ club.T: Please report the sport you like best to the class. You can use the examples on the blackboard.S15:(學(xué)生

32、也可使用第三人稱,報(bào)告其他同學(xué)的有關(guān)信息。)5. (通過圖片導(dǎo)入本課新單詞。)T:Look at this picture. What is she doing?S1: She is dreaming.T:Yes, she is dreaming. And her dream is to be a teacher in the future.(板書)dream,in the future(對單詞稍做解釋即可。)T: Please make some new sentences with “dream” and “in the future”.S17:My dream is to be in t

33、he future.S18: My dream is to be a doctor in the future, or Im going to be a doctor when I grow up.T: Good!(板書)grow up(教師解釋grow up。)T: Please make sentences with “grow up”.S19:(教師展示圖片2。)T: What is she doing?S20: She is dancing.T: Can you guess what she does?S21:I think she is a dancer.(板書)dancerStep

34、 2 Presentation第二步 呈現(xiàn)(時(shí)間:10分鐘)1. (教師出示一些著名運(yùn)動(dòng)員的圖片,最好是同學(xué)們所熟知的人物,如:劉翔、鄧亞萍、邁克爾·喬丹等。)T: Who are they?S: They are famous sports players. Liu Xiang is a famous hurdler, Michael Jordan is a famous basketball player. T: Do you like them? Are they your favorite players? Maybe some of you like them very m

35、uch. Maybe some of you like other famous players. Michael and Maria are talking about their favorite sports and favorite players. Listen to the dialog and then answer the questions:Whats Michaels favorite sport? What about Maria?Whos Michaels favorite player?What is Michael going to be when he grows

36、 up?Whats Marias dream?(播放一遍錄音,學(xué)生只聽不跟讀。)(檢查答案。)3. (學(xué)生自己閱讀對話1a,劃出關(guān)鍵詞、關(guān)鍵句。)Michael: favorite sport, player, Yao Ming, a basketball player, like him, dream, grow upMaria: basketball, Michael Jordan, Shanghai, Houston Rockets, NBA, dancerStep 3 Consolidation 第三步 鞏固(時(shí)間:5分鐘)1. (教師重新放錄音,學(xué)生跟讀。)T: Read after

37、 the tape. Pay attention to your pronunciation, intonation and stress. Go!2. (找學(xué)生分角色表演對話1a。)T: Work in pairs and act the dialog out.3. (學(xué)生兩人之間討論他們所喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)、運(yùn)動(dòng)明星以及未來的夢想。)T: Discuss with your partner about your favorite sports, sports players and your dreams in the future. Make a similar dialog according

38、 to 1a. Go!(引導(dǎo)學(xué)生使用新學(xué)的單詞,找?guī)捉M學(xué)生在班級(jí)前表演他們的對話。)4. T: Work in groups. Make a survey about your classmates favorite sports, sports players and dreams, then report to the class. When others report, please fill in the chart in 1b.(以四人一小組的形式討論,每組可選一個(gè)代表來匯報(bào)他們談?wù)摰慕Y(jié)果,具體報(bào)告形式可參照1b中的例子,也可用其他句式。)T: Group One. Are you

39、ready? Please report.S: My friend.s favorite sport is soccer. He thinks it is very exciting. His favorite player is Beckham. Because Beckham is good at playing soccer and he is also handsome and cool. He is going to be a policeman in the future because its his dream job.Step 4 Practice 第四步 練習(xí) (時(shí)間:10

40、分鐘)1. T: S1, do you know a famous soccer player named Beckham?S1: Yes.T: Do you like him?S1:Of course, I do.T: OK. Do you know anything about him?S1:(教師可以根據(jù)學(xué)生所說情況總結(jié)或補(bǔ)充,對貝克漢姆做簡短介紹,可使用漢語。也可以用同樣的方式先介紹下文要出現(xiàn)的其他幾位足球明星,如Ronaldo 和 Zedane。如可能,可以使用他們的海報(bào),使教學(xué)更加直觀。)2. T: David Beckham came to China. Its exciting

41、 news, I think. Do you want to know anything about the news? Look at 2a on page 4. Read the news and answer the following questions:Where did David Beckham arrive yesterday?Who will they play against?What about the soccer fans?Will they stay in Beijing for long?Where will they leave for the day afte

42、r tomorrow?(找學(xué)生回答問題,核對答案。)3. (板書)arrive in/at play against leave for take part in(教師對以上詞組進(jìn)行簡單解釋,并要求學(xué)生會(huì)使用這些詞組,可向?qū)W生介紹leave是方向性動(dòng)詞。)T: Look at the two sentences.I arrived in Shanghai last week.I arrived at our school at 800 this morning.T: Compare the sentences. S2, do you know the difference between “a

43、rrive in” and “arrive at”?S2: Yes.T: Please make up new sentences.S2: T: OK. Next, look at the two sentences.They are leaving for Japan.They will leave for Japan.T: be leaving = will leave. Make up new sentences, S3, please.S3:(可用以上方法教學(xué)生新單詞的用法。)T:Read the passage in 2a again and answer the questions

44、 in 2b.S4:4. T: I know there must be many soccer fans in our class. If you know some famous soccer stars will come to China, you must be very excited. Please help Mike complete the letter to Tony in 2c. Pay attention to the tense.S5:(可多找?guī)孜粚W(xué)生讀這封信。)Step 5 Project第五步 綜合探究活動(dòng)( 時(shí)間:10分鐘)1. (讓學(xué)生仿效2c寫一封短信。)T

45、: Suppose now you know some foreign sports stars arrive in your city, you want to send an e-mail to your best friend to tell him/her this exciting news. Now three minutes to complete an e-mail.(引導(dǎo)學(xué)生盡量使用新學(xué)的單詞、短語,注意使用一般過去時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)。)2. (制作自己喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)員的名片。)T: Please make a card about your favorite sports play

46、er.Name:Age:Sex:Nationality:Number:Team:Hobby:Birthday:Favorite color:Favorite food:T: You can report it to the class. Like this:My favorite sport is is my favorite sports player. He comes from(也可以用第三人稱的方式來介紹別人喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)及運(yùn)動(dòng)員。)Section CThe main activities are 1a and 2. 本課重點(diǎn)活動(dòng)是1a和2。. Teaching aims and dema

47、nds教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. Learn some useful words and expressions:baseball, hour, pretty, pretty well, high jump, long jump, it, popular, all over the world, run, be good for, heart, healthy, keep fit, relax2. Go on learning the Simple Future Tense:(1) There is going to be a school sports meet next month.(2) What a

48、re you going to do tomorrow morning?Im going to play soccer.3. Review the Simple Present Tense:(1) Does she play baseball on Saturday afternoon?Yes, she does.(2) She often goes hiking on Sundays.(3) She spends an hour in the gym every day.4. Go on talking about the favorite sport and reasons:I like

49、playing soccer very much. Because it can make me strong. Teaching aids教具錄音機(jī)/圖片. Five-finger Teaching Plan五指教學(xué)方案Step 1 Review 第一步 復(fù)習(xí)(時(shí)間:10分鐘)1. (學(xué)生使用圖片,兩人一組,到前面進(jìn)行問答表演,復(fù)習(xí)自己所喜歡的體育活動(dòng)。)T: Work in pairs. Please come to the front of blackboard to discuss your favorite sport with your partner. You can use t

50、he pictures here.S:2. (選擇幾個(gè)學(xué)生,復(fù)述上節(jié)課探究活動(dòng)中自己最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。)T: Who can report something about your favorite player? Come to the front.S:T: Here, we can play a game. Ill choose one student to say something about his/her favorite player, such as team, nationality, sex and so on. The others guess who he/she is.

51、 S1 please.S1: My favorite player is a sportsman. He is very tall and he is good at playing basketball. He comes from Shanghai. Do you know who he is?Ss: Yes, we do. He is Yao Ming.T: S2, please.S2:I like a soccer playerSs:(如在游戲中學(xué)生有句意表達(dá)不明確的地方,教師應(yīng)給予幫助。)3. (談?wù)搶W(xué)生們將來的夢想職業(yè)。)T: Everyone has his own favori

52、te player. Because you think those players are very great and cool. They do well in their jobs. Do you want to be a person like your favorite player? What are you going to do when you grow up? S3, please.S3: I like playing basketball very much. Yao Ming is my favorite player. He is very tall and goo

53、d at basketball. I want to be a man like him. And I am going to be a basketball player when I grow up.T: S4, please.S4: I like doing sports, too. But I dont want to be a player in the future. I am going to be an English teacher when I grow up. Thats my dream.S5:S6:(教師可以引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行發(fā)散思維,不應(yīng)只照一個(gè)模式練習(xí)他們的口語表達(dá)能力

54、。鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生們暢所欲言,想說什么就說什么,詞匯量不夠的,教師可給予幫助。)4. (復(fù)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),導(dǎo)入新課。)T: Lets play a game to practice the Simple Present Tense.(教師提供一個(gè)句子,先讀一遍,接下來教師每次都給出一個(gè)新詞,要求一個(gè)學(xué)生把所給的新詞插入句中,并將該句復(fù)述一遍。)T: Ill say a sentence. The first student reads after me. Then Ill give you a new word. Then put the word into the sentence and speak

55、 it out.T: OK. Are you ready? “I go to school”.S7:I go to school.T: Often.S8:I often go to school.T: At six.S9:I often go to school at six.T: He.S10: He often goes to school at six.T: How?S11: How does he often go to school at six?(此游戲時(shí)間大約五分鐘,教師可讓多組學(xué)生來練習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),如果一個(gè)句子進(jìn)行不下去可重新選擇句子,盡量把不同人稱、不同句型的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)都練習(xí)

56、到。)Step 2 Presentation 第二步 呈現(xiàn)(時(shí)間:15分鐘)1. (用圖片教學(xué)生單詞和詞組。)T: Boys and girls. First, lets look at the second picture in 1b. This girl is named Ann. Where is she? S1, please.S1:I think she is in the gym.T: What is she doing? S2, please.(教師展示1b中的第二幅圖片。)S2: She is doing sports.T: And I know she spends an hour in the gym every day.Look at the third picture in 1b. Whats Ann doing?S3, please.S3: She is playing baseball.(可幫助學(xué)生回答。)T: Baseball is a very po

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論