特殊句型及其他

1、一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句（一）強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型1、 陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is/ was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)）+ that/ who（當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)且主語(yǔ)指人）+其它部分。e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.2、 一般疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?3、 特殊疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型： 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞）+ is/ was + it + that/ who +其它部分？e.g. When and where was it that

2、 you were born?4、 強(qiáng) 調(diào)句例句：針對(duì) I met Li Mi ng at the railway statio n yesterday.句子進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)：It was I that （who） met Li Ming at the railway stati on yesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：It was at the railway stati on that I met Li Ming yesterday.強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：It was

3、yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway stati on.5、 注意：構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的 it本身沒(méi)有詞義；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用that, who，即使在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)也如此，that, who不可省略；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的時(shí)態(tài)只用兩種， 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。原句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，用It was， 其余的時(shí)態(tài)用It is。（二）notuntil句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句1、句型為：It is/ was notun til + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that +其它部分e.g. 普通句： He didn ' t go to bed

4、 until/ till his wife came back. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.2、 注意：此句型只用 until，不用till。但如果不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，till, until可通用；因?yàn)榫?型中It is/ was not 已經(jīng)是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。（三）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)1、 It is/ was that結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)，如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，用助動(dòng)詞do/ does 或 did。e.g. Do sit down. 務(wù)必請(qǐng)坐。He did write to

5、 you last week.上周他確實(shí)給你寫(xiě)了信。Do be careful when you cross the street.過(guò)馬路時(shí)，務(wù)必（千萬(wàn)）要小心??！2、 注意：此種強(qiáng)調(diào)只用 do/ does和did，沒(méi)有別的形式；過(guò)去時(shí)用did，后面的謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞用原形。二、It的用法（一）作人稱代詞1、it代替前面（或后面）的單數(shù)名詞或分句等所表示的事物。e.g. You cannot eat your cake but have it. （it 代替前面的 cake）Although we ca nnot see it, there is air all around us. （it 代替后

6、面的 air） They say he has left town, but I don ' t believe it.（it 代替前面 Theytown 分句中的情況）2、代替有生命但不能或不必分陰陽(yáng)性的東西（包括嬰兒） 。e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high. （it 代替前面的 tree）The baby cried because it was hungry. （it 代替前面的 baby）3、在某些習(xí)慣說(shuō)法中，可以代替人。e.g. - Some one is kn ock ing a

7、t the door, Peter. - Who is it? - It ' s me.-Who are singing?- It is the childre n.-The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experime nt.4、 it與one的區(qū)別：這兩個(gè)詞都可以代表前面說(shuō)過(guò)的名詞，但it用于同名同物的場(chǎng)合； one則用于同名異物的場(chǎng)合。e.g. - Do you still have the bicycle?- No, I have sold it.-Is t

8、his knife yours?- No. It is Xiao Zhang' s. Mine is the one on the desk.5、 it與that的區(qū)別：兩詞都可代替某一特定名詞，但that指同一類，并非同一個(gè)。e.g. The climate of South China is mild （溫和的） ;I like it very much. （it 指 the climate of South Chi na）The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan. （ that 扌旨 the clim

9、ate）（二）作無(wú)人稱代詞it作無(wú)人稱代詞時(shí)，除了句中找不到它所代表的詞語(yǔ)外，另一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是它后面的內(nèi)容都是表示天氣、時(shí)間、距離、度量衡及情況等。It is fine （rainy, windy, etc.）.It is noon.It is a half hour' s walk to the factory.It is eightee n square metres in area.What does it matter?（三）作強(qiáng)調(diào)詞，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)用以幫助改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)，使句子的某一成分受到強(qiáng)調(diào)。“It is （was） +所強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分 +that （who） +其它成分?！痹谶@個(gè)句

10、型中，it本身沒(méi)有詞義。詳見(jiàn)“一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句”。（四）引導(dǎo)詞it作形式主語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)）為了使句子平衡，常采用形式主語(yǔ)（或賓語(yǔ)）it，而把真正的主語(yǔ)（或賓語(yǔ)）置于句子后面。通常引導(dǎo)詞it與它所代替的句子成分中間要夾有某些詞。e.g. It takes half an hour to go there on foot. （It 與 to go there on foot 之間夾有 takes half an hour四個(gè)詞）We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not come last night.（it 與 that 從句中間夾有stra nge）但有時(shí)it與

11、所替代部分之間并不夾有其它詞。e.g. You may depend on it that they will support you.（因?yàn)榻樵~ on 之后一般不直接接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。注意：it不是多余的，不能當(dāng)作錯(cuò)句）三、省略為了使講話和行文簡(jiǎn)潔，句中某些成分有時(shí)可省略。省略可分以下幾種情況：（一）簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略1、省略主語(yǔ)：祈使句中主語(yǔ)通常省略。其它省略主語(yǔ)多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說(shuō)法。e.g. （I） Tha nk you for your help.（括號(hào)內(nèi)為省略的詞語(yǔ)，下同）（I） see you tomorrow .（It） Doesn' t matter.2、省略主謂語(yǔ)

12、或主謂語(yǔ)的一部分。e.g. （There is） No smoking.（Is there） Anything wrong? Why （do you） not say hello to him?3、省略作賓語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)，只保留 to。e.g.Are you going there? I ' d like to (go there).He did not give me the chanee, though he had promised to (give me the chanee).注意：如果該賓語(yǔ)是be動(dòng)詞或完成時(shí)態(tài)，則須在 to之后加上be或have。e.g. - Are yo

13、u an engin eer?No, but I want to be.-He hasn ' t finished the task yet.Well, he ought to have.4、省略表語(yǔ)。e.g. - Are you thirsty?- Yes, I am (thirsty).5、同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)成分。e.g. Let ' s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.-Have you fini shed your work?- (I have) Not (fi ni shed my work) yet.(二) 并列句

14、中的省略兩個(gè)并列分句中，后一個(gè)分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。e.g. My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nu rse.I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.(三) 主從復(fù)合句中的省略1、 主句中有一些成分被省略。e.g. (I ' m) Sorry to h ear that you are ill.(It is a) Pity that he missed such a good cha nee.2、 省略了一個(gè)從句或從句的一部分，用so或not (切

15、不可用it或that)代替。e.g. - Is he coming back toni ght?I think so.-Is he feeling better today?- I ' m a fraid not.這種用法常見(jiàn)的有： How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so 及 I suppose not. I believed not. I hope not 等。(但 I don' t think so 比 I think not 更常用)。(四) 其它省略1、連詞that的省略： 、賓語(yǔ)從句中常省略連詞that，但也

16、有不能省略的情況(參看“名詞性從句”等有關(guān)部分)c 、在定語(yǔ)從句中，that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。 、引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句等的連詞that一般不可省略。在表語(yǔ)從句中偶爾可省略。2、不定式符號(hào)to的省略 、并列的不定式可省去后面的tOce.g. I told him to sit dow n and wait for a mome nt. 、某些使役動(dòng)詞(如 let, make, have)及感官動(dòng)詞(如 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, look at和listen to等)后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足的不定式一定要省去to,但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中須把to復(fù)原。e.g. - I

17、saw the boy fall from the tree. - The boy was see n to fall from the tree. 、介詞but前若有動(dòng)詞do,后面的不定式不帶toce.g. The boy did nothing but play.3、在某些狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可省去“主語(yǔ)+ be”部分。(參看“狀語(yǔ)從句”有關(guān)部分)4、連詞if在部分虛擬條件句中可省略，但后面的語(yǔ)序有變化(參見(jiàn)“倒裝句”有關(guān)部分)5、主句與從句各有一些成分省略。e.g. The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).四、插

18、入語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)句子中(尤其在口語(yǔ)中)常插入一些單詞、短語(yǔ)或者句子，用來(lái)補(bǔ)充某些含義。語(yǔ)法上稱他們?yōu)椤安迦胝Z(yǔ)”（一）插入語(yǔ)的類型：1、單詞（多是副詞） ，如：besides, however, otherwise, therefore, though 等。e.g. She is looking fit, thou gh.他看起來(lái)倒是健康。I can, however, discuss this whe n I see you.2、短語(yǔ)e.g. China and In dia, for example, are n eighbours.By the way, where are you from?3、句子e.g. He is an hon est man, I believe. Jack, as far as I know, isn' t clever.（二）插入語(yǔ)的位置通常插入語(yǔ)位于句中，并用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。但有時(shí)，也可位于句首或句末（見(jiàn)上面例句）。也有時(shí)，并不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。e.g. You know that I thi nk you are wron g. 我認(rèn)為，你明白你錯(cuò)了。What on earth do you mean?你究竟是什么意思？（三