英美社會(huì)與文化試題參考答案(僅供參考)

1、.1.what are the general features of Britains independent schools ？An independent school in the United Kingdom is a school relying upon private sources for all ofits funding, predominantly in the form of school fees. In England and Wales the term public school is often used to refer to what is normal

2、ly called in other countries a private school, aterm which originally referred to those schools named in the Public Schools Act 1868. These schools themselves tend to prefer the term independent school.2.why is the United States regarded as a melting pot and a salad ？The melting pot is a metaphor fo

3、r a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, the different elements melting together into a harmonious whole with a common culture. It is particularly used to describe the assimilation of immigrants to the United States; the melting-together metaphor was in use by the 1780s.After 1970 the de

4、sirability of assimilation and the melting pot model was challenged by proponents of multiculturalism, who assert that cultural differences within society are valuableand should be preserved, proposing the alternative metaphor of the salad bowl different cultures mix, but remain distinct.3.why did A

5、merica change its policy and enter world war two?Because the Great Depression lead a worldwide warfare crisis . But in the face of the Warfarecrisis， the thinking of isolationism and anthropocentrism filled the society of America,most of American pay no attention on the war of other countries. It wa

6、s until March of 1941 when thewarfare fo west Europe is become incandescent the Capitol Hill adopt the Act of Lease. This marked US was no longer neutral state but a member of Allies. Than the Pearl Harbor incident finally made the United States enter The World War II on the side of the Allies.4.wha

7、t were Nixons well-known contributions during his presidency?Nixon is noted for his diplomatic foreign policy, especially with the Soviet Union and China, and his efforts to end the Vietnam War. He is also noted for his middle-of-the-road domestic policy that combined conservative rhetoric and, in m

8、any cases, liberal action, as in his environmental policy.As president, Nixon imposed wage and price controls, indexed Social Security for inflation, andcreated Supplemental Security Income. The number of pages added to the Federal Register eachyear doubled under Nixon. He advocated gun control, red

9、uced speed limits, and eradicated thelast remnants of the gold standard. Nixon created the EnvironmentalProtection Agency andOccupational Safety and Health Administration and implemented the Philadelphia Plan, the firstsignificant federal affirmative action program.5.what was the cause of the Americ

10、an civil war?1. Economic and social differences between the North and the South.2. States versus federal rights3. The fight between Slave and Non-Slave State Proponents.4. Growth of the Abolition Movement.5. The election of Abraham Lincoln.6.what are the two characteristics of the U.S construction?t

11、he Statue of LibertyThe Capitol7.what are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?Senator:1) each senator must be at least 30 years old, 2) must have been a citizen of the United States for at least the past nine years, and 3) must be (at the time of the election) an inhab

12、itant of.the state he or she seeks to represent.Each representative must: (1) be at least twenty-five years old; (2) have been a citizen of the United States for the past seven years; and (3) be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant of the state they represent.8.what are the Major powers of th

13、e supreme court?The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States, and leads the federal judiciary. It consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight Associate Justices, who are nominated by the President and confirmed with the advice and consent

14、of the Senate. Justices serve during good Behaviour, which terminates at death, resignation, retirement, or conviction on impeachment. The Court meets in Washington, D.C. in the United States Supreme Court building. The Supreme Court is primarily an appellate court, but has original jurisdiction in

15、a small number of cases.9.how does an American university choose its applicants?It will through some aspects ：transcript ，academic performance ，extra-curricular achievements ， personnel ， inherence ， artistic skills10.what are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a t

16、raditional North American holiday, which is a form of harvest festival. The date and whereabouts of the first Thanksgiving celebration is a topic of modest contention, though the earliest attested Thanksgiving celebration was on September 8,1565 in what is now Saint Augustine, Florida. Despite any s

17、cholarly research to the contrary, however, the traditional first Thanksgiving presented by Chief Massasoit is venerated as having occurred at the site of Plymouth Plantation, in 1621.11.what is the essence of American puritanism?1，puritanism is a strict religiousdoctrine.2, puritanism also has prac

18、tical aspects. Puritans have to work hard, and prepare for the obstacles they will meet in their life.American puritanism contains origional sin, predestination,total depravity ， limited atonement of Gods grace12.what is the lost generation?The Lost Generation is a term used to refer to a collective

19、 group of artists and writers who settledin Europe in the wake of the First World War. Members of the Lost Generation lived in Europe inthe 1920s and early 1930s, and they had a profound impact on society and the arts. Thisgeneration is referred to as “ lost not” because it has faded from memory, bu

20、t because theindividuals in the Lost Generation often expressed a sense of emotional confusion, feeling lost intheir own society.13.what are the characteristics of American writing during the romantic period?reaction against logic and reason; antiscientific in its bent; faith in something inherently

21、 good and transcendent in the human spirit in no need of salvation, but rather in need of awakening.In this romantic period, writers put more emphasis on moral enthusiasm, and their masterpieces were full of passion, emotion, fancy and imagination. They also had a faith in the value of individualism

22、 and intuitive perception, they displayed personalities, express feelings and ideas, emphasize men s rights for freedom and happiness.For their part human nature is of good will. Men can learn the world through their own ability, conscience and intuition. The romantic showed a deep admiration and lo

23、ve for nature. They.praised America s landscape of its primitive forests, meadows, vast plains, seas and blue oceans.The beauty and perfection of nature could enable them to have unutterable joy and exuberance.And nature was regarded as a source of goodness while man s societies a source of corrupti

24、on. Writers like Freneau, Cooper and Bryant took a great interest in external nature in their respective works.14.state the background for the American civil rights movement.The Civil Rights Movement in the United States has been a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and e

25、quality under the law to primarily African American citizens of United States. There have been many movements on behalf of other groups in the U.S. over time, but the term is often used to refer to the struggles between 1955 and 1968 to end discrimination against African-Americans and to end racial

26、segregation, especially in the U.S. South. See African American for information on how various terms have been used at that time period for African Americans.15.make comments on womens liberation movement.The changes women worked for included changes in economic practices, such as not only asking equal work, but also equal opportunity for jobs in fields such as science and technology, management and