超導物理 第一講 講義

1、Overview of Superconductivity“超導物理”第一講浙江大學凝聚態(tài)物理研究所CGH課程介紹n參考書:1)張裕恒：超導物理，中國科技大學出版社2)章立源等：超導物理學，電子工業(yè)出版社3)張其瑞：高溫超導電性，浙江大學出版社4)M. Tinkham: “Introduction to Superconductivity”, McGraw-Hill, Inc.n考試等：2008-9-112OutlinenDiscovery of SuperconductivitynDevelopment of Superconducting MaterialsnBasic Propertie

2、s of SuperconductorsnPhenomenological TheoriesnMicroscopic TheoriesnNew Challenges (HTSC)2008-9-113Discovery of Superconductivityn19th Century: Down to lower TnFirst to liquefy “the permanent gas” HeliumnPt: residual resistance is related to the impuritynMercury is easy to purifiednDiscovery of SC i

3、n Hg in 19112008-9-114Discovery of SuperconductivityH. K. Onnes, Commun. Phys. Lab.12,120, (1911)Zero Electrical ResistanceMeasurement vs. Observation2008-9-115Zero resistance, Really?62008-9-112008-9-1172008-9-1182008-9-119Discovery of SuperconductivityMeissner EffectIdeal ConductorSuperconductorMa

4、gnetic levitation“Flux frozen”2008-9-11102008-9-1111122008-9-11132008-9-112008-9-1114Superconductivity is not rarenElementsnAlloysnInorganic compoundsnOrganic compoundsnPolymersnBiosystems?2008-9-11152008-9-1116Superconducting Critical Magnetic Field2008-9-1117182008-9-11Definition of Tc, Hc and JcT

5、ype I and Type II Superconductors2008-9-1119Vortex State for Type II Superconductors2008-9-1120212008-9-11Vortex Pinning for Type II SuperconductorsTo induce defects to pin the vortices: Increasing Jc; Superconducting magnet2008-9-1122Theoretical prediction of vortices in type II superconductorsFirs

6、t published in 1952 2008-9-11232003 Nobel Laureates for PhysicsAlexei A. Abrikosov Vitaly L. Ginzburg Anthony J. Leggett USA and Russia Russia United Kingdom and USA 2008-9-1124Theory of SuperconductivitynPhenomenological Theory London Theory Ginzberg-Landau-Abricosov-Gorkov TheorynMicroscopic Theor

7、y BCS Theory Other TheoriesMacroscopic Quantum Phenomenon =(r)=Aei(r)2008-9-1125BCS Theory of Superconductivity2008-9-1126超導機制超導機制Cooper電子對電子對實空間實空間正常態(tài)正常態(tài)超導態(tài)超導態(tài)動量空間動量空間2008-9-1127BCS Theory of Superconductivityn1972 Nobel Prize for PhysicsJohn Bardeen Leon Neil Cooper John Robert Schrieffer 2008-9-1

8、128Josephson Effectn1973 Nobel Prize for PhysicsCompleted the great work as a postgraduate!2008-9-1129Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) nThreshold for SQUID: 10-14 TnMagnetic field of heart:10-10 TnMagnetic field of brain: 10-13 T2008-9-1130Discovery of HTSCnBackground Theory: Litt

9、le, Ginzberg, Experiments:nOxides, the ceramic superconductors Ba(Pb,Bi)O3; LixTi2O4n(La,Ba)2CuO42008-9-1131Discovery of HTSCBednorz and Muller, Z. Physik B64, 189, (1986)2008-9-1132Discovery of HTSCfor their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials K. Alexa

10、nder Muller J. Georg Bednorzn1987 Nobel Prize for Physics2008-9-1133Retrospection on the Discovery of HTSCn(La,Ba)2CuO4: A French Group (B. Raveau) A Russian GroupnPioneer Proposal on Oxide Superconductor in China: Ba(Pb,Bi)O3nNew discovery and its impact on Science & Technology2008-9-1134Common

11、 structure model of HTSC2008-9-11352008-9-1136Electronic Phase Diagram of HTSC2008-9-1137Superconducting Gap Functions(0,)(,0)(/2,/2)s-wave gapd-wave gap2008-9-1138贗能隙現象與預超導配對 傳統(tǒng)超導體傳統(tǒng)超導體 Cooper對的出現與建立相干性同步完成. 一般單電子高溫超導體高溫超導體Tc一般單電子Cooper PairsBose-Einstein CondensationT*Tc漲落的Cooper對相干的Cooper對：BEC200

12、8-9-11392008-9-1140nIs average field theory enough to elucidate HTSC?nNanoscale phase separations: key to the high-Tc?nThe Role of Quenched Disorder?2008-9-11412022-2-13New High-Tc SuperconductorsLaFeAsO, 1111, 56 KBaFe2As2, 122, 38 K2022-2-132022-2-13111, LiFeAs, 18 K11, FeSe, 10 K2022-2-13Building BlocksMechanism of HTSC?揭示高溫超導機理 = 諾貝爾物理學獎發(fā)現室溫超導體= 諾貝爾物理學獎2008-9-1146Nobel Prizes mark MILESTONES in the area of SUPERCONDUCTIVITYn1911 Discovery of superconductivity n1950-1957: GLAG Theory n1957 BCS Theoryn1962